scholarly journals Elecroantennogram Responses of the Cherry Fruit Fly Rhαgoletis cerαsi (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Naturally Occurring Volatiles

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Raptopoulos ◽  
A. Koutsaftikis ◽  
G. Haniotakis ◽  
E. Douma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rhagoletis Cerasi

EAG responses of the cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Linne) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were recorded in response to seventy-eight generally occurring plant volatiles and male cherry fruit fly volatiles. The test compounds are representatives of three major classes of organic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and monoterpenes. No differences were observed in the degree of response between males and females, Carbon-chain length, unsaturation, and position of functional groups all have significant effect on the magnitude of EAG response.

scholarly journals Hygroscopicity of Organic Compounds as a Function of Carbon Chain Length and Carboxyl, Hydroperoxy, and Carbonyl Functional Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (27) ◽  
pp. 5164-5174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Suda Petters ◽  
Demetrios Pagonis ◽  
Megan S. Claflin ◽  
Ezra J. T. Levin ◽  
Markus D. Petters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

The Use of N-alkanes for Estimating Intake and Passage Rate in Horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
R W Mayes ◽  
F D DeB Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

Alkanes occur naturally in all plants, although forage crops tend to have higher alkane contents than cereals. N-alkanes have odd-numbered carbon chains. They are ideal for use as markers in feed trials, because, they are inert, indigestible and naturally occurring, and can be recovered in animal faeces. Synthetic alkanes (even-numbered carbon chains) are available commercially and can also used as external markers. Dove and Mayes (1991) cite evidence indicating that faecal recovery of alkanes in ruminants increases with increasing carbon-chain length. Thus the alkane “pairs” (e.g. C35 & C36, and C32 & C33) are used in calculating intake and digestibility because they are long chain and adjacent to each other. However, recent work by Cuddeford and Mayes (unpublished) has found that in horses the faecal recovery rates are similar regardless of chain lengths.

scholarly journals THERAPEUTIC INDICES OF SOME ANTIFUNGAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
EUGENE SEBASTIAN J. NIDIRY
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic indices (TIs) some antifungal organic compounds and to compare their safety. Methods: TIs of 55 organic compounds were evaluated by dividing their mammalian toxicity values given as median lethal doses ([mg/kg] rat, oral) collected from literature by experimentally determined fungitoxicity values evaluated as median effective concentration (EC50 [mg/L]) for the mycelial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on potato dextrose agar medium. Results: Large variations in TIs are observed in different classes of compounds, namely, alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols, esters, and aldehydes. The relationship between carbon chain length of saturated monohydric alcohols and mammalian toxicity shows that toxicity increases from chain length 1 to 5, declines from 5 to 6, increases from 6 to 7, and steadily declines from 7 to 10. Thus, the relationship is by and large parabolic. The relationship between carbon chain length and molar antifungal activity is also parabolic. In spite of this, large differences are found in TIs making 1-decanol (TI=42.1) a very safe antifungal compound and 1-pentanol (TI=0.17) a hazardous antifungal compound. This is because mammalian toxicity reaches a maximum around carbon chain length of 5, while in the case of antifungal activity, it reaches a maximum around carbon chain length of 10. Conclusions: Among the 55 compounds, whose TIs were evaluated, some compounds with high TIs (>10) which can be considered safe as antifungal compounds are citronellol, geraniol, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, phenyl acetaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, and propionic acid. Some compounds with low TIs (<0.50) which can be considered hazardous as antifungal compounds are resorcinol, hydroquinone, oxalic acid, and acetyl acetone.

The Use of N-alkanes for Estimating Intake and Passage Rate in Horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
R W Mayes ◽  
F D DeB Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

Alkanes occur naturally in all plants, although forage crops tend to have higher alkane contents than cereals. N-alkanes have odd-numbered carbon chains. They are ideal for use as markers in feed trials, because, they are inert, indigestible and naturally occurring, and can be recovered in animal faeces. Synthetic alkanes (even-numbered carbon chains) are available commercially and can also used as external markers. Dove and Mayes (1991) cite evidence indicating that faecal recovery of alkanes in ruminants increases with increasing carbon-chain length. Thus the alkane “pairs” (e.g. C35 & C36, and C32 & C33) are used in calculating intake and digestibility because they are long chain and adjacent to each other. However, recent work by Cuddeford and Mayes (unpublished) has found that in horses the faecal recovery rates are similar regardless of chain lengths.

Ionic liquid-biosurfactant blends as effective dispersants for oil spills: Effect of carbon chain length and degree of saturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 117119
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Masahiro Goto ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

Controlling the Secondary Assembly of Porous Anionic Uranyl-organic Polyhedra through Organic Cationic Templates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zeng ◽  
Kong-qiu Hu ◽  
Zhi-wei Huang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
Xianghe Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Organic Templates ◽  
Secondary Assembly

Herein, we report a new uranyl-organic polyhedron U4L4 (L=BTPCA) assembled from uranyl and a semirigid tritopic ligand. By adjusting the carbon chain length of the organic templates, two complexes can...

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