Discricionariedade na Mensuração de Derivativos como Mecanismo de
                        Gerenciamento de Resultados em Bancos

The paper has the purpose of identifying whether Brazilian banks use discretionary accounting choices when recognizing and measuring derivatives for practicing earnings management and which are the determinants of this practice. Using a two-stage model to segregate the discretionary part in the estimated fair value of derivatives and based on information from the third quarter of 2002 to the fourth quarter of 2010, the empirical results confirm the reversing nature of these discretionary actions, show that banks utilize this type of action as a mechanism for earnings smoothing, and disclose that this practice is more common in private institutions, smaller in asset size and with lower capitalization. The evidence advances with respect to the previous literature, which have identified the use of derivatives in practicing earnings management by banks, but have not associated this practice to discretionary actions by the management.

Download Full-text

The effect of auditory distractors on saccades toward visual targets

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x99252156 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 677-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Colonius ◽

P. Arndt

Keyword(s):

Auditory Stimulation ◽

Stage Model ◽

Two Stage ◽

Bimodal Stimulation ◽

Empirical Results ◽

System A ◽

Visual Targets ◽

Quantitative Account ◽

Auditory Distractors

The Findlay-Walker model does not consider saccades generated by auditory targets or nontargets (distractors), or by bimodal stimulation. Empirical results suggest that the effects of auditory stimulation cannot easily be incorporated into the model, neither in the WHEN nor in the WHERE system. A two-stage model by Colonius and Arndt gives a quantitative account of the facilitative effects of auditory distractors on saccadic latencies toward visual targets.

Download Full-text

A proposed model for the formation of reversely zoned plutons based on a study of the Lacorne Complex, Superior Province, Quebec

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e87-235 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 2506-2520 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

James Bourne ◽

Daniel Danis

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Magma Chamber ◽

Magma Mixing ◽

Outer Zone ◽

Stage Model ◽

Calc Alkaline ◽

Two Stage ◽

The Third ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Reverse Zoning

The Lacorne Complex is a calc-alkaline mass of Archean age located in the Abitibi region of Quebec. The complex can be subdivided into three zones. The inner zone varies in composition from hornblende > biotite gabbro breccia to monzonite, with all rocks containing ≤ 5 % modal quartz. The outer zone rocks contain more than 5% modal quartz and range in composition from biotite > hornblende quartz diorite to granodiorite. The third zone, consisting of muscovite–biotite–garnet leucomonzogranite, is exposed only in the northwestern portion of the complex. The transition between each zone is relatively abrupt but continuous. Based on 400 modal estimates of stained slabs and 107 whole-rock and trace-element analyses, it is demonstrated that both the inner zone and the outer zone rocks are reversely zoned: mafic cores are surrounded by more felsic borders. Various methods that could explain the observed geochemical trends are considered. The data indicate that crystal–liquid equilibria were maintained during crystallization and that mechanisms such as magma mixing can be rejected. A two-stage model involving sidewall crystallization and upwelling of fractionated magma accumulating near the roof of the magma chamber is proposed to explain the reverse zoning.

Download Full-text

The Formation of the Jewish Canon

10.1093/oso/9780192898098.003.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3-33

Author(s):

Gilles Dorival

Keyword(s):

First Century ◽

The Other ◽

Third Century ◽

Stage Model ◽

Two Stage ◽

Historical Process ◽

Second Stage ◽

The Third ◽

Classic Theory ◽

The Moment

The word canon means a list of biblical books understood as being inspired by God, and therefore normative, enumerated according to a given order and in a determined number. There were three great theories about the canon: Levita (1538), Grabe (1715) and the classic theory (end of the nineteenth century), according to which the canon results from a historical process, first the canonization of the Law (between 450 and 400 BCE), then Prophets’ one (third century), and last Writings’ one (during the Hasmonean period or at the end of the first century in Jabneh). Rectifications to the classic model must be provided. In the second stage, it is inappropriate to speak about a canonization of the Prophets; this canonization included both the Torah and the Prophets: they are not two separate orders, but a single corpus at the same level. On the other hand, one must distinguish two Jewish canons. The first one is defined by Law and Prophets and can be dated back to the third century BCE. The second one involves three orders with a ranking: first, the Torah that, second, the Prophets repeat and reinforce, and which, third, the Writings repeat. It dates back to the years 200 CE. So, maybe the classic three-stage model has to be changed into a two-stage model: first, the Torah and the Prophets; second, the Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings. In other words, the canonization involving only the Torah may never have occurred. But this scenario is not fully established and the classic theory must be kept for the moment.

Download Full-text

Timing of repeated movements: Test of a two-stage model

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e536982012-719 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

Saul Sternberg ◽

Teresa Pantzer

Keyword(s):

Stage Model ◽

Two Stage

Download Full-text

Is oxidative stress the link in the two-stage model of pre-eclampsia?

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00284-6 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 354 (9185) ◽

pp. 788-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

J Roberts

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stage Model ◽

Two Stage

Download Full-text

Two-Stage Model Averaging: An Application to Forecasting Stock Returns

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2362346 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandler Lutz

Keyword(s):

Stock Returns ◽

Model Averaging ◽

Stage Model ◽

Two Stage

Download Full-text

Nonlinear dynamics of pulsating detonation wave with two-stage chemical kinetics in the shock-attached frame

Journal of Inverse and Ill-Posed Problems ◽

10.1515/jiip-2020-0032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Yaroslava E. Poroshyna ◽

Aleksander I. Lopato ◽

Pavel S. Utkin

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Detonation Wave ◽

Model Comparison ◽

Approximation Order ◽

Transition Regime ◽

Stage Model ◽

Two Stage ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Detonation Wave Propagation

Abstract The paper contributes to the clarification of the mechanism of one-dimensional pulsating detonation wave propagation for the transition regime with two-scale pulsations. For this purpose, a novel numerical algorithm has been developed for the numerical investigation of the gaseous pulsating detonation wave using the two-stage model of kinetics of chemical reactions in the shock-attached frame. The influence of grid resolution, approximation order and the type of rear boundary conditions on the solution has been studied for four main regimes of detonation wave propagation for this model. Comparison of dynamics of pulsations with results of other authors has been carried out.

Download Full-text