scholarly journals An opportunity for clinical pharmacology trained physicians to improve patient drug safety: A retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions in teenagers

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy R. Eugene ◽  
Beata Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Ondansetron Hydrochloride ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of hospital admissions, prolonged hospital stays, morbidity, and drug-related mortality. In this study, we sought to identify the most frequently reported medications and associated side effects in adolescent-aged patients in an effort to prioritize clinical pharmacology consultation efforts for hospitals seeking to improve patient safety.   Methods: Quarterly reported data were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) from the third quarter of 2014 and ending in the third quarter of 2017. We then used the GeneCards database to map the pharmacogenomic biomarkers associated with the most reported FAERS drugs. Data homogenization and statistics analysis were all conducted in R for statistical programming. Results: We identified risperidone (10.64%) as the compound with the most reported ADRs from all reported cases. Males represented 90.1% of reported risperidone cases with gynecomastia being the most reported ADR. Ibuprofen OR=188 (95% CI, 105.00 – 335.00) and quetiapine fumarate OR=116 (95% CI, 48.40 – 278.00) were associated with the highest odds of completed suicide in teenagers. Ondansetron hydrochloride OR=7.12 (95% CI, 1.59 – 31.9) resulted in the highest odds of pneumothorax. Lastly, olanzapine (8.96%) represented the compound with the most reported drug-drug interactions cases, while valproic acid OR=221 (95% CI, 93.900 – 522.00) was associated with the highest odds of drug-drug interactions. Conclusion: Despite any data limitations, physicians prescribing risperidone in males should be aware of the high rates of adverse drug events and an alternative psychotropic should be considered in male patients. Further, patients with a history of pneumothorax or genetically predisposed to pneumothorax should be considered for an alternative antiemetic to ondansetron hydrochloride, due to increased odds associated with the drug and adverse event.

scholarly journals An opportunity for clinical pharmacology trained physicians to improve patient drug safety: A retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions in teenagers

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Andy R. Eugene ◽  
Beata Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Ondansetron Hydrochloride ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of hospital admissions, prolonged hospital stays, morbidity, and drug-related mortality. In this study, we sought to identify the most frequently reported medications and associated side effects in adolescent-aged patients in an effort to prioritize clinical pharmacology consultation efforts for hospitals seeking to improve patient safety.   Methods: Quarterly reported data were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) from the third quarter of 2014 and ending in the third quarter of 2017. We then used the GeneCards database to map the pharmacogenomic biomarkers associated with the most reported FAERS drugs. Data homogenization and statistics analysis were all conducted in R for statistical programming. Results: We identified risperidone (10.64%) as the compound with the most reported ADRs from all reported cases. Males represented 90.1% of reported risperidone cases with gynecomastia being the most reported ADR. Ibuprofen OR=188 (95% CI, 105.0000 – 335.000) and quetiapine fumarate OR=116 (95% CI, 48.4000 – 278.000) were associated with the highest odds of completed suicide in teenagers. Ondansetron hydrochloride OR=7.12 (95% CI, 1.59 – 31.9) resulted in the highest odds of pneumothorax. Lastly, olanzapine (8.96%) represented the compound with the most reported drug-drug interactions cases, while valproic acid OR=221 (95% CI, 93.9000 – 522.000) was associated with the highest odds of drug-drug interactions. Conclusion: Despite any data limitations, physicians prescribing risperidone in males should be aware of the high rates of adverse drug events and an alternative psychotropic should be considered in male patients. Further, patients with a history of pneumothorax or genetically predisposed to pneumothorax should be considered for an alternative antiemetic to ondansetron hydrochloride, due to increased odds associated with the drug and adverse event.

scholarly journals ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE OLD AND CONTINUOUS CHALLENGE TO DRUG THERAPY AND DEVELOPMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelbaset A Elzagallaai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Health Organization

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major health problem worldwide and constitute a big challengeto drug therapy and the drug development process. ADRs are responsible for 3% of total hospital admissions and occur in 10 to 20% of hospitalized patients. It has been estimated that ADRs account for at least 100,000 deaths annually in the United States alone ranking them as the fifth leading cause of death. According to the World Health Organization definition an ADR is a noxious and unintended response to a drug that occurs at a dose normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy. This commonly used definition, however, excludes other drug therapy consequences such as drug abuse, accidental and inadvertent drug overdose and therapeutic failure. ADRs are classified into two main groups: Type A, which are predictable from the drugs’ normal pharmacological actions and are dose dependent and Type B, which are unpredictable, unrelated to the drugs’ pharmacology and do not have clear dose dependency. This is an overview of the currently used definitions and classifications of ADRs in clinical pharmacology and toxicology. Specific relevant examples are cited and some important points are discussed in the light of current knowledge. A special emphasis is made on the importance of ADRs in clinical drug therapy and drug development, which are the areas where ADRs play the most significant role.

Adverse drug reactions and drug interactions as causes of hospital admission in oncology

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20656-e20656 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Del Giglio ◽  
V. Miranda ◽  
A. Fede ◽  
M. Nobuo ◽  
M. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Event ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drug Event ◽  
Drug Reactions

e20656 Background: Previous studies have shown that cancer patients are at risk of drug interactions. But the proportion of potential adverse events that turn into clinical consequences is unknown. We sought to evaluate how many hospital admissions in oncology are due to drug-drug interactions (DDI) or adverse drug reactions (ADR). Methods: All cancer patients admitted to an oncology ward during an 8-month period had their charts retrospectively evaluated for reasons of hospitalization. Clinical trial patients were excluded. Each hospital admission was independently evaluated by two blinded investigators using a 4-point scale that was developed to classify sadmissions by their probability to be associated with either a DDI or an ADR (definitely, probably, possibly or unlikely associated). All medical records were thoroughly reviewed and discussed by experts. Results: From September 2007 to May 2008, there were 550 hospital admissions and 458 were eligible. Among unplanned admissions (N=298), 39 (13.0%, 95% CI 9.4 - 17.4%) were considered to be associated with an adverse drug event: 33 (11.0%, 95% CI 7.7 - 15.2%) were associated with an ADR and 6 (2.0%, 95% CI 0.7 - 4.3%) with a DDI. The most common DDI involved warfarin, captopril and anti-inflammatory agents and the most frequent ADR was neutropenic fever post chemotherapy. Most patients were discharged completely recovered but 2 patients died. Use of chemotherapy within 4 weeks of hospital admission (Odds Ratio 10.8, 95% CI 5.3 - 22.1; p < 0.0001) and presence of hematological tumors (Odds Ratio 12.1, 95% CI 5.9 - 25; p < 0.0001) were risk factors for being hospitalized to treat an ADR. Conclusions: Approximately one in 10 unplanned hospitalizations of cancer patients is associated with an adverse drug event. Prospective and population-based studies are warranted to evaluate their magnitude in oncology. [Table: see text]

Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 2042-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Heerak Chugh ◽  
Damini Sood ◽  
Snigdha Singh ◽  
Aarushi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Porphyrin Rings

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes- Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.

Adverse drug reactions & drug interactions in MDR-TB patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. S69-S78
Author(s):  
Amitesh Gupta ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Sekar Natarajan ◽  
Rupak Singla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Mdr Tb

A Microcomputer-Based Data Entry System for Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions in the United States

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Dong ◽  
Charles Anello ◽  
John P. Juergens ◽  
Wayne M. Turner ◽  
Alan Gelberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Data Entry System

Importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in adverse drug reactions due to drug–drug interactions: a PharmacoVigilance study in France

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Charlotte Danton ◽  
François Montastruc ◽  
Agnès Sommet ◽  
Geneviève Durrieu ◽  
Haleh Bagheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions

scholarly journals Drug-Drug-Dietary interactions in pharmacotherapy of GIT medication: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2903-2909
Author(s):  
Akula sowjanya ◽  
Abhisek Pal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Effect ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Common Drug ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dietary Interactions

Successful drug therapy depends on the interaction between drug-drug and drug-diet. Drug interactions are a vital reason for causing adverse drug reactions and modify one drug effect by another drug and these kinds of interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug. Polypharmacy could be a major risk for Drug-Drug and Drug-food interactions. Food Consumption can alter the effect of drugs by interfering either with their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics processes. Anti-ulcer drugs are used to treat different types of ulcer and that may interact with another drug showing undesirable effects. GIT medications interfere with another type of medication either with at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. The main objective of this article is to review data regarding common Drug-drug & Drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. Data was collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and they were reviewed for publication on drug-drug & drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. This data is very helpful for pharmacists while reviewing and analyzing prescribed medication, especially in geriatrics prescriptions.

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