The Rise of Maritime Power Consciousness and the Transformation of Modern British Economic Policy: From Mercantilism to Free Trade Policy

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
宸玮 宿
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Policy

Free Trade and the Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor Countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Kelli Ketover
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Free Trade Policy ◽  
The Right

The gap between the world's poorest nations and the world's wealthiest nations continues to grow despite the promises made by the proponents of globalization. Increasingly, however, “new internationalists" argue that free trade policy should be reconstituted as fair trade policy. Current policies have only served to strengthen the influence multinational corporations have over the policy debate. The tradeoff has often been at the expense of qualities not easily measured in economic terms such as human rights, depletion of natural resources, and inequitable distribution of wealth. Future trade policy will have to contend with competing forces issuing from those fearing loss of national sovereignty on the right and others concerned with social and environmental well being on the left.

Von einer Neuen Weltwirtschaftsordnung zu einer neuen Weltfreihandelsordnung oder mehr Freihandel statt mehr Gerechtigkeit

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Wide ◽  
World Market ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Trade Policy

Abstract Wolfgang Kessler gives a report on the latest developments ofthe GATT negociations. The failure ofthe Uiruguay round in the autumn of 1990 and the irksome attempts at reanimation are depicted as a result of the strategy ofthe industrialized countries to bargain for their interests by demanding an extension oftheir free trade policy on additional parts of the world market. Kessler contrasts this strategy with a model of an ecologically and socially regulated world trade founded on world-wide agreed upon treaties that focus on a sustainable world economy.

Capitalism and the 2008 crisis

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-181
Author(s):  
Marcel A.G. van Meerhaeghe
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Free Trade Policy

Abstract The theory underlying free-trade policy and its application in real life are examined in the first two sections. Then the international financial disequilibria which contributed to die crisis, are dealt with. The next sections discuss die capitalist decline and the crisis that led to the collapse of capitalism. An appraisal concludes this paper.

scholarly journals Views of Ivan Vernadsky on the role of foreign trade policy in economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 182-198
Author(s):  
Tetiana Bodnarchuk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Modern Economic

Nowadays, the process of making effective economic decisions requires reference to the history of Ukrainian economic thought. The study of intellectual heritage and innovative ideas of prominent Ukrainian economists, among whom Ivan Vernadsky occupies an important place, will enrich the understanding of the mechanisms and ways of modern economic transformation. The purpose of the article is to analyze and generalize Ivan Vernadsky’s conceptual views on the role of foreign trade policy in economic development. The theoretical basis of this study is conceptual approaches to understanding the nature of foreign trade policy, in particular, protectionism and free trade. Systematic, comparative-historical, institutional-evolutionary, and historical-genetic analyses were used as the research methodology. The author considers Ivan Vernadsky’s conceptual approach to foreign trade as a basis for providing the country's economic leadership in the international area. The economist’s ideas on the advantages of liberal foreign trade policy, free trade, and its mutual benefits for countries are revealed. Ivan Vernadsky was a staunch opponent of restrictive foreign trade policy, which creates obstacles to the country's competitive advantages and economic progress. Attention was paid to Ivan Vernadsky's criticism of customs protectionism. According to the scientist's point of view, protectionism leads to monopolization, price rises, technical and technological backwardness of production, destabilization of foreign trade relations, etc. At the same time, one of the scientist’s merits is the formation of an innovative approach to the interpretation of protectionism as a general economic doctrine and a realistic economic policy. Ivan Vernadsky’s vision of the basics of efficient management is generalized. He creates an original theory of economic development, which can be used for selection of effective mechanisms of modern economic policy.

Joseph Chamberlain and the Genesis of Tariff Reform

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney H. Zebel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Tariff Reform ◽  
Free Trade Policy ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Decision Making

This paper is concerned solely with the genesis of the 1903 Tariff Reform Movement. Why did a veteran, realistic politician like Joseph Chamberlain challenge Britain's long-sacrosanct free trade policy? What political, economic, social, or other factors influenced him to make his decision? Was he really the originator of the program which he championed? What empirical lessons can be learned about the methodology and rationale of political decision making? The existing scholarly works dealing with the Chamberlain agitation, although exceedingly numerous, provide no really satisfactory answers to these questions. Thus a fresh appraisal of the origins of the Tariff Reform Movement seems clearly warranted.IThe Liberal journalist-statesman John Morley, who became acquainted with Chamberlain in 1873, is reported as once saying that his friend's faith in the free trade policy was always “only skindeep.” Chamberlain himself said that he was first shaken in his free trade beliefs in 1881 when, as President of the Board of Trade in the second Gladstone Government, he was asked to reply to a protectionist speech by a then-obscure Conservative M.P. named C. T. Ritchie. Contrary to Chamberlain and Morley, however, one of the Birmingham leader's official biographers states that he has found no indication that his hero entertained any fiscal heresies prior to the winter of 1902-03; and though the date he gives may be disputed, the view that Chamberlain was a late convert to protection is substantiated by considerable evidence. Chamberlain's reply to Ritchie, despite his later admission of doubt, reveals no misgivings about the free trade credo.

Imperialism and 'Free Trade' Policy in India, 1853-4

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Policy

scholarly journals The Tory Origin of Free Trade Policy

1897 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Policy

scholarly journals Britain’s Empire Marketing Board and the failure of soft trade policy, 1926–33

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Higgins ◽  
Brian D Varian
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Free Trade Policy ◽  
Differential Increase ◽  
Econometric Assessment

Abstract Before 1932, Britain’s essentially free-trade policy left barely any scope for reciprocating the preferential tariffs that the Dominions applied to Britain’s exports. Thus, Britain attempted to reciprocate by means of a “soft” trade policy aimed at increasing Britain’s imports from the empire through wide-reaching publicity coordinated by the Empire Marketing Board (EMB). This article, the first econometric assessment of the EMB, argues that there was not a differential increase in the volume of those imports advertised by the EMB. Principal arguments for this failure are that British consumers were frequently unaware of the geographic origin of many commodities and that they tended to identify company brand more than country of origin.

Customs tariff reforms in Mongolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Otgonsaikhan Nyamdaa ◽  
Enkhbayar Shagdar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Import Tariff ◽  
Tariff Reform ◽  
Free Trade Policy

Mongolia has been pursuing a free trade policy since the transition to a market economy, and today, with a sharp increase in imports and a boom in raw materials exports, domestic production has fallen, and the country became overly dependent on mining products. Therefore, there is an urgent need to review the methods for implementing foreign trade policy, to study their optimal use and update them effectively. This study examines how Mongolia’s import tariff regulations have been reforming since the transition to a market economy, and discusses some potential impacts of the import tariff reform on the Mongolian economy. Монгол Улсын импортын гаалийн тарифын шинэчлэл Хураангуй: Монгол Улс зах зээлийн эдийн засгийн харилцаанд шилжсэн үеэс чөлөөт худалдааны бодлого баримталсаар ирсэн бөгөөд өнөөдөр импортын урсгал эрс нэмэгдэж, түүхий эдийн экспорт хөгжсөнөөр дотоодын үйлдвэрлэл уналтад орсон, уул уурхайн бүтээгдэхүүнээс хэт хамааралтай улс болжээ. Иймд гадаад худалдааны бодлогыг хэрэгжүүлэх арга хэрэгслүүдийг эргэн харах, тэдгээрийг хэрхэн оновчтой хэрэглэх, шинэчлэх зэрэг асуудлыг судлах зайлшгүй шаардлага бий болоод байна. Энэхүү ажлын хүрээнд Монгол Улс зах зээлийн эдийн засгийн харилцаанд шилжсэн үеэс өнөөг хүртэл импортын гаалийн тарифын бодлого зохицуулалтын шинэчлэл хэрхэн хийгдсэн талаар судалж, импортын гаалийн тарифыг шинэчилснээр Монгол Улсын эдийн засагт үзүүлэх зарим үр нөлөөг авч үзсэн. Түлхүүр үгс: гадаад худалдааны бодлого; импортын гаалийн тарифын бодлого, зохицуулалт; нэн тааламжтай тариф; ДХБ-тай тохирсон тарифын дээд хэмжээ; тарифын шинжилгээ.

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