scholarly journals They are Communities like You The Rationale for Animal Rights and Welfare in Islamic Civilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Necmettin Kızılkaya
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Shed Light

Animal treatment has a comprehensive connotation and far-reaching implications in Islamic civilization. The rationes leges for this broader meaning in human-animal relations are the principles laid out in the two foundational sources of Islam, i.e., the Qurʾān and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muḥammad. While dealing with the subject of animals, different disciplines carried the framework drawn in these two sources to a more abstract level,thereby becoming the very basis for practices in societies’ daily life. One of these disciplines, Islamic jurisprudence deals with how people are to preserve the God-given rights of animals while extracting benefit from in different chapters. In this article, I will first provide a brief introduction to animal welfare and protection in Islamic civilization. I will then focus on how scholars have interpreted the Qurʾānic concept of community (ummah, plural:umam) in exegetical literature. After that, I will show how the Prophet Muḥammad’s approach of gentleness (rifq) and excellence (iḥsān) manifested in his treatment of animals through several examples from the ḥadīth literature.Finally, I will attempt to demonstrate how Islamic jurisprudence embodies this theoretical framework through the concept of harm. In conclusion, I will show that there are important concepts and examples in Islamic thought that shed light on scholarship in the field of animal studies.

scholarly journals Be Gentle to Them: Animal Welfare and the Protection of Draft Animals in the Ottoman Fatwā Literature and Legislation

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Necmettin Kızılkaya
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Subject

Animal studies in the Islamic context have greatly increased in number in recent years. These studies mostly examine the subject of animal treatment through the two main sources of Islam, namely, the Qur’an and the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad. Some studies that go beyond this examine the subject of animal treatment through the texts of various disciplines, especially that of Islamic jurisprudence and law. Although these two research approaches draw a picture on the subject of animal treatment, it is still not a full one. Other sources, such as fatwā books and archive documents, should be used to fill in the gaps. By incorporating these into the pool of research, we will be better enabled to understand how the principles expressed in the main sources of Islam are reflected in daily life. In this article, I shall examine animal welfare and animal protection in the Ottoman context based on the fatāwā of Shaykh al-Islām Ebū’s-Suʿūd Efendi and archival documents.

scholarly journals Virtue Ethics and Laboratory Animal Research

ILAR Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Walker
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Animal Research Ethics ◽  
Human Animal

Abstract This article appeals to virtue ethics to help guide laboratory animal research by considering the role of character and flourishing in these practices. Philosophical approaches to animal research ethics have typically focused on animal rights or on the promotion of welfare for all affected, while animal research itself has been guided in its practice by the 3Rs (reduction, refinement, replacement). These different approaches have sometimes led to an impasse in debates over animal research where the philosophical approaches are focused on whether or when animal studies are justifiable, while the 3Rs assume a general justification for animal work but aim to reduce harm to sentient animals and increase their welfare in laboratory spaces. Missing in this exchange is a moral framework that neither assumes nor rejects the justifiability of animal research and focuses instead on the habits and structures of that work. I shall propose a place for virtue ethics in laboratory animal research by considering examples of relevant character traits, the moral significance of human-animal bonds, mentorship in the laboratory, and the importance of animals flourishing beyond mere welfare.

scholarly journals Organik Hayvansal Üretim için Tedavide Alternatif Yöntemler: Bir Baytarname İncelemesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Ali Yiğit ◽  
Aşkın Yaşar
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Main Material

Manuscripts, containing thousands of years of information and experiences about the treatment of diseases of other animal species, mostly horses, are known by different names such as baitarname, esbname, haylname and bazname. These authentic works, which were also established during the Islamic Civilization period, also bear the traces of different civilizations such as Ancient Egypt, Ancient India and Ancient Greek. With this study, it was aimed to shed light on the evaluation of these manuscripts which have thousands of years of knowledge in terms of treatment and preventive medicine in organic animal production. The main material of the work is originated of a manuscript work conducted as a doctoral thesis and of information on the subject. In addition, books, theses, researches and compilation studies that can be reached within the scope of the subject and which were studied before were also evaluated. In these study, it is observed that the use of herbal, animal and mineral resources as medicines in the treatment, as well as the applications of phlebotomization and cauterization are among the treatment methods. Increased pharmacological, toxicological and clinical trials on herbal, animal and mineral drugs, which are accepted as a complementary role even if they are not alternative, could be a valuable source of organic animal production for which artificial drug use is prohibited or restricted.

scholarly journals Az állatok megjelenése a földrajztudományban: az állatföldrajzi régióktól a geográfia és az animal studies kapcsolatáig

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Animal Geography ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Shed Light

This paper investigates how animals have appeared in geographical works from the discipline’s institutionalisation until recently. I scrutinize the different animal geographies in broader context to shed light on the motivations behind why geographers focused on animals from different perspectives. This overview is especially important for evaluating the novelty of the ‘new’ animal geography. The distribution of animals on Earth has been investigated in many ‘geographical’ works since the 18th century but most of them were not written by ‘geographers’, even after the institutionalisation of the discipline. The geography of domestication and domesticated animals also has a long history, but the Berkeley School, whose representatives were especially active in this field, was pushed into the background in the second part of the 20th century. The ‘new’ animal geography that focused on the human-animal relation started to unfold in the 1990s.

scholarly journals Organik Hayvansal Üretim için Tedavide Alternatif Yöntemler: Bir Baytarname İncelemesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Ali Yiğit ◽  
Aşkın Yaşar
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Main Material

Manuscripts, containing thousands of years of information and experiences about the treatment of diseases of other animal species, mostly horses, are known by different names such as baitarname, esbname, haylname and bazname. These authentic works, which were also established during the Islamic Civilization period, also bear the traces of different civilizations such as Ancient Egypt, Ancient India and Ancient Greek. With this study, it was aimed to shed light on the evaluation of these manuscripts which have thousands of years of knowledge in terms of treatment and preventive medicine in organic animal production. The main material of the work is originated of a manuscript work conducted as a doctoral thesis and of information on the subject. In addition, books, theses, researches and compilation studies that can be reached within the scope of the subject and which were studied before were also evaluated. In these study, it is observed that the use of herbal, animal and mineral resources as medicines in the treatment, as well as the applications of phlebotomization and cauterization are among the treatment methods. Increased pharmacological, toxicological and clinical trials on herbal, animal and mineral drugs, which are accepted as a complementary role even if they are not alternative, could be a valuable source of organic animal production for which artificial drug use is prohibited or restricted.

scholarly journals The Swiss Primate Case: How Courts Have Paved the Way for the First Direct Democratic Vote on Animal Rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Charlotte E. Blattner ◽  
Raffael Fasel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The People ◽  
Swiss Canton ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legal Strategies ◽  
Democratic Vote ◽  
Federal Supreme ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract A citizens’ initiative was launched in 2016 in the Swiss canton of Basel-Stadt, demanding that the rights catalogue in the Cantonal Constitution be complemented by a fundamental right to life and a right to bodily and mental integrity for non-human primates. This initiative became the subject of a three-year legal dispute that ended with a decision of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court in September 2020, ruling that the initiative is legally valid and must be put to the people for a vote. This case note discusses the key developments in the dispute, including the groundbreaking decision by the Constitutional Court of Basel-Stadt, which held that cantons are free to ‘expand the circle of rights holders beyond the anthropological barrier’. The authors, who were involved in the drafting of the initiative and acted as legal advisers in the judicial proceedings, offer first-hand insights into legal strategies and shed light on the importance of the case in the context of the ongoing efforts to secure rights for primates around the world.

Deleuze and the Animal

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Film Music ◽  
Virtual Technology ◽  
Simple Idea ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
Television Film ◽  
Human Animal

Human-animal studies and the age of the anthropocene are prevalent across many disciplines at this time and this book is among the first to explore the usefulness of Deleuze for extensions and debates in these fields which only Deleuzian understandings of human subjectivity can provide. While Deleuzian studies has always been critical of the structure and status of human subjectivity, utilizing Deleuze in discussions of the contentious and unstable concept of the animal underlines the utility of his work for altering both theories and practices from art to philosophy to everyday activism. This book collects essays by established scholars in the field of Deleuze studies, and new scholars, to show not only the diversity of Deleuze’s applicability to human-animal studies but to call into question what we mean by the seemingly simple idea of ‘the animal’. Through 16 chapters Deleuze’s entire oeuvre is used in analysing television, film, music, art, drunkenness, mourning, virtual technology, protest, activism, animal rights and abolition. Each chapter questions the premise of the animal as a discrete, easily understood concept and thereby simultaneously places the human as animal and critiques the centrality of the human. The book aims to create new questions in reference to what the age of the anthropocene means by ‘animal’ as much as to analyse and explore examples of the unclear boundaries between human and animal.

Religion and Animals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Animal

What do animals have to do with religion? This article answers this broad question with special attention to issues related to animal ethics and animal philosophy. Topics covered include the religious dimension of human-animal relationships; the role of animals in human self-imagination; the formation of religions based on human-animal relationships, especially in responding to the dilemmas and tensions raised by killing animals for food and sacrifice; and central issues in the method and theory of critically studying animals and religion. Working at the intersection of the history of religions and animal studies, this essay provides grounding in the subfield of “animals and religion,” as well as references to a wide range of work on the study of animals. The article also cites studies of the subject in both the religions of traditional peoples, including the Cree, Koyukon, Naxi, Nivkhi, and Tuvan, and the so-called world religions, including Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions; Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist traditions; and Daoist traditions.

scholarly journals Humans, Animals and Biopolitics: The More-than-Human Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Redmalm
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Mass Noun ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Way

<p>Edited by Kristin Asdal, Tone Druglitrö and Steve Hinchliffe (Routledge, 2017)</p><p>Michel Foucault’s concept of biopolitics captures the way a decentralized form of governing measures and mobilizes life itself through a number of technologies, such as demographics, surveillance and health initiatives, with the aim to prolong and enhance the lives of a population. According to Foucault, this biopolitical form of governing characteristic of modernity implies a detached and technical stance towards individual lives. In short, biopolitics turns individual lives into <em>life </em>as a mass noun. Interestingly, when human life is treated as a resource, human’s self-proclaimed position as the crown of creation is unsettled and humans find themselves part of the same biopolitical nexus as many other animals. The technologies and consequences of the biopolitization of humans and other animals is the subject of the volume <em>Humans, Animals and Biopolitics</em>, edited by Kristin Asdal, Tone Druglitrö and Steve Hinchliffe. It is a book that should be required reading for Foucauldian theorists and human-animal studies scholars alike.</p>

Love and Death: Theoretical and Practical Examination of Human-Animal Relations in Creating Wild Animal Osteobiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Emily H. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Practical Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Archaeological Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Osteobiographies are a common form of presenting the archaeological analysis of the life history of an individual. This form of analysis, however, is usually reserved for human subjects. Writing an osteobiography of a nonhuman person is complicated by the lack of human understanding of animal thought and experience. Such analysis is further complicated when the subject is not a companion animal, and isolated from human funerary rituals which may shed light on the animal’s life. The skeletal remains of an injured wild caribou from Alberta who was collected as a museum specimen presents a unique opportunity to understand an individual animal’s life, as well presents an example of the complexities of human-animal relationships in an analytical setting. This study examines both the life of an extraordinary nonhuman person and the impact of reconstructing nonhuman life histories on the analyst.

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