scholarly journals The corticosteroids in aesthetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Charikleia-Lydia Chrysoglou ◽  
Maria Goula
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Topical Corticosteroids ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Methods Of Application

The aim of this study is to present the role of corticosteroids in aesthetics. To begin with, the actions of corticosteroids are analyzed as well as their adverse effects, their classification and methods to avoid possible adverse effects when they are used topically. The use of corticosteroids in aesthetics is limited because of their variety of pharmacological actions. Corticosteroids affect almost every system of human body even if they are used topically, so they must not be considered as moisturizing or soothing products, but as medications with specific properties, indications and contraindications. Their administration is always on medical prescription, at a certain dose and for a specific period of time, even for local application on the skin. In addition, the classification of topical corticosteroids according to their potency by World Health Organization (WHO) is further discussed. Furthermore, the role of topical corticosteroids is further investigated. Finally, methods of application depending on the skin area are analyzed and combinations of corticosteroids with other medications such

scholarly journals A Basic Approach to Lymph Node and Flow Cytometry Fine-Needle Cytology

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Barroca ◽  
Cristina Marques
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Fine Needle Biopsy ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
World Health ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the new classification of lymphomas is mainly based on morphological, immunophenotypical, and molecular criteria. Consequently, this new approach has led from the substantial role that architecture played in the past to a secondary panel highlighting the role of fine-needle biopsy (FNB). Applied together with other ancillary techniques, such as flow cytometry (FC), FNB is a potential tool for the diagnosis of lymphomas, and enlarged lymph nodes represent an excellent target for the implementation of this technique. Despite the difficulties inherent in this technology, which might pose problems in differential diagnosis, in the majority of cases this joint work allows an accurate diagnosis of malignancy and even correct subcharacterization in routine lymphomas. Additionally, in selected cases, other molecular techniques like FISH and PCR can also be performed on FNB specimens, helping in the characterization and diagnosis of lymphomas. In this review, we discuss the basic aspects of the combination of FNB cytology and FC in the diagnosis and subclassification of lymphomas. The preanalytical phase is extensively discussed. The advantages, disadvantages, and technical limitations of this joint work are addressed in general and in terms of the accurate subclassification of lymphomas.

Is Homosexuality Normal?

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-259
Author(s):  
Norman Q. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Disturbed Relationships

In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of diagnoses, thereby implying that it is a normal variant of sexual behavior. Since then, when homosexuals have sought professional help for emotional problems, psychiatrists have tended increasingly to assist them to believe that their emotional discomfort is the result of society's bias and intolerance and to accept and enjoy their preference for individuals of the same sex. The World Health Organization, however, still includes homosexuality as a medical diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases. Normally, a child can be expected to develop into an adult with its genetically determined sex. When a boy who is physically and hormonally normal develops a preference for sex with another male, it is an indication that something is amiss. A pathologic family environment is often present in the family of homosexuals. Yet not all boys exposed to a pathologic family during early development become homosexuals. Because of this, the role of disturbed relationships in causing homosexuality is questioned. However, psychoanalyses of male homosexuals have convincingly revealed the existence of a fear of heterosexuality in individuals with genetically predisposed personalities.

scholarly journals Influence of advanced age on postoperative outcomes and total loss following breast reconstruction: a critical assessment of 560 cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER KOITI MATSUMOTO ◽  
ALEXANDRE MENDONÇA MUNHOZ ◽  
ALBERTO OKADA ◽  
EDUARDO MONTAG ◽  
EDUARDO GUSTAVO ARRUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the role of age in the risk of postoperative complications in patients submitted to unilateral breast reconstruction after mastectomy, with emphasis on total reconstruction loss. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients submitted to breast reconstruction, whose variables included: oncological and reconstruction data, postoperative complications, including loss of reconstruction and complications of surgical wound. We divided the patients into two groups, according to the classification of the Brazilian National Elderly Policy and the Statute of the Elderly: young (age <60 years) and elderly (60 years or more). We also grouped them according to the World Health Organization classification: young people (age <44 years), middle age (45-59 years); elderly (age 60-89 years) and extreme advanced age (90 years or older). We applied the surgical risk classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists to investigate the role of the preoperative physical state as a possible predictor of complications. Results: of the 560 patients operated on, 94 (16.8%) were 60 years of age or older. We observed a local complication rate of 49.8%, the majority being self-limited. The incidences of necrosis, infection and dehiscence were 15.5%, 10.9% and 9.3%, respectively. Patients older than 60 years presented a chance of complication 1.606 times greater than the younger ones. Forty-five (8%) patients had loss of the reconstruction; there was no statistically significant difference in the mean age of the patients who presented this result or not (p=0.321). Conclusion: in selected patients, breast reconstruction can be considered safe; most documented complications were limited and could be treated conservatively.

scholarly journals The Updated World Health Organization Glioma Classification: Cellular and Molecular Origins of Adult Infiltrating Gliomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Pisapia
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Health Organization

Context.— In the recently updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors, our concept of infiltrating gliomas as a molecular dichotomy between oligodendroglial and astrocytic tumors has been codified. Advances in animal models of glioma and a wealth of sophisticated molecular analyses of human glioma tissue have led to a greater understanding of some of the biologic underpinnings of gliomagenesis. Objective.— To review our understanding of gliomagenesis in the setting of the recently updated WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. Topics addressed include a summary of an updated diagnostic schema for infiltrating gliomas, the crucial importance of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations, candidate cells of origin for gliomas, environmental and other posited contributing factors to gliomagenesis, and the possible role of chromatin topology in setting the stage for gliomagenesis. Data Sources.— We conducted a primary literature search using PubMed. Conclusions.— With multidimensional molecular data sets spanning increasingly larger numbers of patients with infiltrating gliomas, our understanding of the disease at the point of surgical resection has improved dramatically and this understanding is reflected in the updated WHO classification. Animal models have demonstrated a diversity of candidates for glioma cells of origin, but crucial questions remain, including the role of neural stem cells, more differentiated progenitor cells, and glioma stem cells. At this stage the increase in data generated from human samples will hopefully inform the creation of newer animal models that will recapitulate more accurately the diversity of gliomas and provide novel insights into the biologic mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and progression.

scholarly journals Role of Psychological Factors on the Safety and Efficacy of the Coronavirus 2019 Vaccine (COVID-19): Letter to the Editor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
The World ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
To Receive

Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), as the biggest threat to public health in 2020, has caused many problems to people around the world during the current year. The COVID-19, which first appeared in Wuhan, China, was designated as acute respiratory syndrome 2 by the International Commission on Classification of Diseases World Health Organization and on March 11, 2020, it was introduced as a pandemic worldwide. From the earliest days, scientists and physicians have been working to discover and develop an effective vaccine for the coronavirus 2019. Finally, after much effort, several vaccines were approved by the World Health Organization. Many factors can play a role in the safety of vaccines, in this regard, psychological characteristics of individuals is one of the most important factors that can affect the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine. Considering that the medical staff of each country is one of the first group to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, so it is necessary they will be examined and evaluated in terms of psychological characteristics in order to provide the necessary psychological interventions if necessary. Iran, on February 9, 2021, started the nationwide vaccination using the Sputnik-V vaccines. Given that mental health can also affect the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine, it is recommended that samples be examined domestically for various psychological characteristics such as levels of stress, fear, depression and anxiety should be evaluated to see the best results and effectiveness of the COVID-19 virus vaccine in Iran.

scholarly journals A Proposed Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, Chapter 26

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153473542090833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-hoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Standard Terminology ◽  
Health Organization

In 2019, the World Health Assembly approved the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), which included a traditional medicine chapter. This means that traditional medicine (TM) is incorporated into the mainstream medicine of the world. For TM to contribute to human health, the role of ICD-11, chapter 26 (ICD-11-26), is important. Since the ICD-11-26 is “a union set of harmonized traditional medicine conditions of the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean classifications,” it is advisable to supplement the essential patterns while maintaining the already adopted patterns. The ICD-11-26 was originated from the World Health Organization International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region (WHO-IST), and the WHO-IST is the world’s most authoritative TM standard terminology system with an emphasis on traditional and conventional expression. In addition, it includes patterns that are widely used in TM clinical practice and have representative prescriptions at the same time. Therefore, future revisions of ICD-11-26 should make WHO-IST the main reference. Based on this spirit, this proposed revision is a modification of ICD-11-26’s structure, order, and expression (English translation) with more essential patterns.

scholarly journals Update from the latest WHO classification of MPNs: a user’s manual

Hematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Passamonti ◽  
Margherita Maffioli
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Primary Myelofibrosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The 2016 multiparameter World Health Organization (WHO) classification for Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) integrates clinical features, morphology, and genetic data to diagnose polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The main novelties are: (1) the reduction of the hemoglobin (Hb) level threshold to diagnose PV, now established at 16.5 g/dL for men and 16 g/dL for women (based on the identification of MPN patients with PV-consistent bone marrow [BM] features and a Hb level lower than that established in the 2008 WHO classification for PV); (2) the recognition of prefibrotic/early PMF, distinguishable from ET on the basis of BM morphology, an entity having a higher tendency to develop overt myelofibrosis or acute leukemia, and characterized by inferior survival; (3) the central role of BM morphology in the diagnosis of ET, prefibrotic/early PMF, PMF, and PV with borderline Hb values; megakaryocyte number and morphology (typical in ET, atypical in both PMF forms) accompanied by a new distinction of reticulin fibrosis grade in PMF (grade 1 in prefibrotic/early PMF and grade 2-3 in PMF) constitute diagnostic criteria; and (4) the inclusion of all mutually exclusive MPN driver mutations (JAK2, CALR, and MPL) as major diagnostic criteria in ET and PMF; 10% to 15% of these patients are triple negative, and in these cases the search for an additional clonal marker (eg, mutations in ASXL1, EZH2, TET2, IDH1/IDH2, SRSF2, and SF3B1) is warranted.

Sixth Edition: the New Standard

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Robert D. Rondinelli ◽  
Elizabeth Genovese ◽  
Craig Uejo ◽  
Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Impairment Severity

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, was published in December 2007 and is the result of efforts to enhance the relevance of impairment ratings, improve internal consistency, promote precision, and simplify the rating process. The revision process was designed to address shortcomings and issues in previous editions and featured an open, well-defined, and tiered peer review process. The principles underlying the AMA Guides have not changed, but the sixth edition uses a modified conceptual framework based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), a comprehensive model of disablement developed by the World Health Organization. The ICF classifies domains that describe body functions and structures, activities, and participation; because an individual's functioning and disability occur in a context, the ICF includes a list of environmental factors to consider. The ICF classification uses five impairment classes that, in the sixth edition, were developed into diagnosis-based grids for each organ system. The grids use commonly accepted consensus-based criteria to classify most diagnoses into five classes of impairment severity (normal to very severe). A figure presents the structure of a typical diagnosis-based grid, which includes ranges of impairment ratings and greater clarity about choosing a discreet numerical value that reflects the impairment.

The Historical Development of Burden of Treatment Compliance

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Burden Of Treatment ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract A long-standing criticism of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) has been the inequity between the internal medicine ratings and the orthopedic ratings; in the comparison, internal medicine ratings appear inflated. A specific goal of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, was to diminish, where possible, those disparities. This led to the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the World Health Organization in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, including the addition of the burden of treatment compliance (BOTC). The BOTC originally was intended to allow rating internal medicine conditions using the types and numbers of medications as a surrogate measure of the severity of a condition when other, more traditional methods, did not exist or were insufficient. Internal medicine relies on step-wise escalation of treatment, and BOTC usefully provides an estimate of impairment based on the need to be compliant with treatment. Simplistically, the need to take more medications may indicate a greater impairment burden. BOTC is introduced in the first chapter of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, which clarifies that “BOTC refers to the impairment that results from adhering to a complex regimen of medications, testing, and/or procedures to achieve an objective, measurable, clinical improvement that would not occur, or potentially could be reversed, in the absence of compliance.

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