Κοροναϊός του σκύλου: ένας όχι ‘αθώος’ ιός

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
V. NTAFIS (Β. ΝΤΑΦΗΣ) ◽  
M. PAPANASTASSOPOULOU (Μ. ΠΑΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
E. XYLOURI (E.ΞΥΛΟΥΡΗ)
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Genetic Variability

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is a significant aetiologic agent of acute diarrhoea in dogs, specially in puppies. An important characteristic of coronaviruses is their high genetic variability, due to increased mutation frequency and sporadic recombination events. Due to this genetic variability, CCoV is classified in two distinct types, type I and II. CCoV type I strains share increased genetic similarity with Feline coronavirus strains, while CCoV type II consists of the typical reference CCoVs. Moreover, type II strains are classified into one of two subtypes, which include the classical strains (CCoV-IIa) and the new strains (CCoV-IIb), which emerged as a result of recombination among CCoV and Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Typical disease signs of CCoV infection are anorexia, depression, lethargy, as well as vomiting and diarrhoea. Mortality rate is low, especially in adult dogs with no infection signs. Most dogs recover within 7-10 days. Mixed infections with other viruses, bacteria or parasites may lead to more severe clinical disease. Currently, CCoV appears to have spread worldwide and has been related to mild, acute diarrhoea. However, during the last years, novel CCoV strains associated with outbreaks of lethal gastroenteritis have been detected in Australia and Europe. Genome analysis revealed that these strains shared low similarity with prototype reference strains of CCoV, suggesting that atypical, divergent strains may be related to more severe clinical signs. In addition, over the past decade, strains with an ability to trespass the intestinal tract, leading to lethal systemic infection, have also been isolated. These strains have attracted scientific interest, with research focusing on experimental infections, identification of genetic markers and prophylaxis. Pantropic CCoV strains have been detected across Europe, suggesting that the new, highly pathogenic biotype is circulating among canine population. The high genetic variability of CCoV, the severe mixed infections  and the antigenic differences among CCoV types and subtypes raise questions regarding the protective efficacy of the currently commercially available vaccines.

Effectiveness of Cervical Hemilaminectomy in Canine Hansen Type I and Type II Disc Disease: A Retrospective Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Schmied ◽  
Lorenzo Golini ◽  
Frank Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Protrusion ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
Disc Extrusion ◽  
Small Breed

Medical records of 41 dogs, including 15 small breed dogs (<15 kg) and 26 large breed dogs (>15 kg), with cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) that underwent a hemilaminectomy were reviewed. Dogs were diagnosed using myelography, computed tomography/myelography, or MRI, and dogs were classified as having either Hansen Type I disc extrusion or Hansen Type II disc protrusion located ventrally, ventrolaterally, or laterally within the cervical spinal canal. The most common clinical presentation was ambulatory tetraparesis and/or lameness (44%). The most affected sites for cervical IVDD were between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae (C6–C7; 78% of Hansen Type II discs) and C2–C3 (86% of Hansen Type I discs). Treatment was effective in 88% of dogs. Five large breed dogs (12%) did not improve. In dogs with a Hansen Type I disc extrusion, clinical signs improved in 96% of the cases. In dogs with a Hansen Type II disc protrusion, an excellent and good outcome was seen in 47% and 32% of cases, respectively. Outcome was significantly better for small breed dogs and dogs with Hansen Type I disc disease compared with large breed dogs and dogs with Hansen Type II disc disease.

Three Types of Hereditary Antiterombin III Deficiency

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nagy ◽  
H. Losonczy
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Basic Activity ◽  
At Iii ◽  
And Function

The authors detected in the last seven years 15 patients with hereditary antithrombin III/AT III/ abnormality. All of them had typical clinical signs of recurrent arterious and venous thromboembolie. The abnormality inherited as an autosomal trait. Three types of the abnormality could be observed. In Type I both quantity and function of AT III were extremely decreased. In type II AT III is normal in quantity but abnormal in function. In Type III AT III is quantitatively normal and also its function seems normal as far as its basic activity is concerned /activity measured in absence of heparin/, but its abnormality becomes manifest in the presence of heparin in vitro/and also in vivo/. 5 of the patients belonged to Type I, 4 to Type II and 6 to Type III. In 60 examined family members of the 15 patients an abnormal AT III could be observed in 44, clinical signs in 23.The examination of AT III activity in the presence of a given amount of heparin ia of great importance in recognition of the different types of antithrombin III abnormalities.

Results from the German registry for refractory celiac disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (09) ◽  
pp. 944-953
Author(s):  
Marko Weber ◽  
Nina Wolf ◽  
Federica Branchi ◽  
Paul Tangermann ◽  
Alice Itzlinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Refractory Celiac Disease ◽  
Specialized Center ◽  
Wide Range

AbtractRefractory celiac disease (RCD) refers to a rare subgroup of patients with celiac disease who show clinical signs of malabsorption despite a gluten-free diet. RCD is divided into an autoimmune phenotype (RCD type I) and pre-lymphoma (RCD type II). To reflect the clinical reality in managing this disease in Germany, a national register was established based on a questionnaire developed specifically for this purpose. Between 2014 and 2020, a total of 53 patients were registered. The diagnosis of RCD was confirmed in 46 cases (87%). This included 27 patients (59%) with RCD type I and 19 patients (41%) with RCD type II. A wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic measures was used. Therapeutically, budesonide was used in 59% of the RCD patients regardless of the subtype. Nutritional therapy was used in only 5 patients (11%). Overall mortality was 26% (12 patients) with a clear dominance in patients with RCD type II (9 patients, 47%). In summary, RCD needs to become a focus of national guidelines to increase awareness, establish standards, and thus enable the treating physician to make the correct diagnosis in a timely manner. Moreover, we concluded that when treating such patients, contacting a specialized center is recommended to ensure sufficient management.

scholarly journals Profile of Patients With Respiratory Failure at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Dr. Soetomo General Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Cindy Aprilia Eka Prasanty ◽  
Arina Setyaningtyas ◽  
Arie Utariani
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Resuscitation Room

Introduction: Respiratory failure is the respiratory system’s inability to maintain its gas exchange functions, oxygenation, and carbon dioxide elimination. Infant and children are more susceptible to develop respiratory failure. Respiratory failure can also be caused by several diseases/conditions, which is a common reason for pediatrics to be admitted to the intensive care unit. Objective: This study aims to describe patients’ demographic and clinical profile with respiratory failure at the PICU of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study with the descriptive method using the medical records of patients with respiratory failure who were admitted to the PICU from September 2019 to February 2020 and had arterial BGA data (PaCO2, PaO2), which were examined in the PICU or resuscitation room before the patients were admitted to the PICU. Results: This study showed that out of 35 patients, 24 (68.6%) were female, 19 (54.3%) were <1 year old, and 20 (57.1%) had normal nutritional status. Type I (hypoxemic) and type II (hypercapnic) respiratory failures were found in 13 patients (37.1%), respectively. The most common clinical signs were fever in 26 patients (74.3%), shortness of breath in 24 patients (68.6%), and chest retraction in 24 patients (68.6%). The primary diagnosis that commonly occurred was respiratory system disorders in 15 patients (42.9%). The other diagnosis that mainly occurred was nutrition and metabolic disorders of 19 patients (54.3%). The patients' outcome was that 24 patients were survived (68.6%), and ten patients died (28.6%). Conclusions: Various clinical signs and diagnoses can be found in patients with respiratory failure at PICU. The most common respiratory failure types are type I (hypoxemic) and type II (hypercapnic) respiratory failure.

scholarly journals CURRENT APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MIRIZZI SYNDROME (OWN CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS WITH LITERATURE REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
I. O. Kozak ◽  
S. R. Mykytyuk ◽  
V. P. Mosiychuk ◽  
L. I. Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mirizzi Syndrome ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Clinical Observations

The article presents the review of the literature and own clinical observations on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of Mirizzi syndrome – a rare complication of gallstones. The clinical features of the disease has no specific symptoms. The main clinical signs of MS are periodic jaundice (84%), pain in the right hypochondrium (75%) and cholangitis (56%), the phenomenon of acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis. The most informative method of preoperative diagnosis is magnetic resonance imaging, which, unfortunately, not readily available for public use. The diagnostic sensitivity of MRI with MS is 97,6%, intraoperative cholangiography – 94%, ERCP – 86%, PTC – 5%, fibrocholangioscopy – 77%, ultrasound – 46%. The most common type of MS (10,5-51%), less often type II (15-41%), even more rare types III (3-44%), IV (7,4%) and V (2,9% ). The leading role in the treatment of syndrome belongs to open surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can only be shown to individual MS and type I patients. Conversion with this occurs in 31-100%, complications – 60%, damage to common bile duct – 22%. Open cholecystectomy remains the standard. For Type II and III types of MS, they perform cholecystectomy while retaining part of the Hartmann pocket with the subsequent plastics of CBD at the Kehr drainage. At type IV of the MS it is shown a hepaticojejunostomy. Reorder phases of operation including cholangiography before cholecystectomy made it possible to diagnose and set the type of Mirizzi syndrome, to determine the optimal surgery approach and to prevent intra– and postoperative complications.

scholarly journals Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6494) ◽  
pp. 1012-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Rockx ◽  
Thijs Kuiken ◽  
Sander Herfst ◽  
Theo Bestebroer ◽  
Mart M. Lamers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Model ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nose And Throat

The current pandemic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recently identified in patients with an acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To compare its pathogenesis with that of previously emerging coronaviruses, we inoculated cynomolgus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)–CoV and compared the pathology and virology with historical reports of SARS-CoV infections. In SARS-CoV-2–infected macaques, virus was excreted from nose and throat in the absence of clinical signs and detected in type I and II pneumocytes in foci of diffuse alveolar damage and in ciliated epithelial cells of nasal, bronchial, and bronchiolar mucosae. In SARS-CoV infection, lung lesions were typically more severe, whereas they were milder in MERS-CoV infection, where virus was detected mainly in type II pneumocytes. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19–like disease in macaques and provides a new model to test preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
M.E. Lidstrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

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