scholarly journals Molecular docking and dynamic simulation of conserved B cell epitope of SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein Indonesian isolates: an immunoinformatic approach

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Fedik Abdul Rantam ◽  
Viol Dhea Kharisma ◽  
Christrijogo Sumartono ◽  
Jusak Nugraha ◽  
Andi Yasmin Wijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Conserved Regions ◽  
The United Kingdom

Background: An immunoinformatic approach may be useful to investigate the conserved region in the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Indonesia isolates. The aim of this study was to investigate Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates based on B cell epitopes by targeting the conserved regions in the spike glycoprotein to trigger increased multi-variant virus neutralization and memory response for the development of vaccine seed candidates. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein gene sequences originating from Indonesia were compared with Wuhan (China), the United Kingdom, South Africa, India, the United States, and Brazil isolates obtained from the NCBI and GISAID databases. The recognition of antigens was carried out directly using B cells through the B cell receptor (BCR). An indirect B cell activation by Cluster of Differentiation (CD)4+ T cells and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II was predicted through the binding with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) based on IC50 value. In addition, vaccine allergenicity and toxicity were investigated. During the molecular complex examination, the 3D peptide structure was investigated and the lowest amount of energy formed when the vaccine candidate peptide bound to BCR and MHC-II was calculated. Results: As a result, the spike glycoprotein sequences of Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates had conserved regions which were very similar to reference countries such as China, the United Kingdom, South Africa, India, the United States, and Brazil. Conclusion: It was predicted that the conserved regions could be identified as the epitope of B and T CD4+ cells that produced the peptides for vaccine candidate with antigenic, non-allergen, and non-toxic properties.

The Global Scholar

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
Globalising World

In our rapidly globalising world, “the global scholar” is a key concept for reimagining the roles of academics at the nexus of the global and the local. This book critically explores the implications of the concept for understanding postgraduate studies and supervision. It uses three conceptual lenses – “horizon”, “currency” and “trajectory” – to organise the thirteen chapters, concluding with a reflection on the implications of Covid-19 for postgraduate studies and supervision. Authors bring their perspectives on the global scholar from a variety of contexts, including South Africa, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Chile, Germany, Cyprus, Kenya and Israel. They explore issues around policy, research and practice, sharing a concern with the relation between the local and the global, and a passion for advancing postgraduate studies and supervision.

Introduction The Birth and Growth of Judicial Review in the Civil Law World

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Steven Gow Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Kingdom

This book is about the stunning birth and growth of judicial review in the civil law world, since 1945. In Volume I of this two-volume series, I showed that judicial review was born and grew in common law G-20 constitutional democracies and in Israel primarily: (1) when there is a need for a federalism or a separation of powers umpire, (2) when there is a rights from wrongs dynamic, (3) when there is borrowing, and (4) when the political structure of a country’s institutions leaves space within which the judiciary can operate. The countries discussed in Volume I were the following: (1) the United States, (2) Canada, (3) Australia, (4) India, (5) Israel, (6) South Africa, and (7) the United Kingdom....

A cross-national analysis of PhD models

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Yasmine Dominguez-Whitehead ◽  
Felix Maringe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Supervision Models ◽  
Phd Supervision ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

PurposeThis paper provides a cross-national analysis of PhD supervision models, milestones and examination procedures in order to compare PhD programs and their practices.Design/methodology/approachA comparative approach is employed, which systematically interrogates PhD supervision models, milestones and examination procedures in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States via a comprehensive review of the practices and literature.FindingsThe findings indicate the ramifications of the different approaches and highlight the benefits and drawbacks associated with the different models.Originality/valueBy making explicit the dominant supervision models, milestones and examination procedures that exist in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States, the authors shed light on the somewhat obscure path to earning a PhD degree.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of HIV by Ethnic Group Is Correlated with HSV-2 and Syphilis Prevalence in Kenya, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Richard Kenyon ◽  
Kara Osbak ◽  
Jozefien Buyze
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Partner Change

Background. This paper investigates two issues: do ethnic/racial groups with high HIV prevalences also have higher prevalences of other STIs? and is HIV prevalence by ethnic group correlated with the prevalence of circumcision, concurrency, or having more than one partner in the preceding year?Methods. We used Spearman’s correlation to estimate the association between the prevalence of HIV per ethnic/racial group and HSV-2, syphilis, symptoms of an STI, having more than one partner in the past year, concurrency, and circumcision in Kenya, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States.Results. We found that in each country HSV-2, syphilis, and symptomatic STIs were positively correlated with HIV prevalence (HSV-2: Kenya rho = 0.50,P= 0.207; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; USA rho-1,P= 0.000, Syphilis: Kenya rho = 0.33,P= 0.420; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; USA rho-1,P= 0.000, and STI symptoms: Kenya rho = 0.92,P= 0.001; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK rho = 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000). The prevalence of circumcision was only negatively associated with HIV prevalence in Kenya. Both having more than one partner in the previous year and concurrency were positively associated with HIV prevalence in all countries (concurrency: Kenya rho = 0.79,P= 0.036; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000 and multiple partners: Kenya rho = 0.82,P= 0.023; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK rho = 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000). Not all associations were statistically significant.Conclusion. Further attention needs to be directed to what determines higher rates of partner change and concurrency in communities with high STI prevalence.

Conflict Resolution in Southern Africa: Why Namibia is not Another Zimbabwe

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
David F. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
South African ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The U.S

Despite continued American insistence that a negotiating impasse had not been reached, by the final months of 1982 it seemed clear that internationally-recognized independence for Namibia would not soon be achieved. While Washington claimed that negotiations between South Africa, Angola, and the Southwest African Peoples Organization (SWAPO) (with the U.S. as mediator) remain meaningful, there appears to have been a decisive move away from settlement. The latest round of negotiations, spearheaded by the United States as the leading element of the Western Contact Group (the U.S., the United Kingdom, France, West Germany, and Canada), has attempted to move South African-controlled Namibia to independence on the basis of Security Council Resolution 435 of September 1978.

Gestalt Therapy in Theory and in Practice

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Tillett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gestalt Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Post War ◽  
Growth Movement

Gestalt therapy was developed by Frederick (Fritz) Perls, (1893–1970), a German psychoanalyst originally trained in the Freudian tradition; he left Germany in the 1930's for South Africa and emigrated to the United States in the immediate post-war years. Despite the publication of his book “Gestalt Therapy—Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality” (Perls, Hefferline and Goodman, 1950) his work remained relatively little known until Gestalt Therapy was taken up enthusiastically by the growth movement in the early 1960's. Although it is widely regarded as an established therapy in the United States, Gestalt remains relatively little known in the United Kingdom and there are probably few psychiatrists who are familiar with its theory and techniques. This paper is intended to present an introduction to Gestalt Therapy together with some idea of its application in clinical psychiatric practice.

scholarly journals Conversion of Residential Heating Systems from Fossil Fuels to Biofuels: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5063
Author(s):  
Diana A. Londoño-Pulgarín ◽  
Francisco Muñoz-Leiva ◽  
Esmeralda Crespo-Almendros
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
The United Kingdom

This paper aims to analyse: (a) how the attitude towards renewable energy-based heating systems, pro-environmental behaviour and the perceived attributes of technology influence intention to convert residential heating systems from fossil fuels to biofuels, and (b) the moderating role of culture based on Hofstede’s individualism dimension. A total of 425 responses were collected from a panel of internet users from representative countries in three continents (the United States, the United Kingdom and South Africa); the data analysis was carried out using structural equation models in a multigroup analysis. The results showed that attitude towards renewable energy-based heating systems is influenced by environmental variables in the United States and the United Kingdom, and by the perceived attributes of clean residential heating systems in the United States and South Africa. Attitude, in turn, impacts on the intention to convert from fossil fuels to biofuels. In addition, individualism has a moderating effect between these variables and there are intercultural differences in the degree of importance attributed to them. The study concludes the use of these energy systems as drivers of environmentally-sustainable development.

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