scholarly journals Advances in the prevention, management, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias W. Pletz ◽  
Gernot G. Rohde ◽  
Tobias Welte ◽  
Martin Kolditz ◽  
Sebastian Ott
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccines ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Guidelines

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the infectious disease with the highest number of deaths worldwide. Nevertheless, its importance is often underestimated. Large cohorts of patients with CAP have been established worldwide and improved our knowledge about CAP by far. Therefore, current guidelines are much more evidence-based than ever before. This article discusses recent major studies and concepts on CAP such as the role of biomarkers, appropriate risk stratification to identify patients in need of hospitalisation or intensive care, appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy (including the impact of macrolide combination therapy and antibiotic stewardship), and CAP prevention with novel influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.

scholarly journals Summary of Canadian Guidelines for the Initial Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Evidence-Based Update by the Canadian Infectious Disease Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel A Mandell ◽  
Thomas J Marrie ◽  
Ronald F Grossman ◽  
Anthony W Chow ◽  
Robert H Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nursing Home Patients ◽  
Current Guidelines

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a serious illness with a significant impact on individual patients and society as a whole. Over the past several years, there have been significant advances in the knowledge and understanding of the etiology of the disease, and an appreciation of problems such as mixed infections and increasing antimicrobial resistance. The development of additional fluoroquinolone agents with enhanced activity againstStreptococcus pneumoniaehas been important as well. It was decided that the time had come to update and modify the previous CAP guidelines, which were published in 1993. The current guidelines represent a joint effort by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society, and they address the etiology, diagnosis and initial management of CAP. The diagnostic section is based on the site of care, and the treatment section is organized according to whether one is dealing with outpatients, inpatients or nursing home patients.

scholarly journals Summary of Canadian Guidelines for the Initial Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Evidence-Based Update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel A Mandell ◽  
Thomas J Marrie ◽  
Ronald F Grossman ◽  
Anthony W Chow ◽  
Robert H Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nursing Home Patients ◽  
Current Guidelines

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a serious illness with a significant impact on individual patients and society as a whole. Over the past several years, there have been significant advances in our knowledge and understanding of the etiology of the disease, and an appreciation of problems such as mixed infections and increasing antimicrobial resistance. The development of additional fluoroquinolone agents with enhanced activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae has been important as well. It was decided that the time had come to update and modify the previous CAP guidelines, which were published in 1993. The current guidelines represent a joint effort by the Canadian Infectious Disease Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society, and they address the etiology, diagnosis and initial management of CAP. The diagnostic section is based on the site of care, and the treatment section is organized according to whether one is dealing with outpatients, inpatients or nursing home patients.

scholarly journals Evaluating ‘homegrown’ research networks in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Adelle ◽  
Nico Elema ◽  
Ereck Chakauya ◽  
David Benson
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Regional Research ◽  
Research Networks ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Mere Existence ◽  
The Impact

Attempts to improve the policy environment have led to a growing pressure on governments in Africa to embark on policymaking that is more evidence based and considers a wide spectrum of scientific and indigenous knowledge. Local – or ‘homegrown’ – research networks on the continent can help strengthen the role of scientific knowledge in policymaking by increasing the capacity of researchers and by enhancing the visibility and communication of the research produced. While a large number of regional and sub-regional research networks have sprung up in Africa, the mere existence of networks does not guarantee their success. In reality, the impact of research networks on the science–policy interface depends on how well the networks operate in practice. We present a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of research networks in a way that is comparable across networks. The evaluation framework was used to evaluate two sub-regional research networks: the NEPAD Southern African Networks of Water Centres of Excellence (SANWACTE) and the NEPAD Southern African Network for Biosciences (SANBio). The evaluation revealed some shared constraints limiting the effectiveness of both networks, including uneven regional representation, asymmetry between network members, and difficulties in securing sufficient, diverse and sustainable resources. Further research into network design and funding models is suggested in order to enhance the role of these networks in providing locally appropriate knowledge for policymaking on the continent.

scholarly journals Fishing-Injury-Related Flexor Tenosynovitis of the Hand: A Case Report and Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny A. Young-Afat ◽  
Deniz Dayicioglu ◽  
John C. Oeltjen ◽  
Audene P. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Infectious Disease Specialists ◽  
Flexor Tenosynovitis

Hand infections occurring after fishing and other marine-related activities may involve uncommon bacteria that are not susceptible to the conventional or empiric antibiotic therapy used to treat soft tissue infections. Therefore appropriate treatment is often delayed and could lead to severe hand damage. An illustrative case of fishing-related injury leading to complicated tenosynovitis and horseshoe abscess caused byMycobacterium marinumand its treatment course is outlined. Laceration of the skin during boating is fairly common. Because of the rarity of some of the bacteria, referrals to the appropriate specialist including hand surgeons and infectious disease specialists should occur in early stages.M. marinuminfections should always be considered in injuries related to seawater and fishing as this may lead to early appropriate treatment and prevent severe damage.

scholarly journals Role of Steroid in Adult Patients of Septic Shock - A Critical Analysis

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Rajib Hasan ◽  
Humayun Kabir ◽  
Taposh Chandra Roy ◽  
Javed Sharoar Chowdhury ◽  
Farzana Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock

" Sepsis and septic shock is the condition which has been with intensive care units from long before. In fact, it is one of the highly ranked diseases causing mortality in ICU patients. There are currently many evidence based practices in the management of septic shock and use of steroid is one of them. The aim of this article is to critically evaluate the evidences regarding the role of steroids in adult patients of septic shock. This article has also evaluated all the current evidences regarding details of the role of steroids including their formulation, dosage, duration and route of administration in patients of septic shock.KYAMC Journal Vol. 4, No.-2, Jan 2014, Page 409-414

scholarly journals General Education Teachers Use of Evidence-Based Practices with Students with Autism: The role of Training, Knowledge, Attitudes and Barriers to EBP Use.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Barry ◽  
Jennifer Holloway ◽  
Stephen Gallagher ◽  
Jennifer McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
General Education ◽  
General Education Teachers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
The Impact

This study examined general education (GE) teachers use of EBPs, and the impact that teacher training, knowledge of EBPs, attitudes towards EBPs and barriers to EBPs have on teacher's use of EBPs.

Reduction in Inadequate Empiric Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Impact of a Unit-Specific Treatment Pathway

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Magnotti ◽  
Thomas J. Schroeppel ◽  
Timothy C. Fabian ◽  
L. Paige Clement ◽  
Joseph M. Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Specific Pathway

Empiric antibiotic therapy is routinely initiated for patients with presumed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Reported mortality rates for inadequate empiric antibiotic therapy (IEAT) for VAP range from 45 to 91 per cent. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a unit-specific pathway for the empiric management of VAP on reducing IEAT episodes and improving outcomes in trauma patients. Patients admitted with VAP over 36-months were identified and stratified by gender, age, severity of shock, and injury severity. Outcomes included number of IEAT episodes, ventilator days, intensive care unit days, hospital days, and mortality. Three hundred and ninety-three patients with 668 VAP episodes were identified. There were 144 (22%) IEAT episodes: significantly reduced compared with our previous study (39%) ( P < 0.001). Patients were classified by number of IEAT episodes: 0 (n = 271), 1 (n = 98) and ≥ 2 (n = 24). Mortality was 12 per cent, 13 per cent, and 38 per cent ( P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression identified multiple IEAT episodes as an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio = 4.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.684–13.162). Multiple IEAT episodes were also associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay ( P < 0.001). Trauma patients with multiple IEAT episodes for VAP have increased morbidity and mortality. Adherence to a unit-specific pathway for the empiric management of VAP reduces multiple IEAT episodes. By limiting IEAT episodes, resource utilization and hospital mortality are significantly decreased.

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