scholarly journals Performance of Energy Conservation Models, Generic, Micaz and Micamotes, using AODV Routing Protocol on a Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Kiran Dhull ◽  
Payal Arora ◽  
Ashish Kumar Luhach
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN’s) have gained a considerable importance and are used for a variety of applications. In WSN, an arrangement of sensor nodes is done to sense and collect information from its nearby environment and to send it back to the base station using routing protocol. The biggest challenges are how to handle the routing problems and to optimize the energy consumption in WSN. In this paper, performance evaluation of three energy models, Generic, Micaz and Micamotes, is presented using Ad-Hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. The performance evaluation is done using several parameters: Throughput, Jitter, Average End-to-End Delay (AEED), Total Packets Received (TPR) and Energy consumption inthree modes (transmit, receive and idle). Based on the evaluation, it has been found that Micamotes energy model using AODV routing protocol consumes less energy by 80.46% and 428.57% in transmit mode , 102.94% and 335.6% in receive mode from Micaz and Generic energy models, respectively.

Preventing Collaborative Black Hole Attack in IoT Construction Using a CBHA–AODV Routing Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
T. Aditya Sai Srinivas ◽  
S S Mani Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Workers or labors who are working in construction sites are prone to severe risks such as death, injuries happened due to accidents, falls and stuck in between objects. Internet of things (IoT) based sensors can be utilized to monitor the behavior of workers when they are in danger zones/areas. To safeguard site workers, supervisors or site managers should monitor and alert them when they are in danger. Data will be routed from site worker to supervisor, during this routing process data is subjected to routing attacks such as black hole attack and so on, due to wireless transmission. This article addresses the problem of black hole attack that happens during the wireless transmission between nodes and the base station (BS) of IoT-based civil construction. The proposed solution Collaborative Black Hole Attack – Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol (CBHA-AODV) prevents the collaborative black hole attack by 87.72%.

An Improvement Routing Protocol Based LEACH for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Gang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Cluster Heads

Due to limited energy, computing ability, and memory of Wireless sensor Networks(WSN), routing issue is one of the key factors for WSN. LEACH is the first clustering routing protocol, which can efficiently reduce the energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of WSN, but it also has some disadvantage. This paper proposed an improvement based LEACH, called LEACH-T. According to different number of clusters, LEACH-T uses variable time slot for different clusters in steady-state phase, and single-hop or multi-hop to transmit data between cluster heads and Base Station. Also it considered residual energy of sensor nodes and the optimal number of clusters during selection of the cluster heads. The simulation results show that LEACH-T has better performance than LEACH for prolonging the lifetime and reducing the energy consumption.

scholarly journals SDFMUCR: Software-defined and fuzzy-based multi-hop unequal cluster routing

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 155014772096299
Author(s):  
Lu Sixu ◽  
Wu Muqing ◽  
Zhao Min
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Software Defined Network ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
Unequal Cluster

Recently, wireless sensor networks play an important role in our life. Researchers give more and more attention to the design of the routing algorithm. Cluster routing is the most popular routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. However, hotspot problem always exists. Unequal cluster routing is an effective method to solve this problem. In these protocols, nodes closer to base station have the smaller cluster size than other sensor nodes. It will reduce the relay pressure of the node which is near to the base station. The development of the software-defined network optimizes the performance of wireless sensor networks. In this article, we propose a software-defined and fuzzy-based multi-hop unequal cluster routing protocol. It adopts three methods to make the routing protocol outstanding. First, it uses a novel software-defined network architecture to reduce computation overhead and energy overhead in sensor nodes. Then, the fuzzy logic–based intracluster and intercluster routing is designed to balance energy consumption. Finally, residual energy–based rotating scheme is proposed to reduce most of the control overhead. According to the simulation results, the proposed protocol balances and reduces the energy consumption, extends the lifetime, and reduces the control overhead and latency of the network.

Optimized Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks Through Metaheuristic Firefly Based Cluster Head Selection Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Chintam ◽  
Madhusudhana Rao T.v ◽  
Rajendra Kumar G
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Head Selection ◽  
Fitness Value

Abstract A wireless sensor network is a type of wireless ad-hoc networks, which is a collection of individual sensor nodes that are battery-operated devices and connected through ad-hoc and self-configuring connectivity. Therefore, the energy-saving of sensor node is a challenging design issue. Hence, the lifetime of a node is decreased. To enhance the network lifetime and optimal energy consumption, clustering is one of the best methods in WSN. While message transmission there is more distance between the cluster head and base station then more energy drained by the cluster head compare to the remaining sensor nodes in a particular cluster and if the energy consumption is more then automatically the network lifetime decreased. Therefore, this paper proposed an optimal metaheuristic firefly based cluster head selection protocol (FCH) by finding fitness value for selecting the best cluster head. This best-elected cluster head drains less energy as well as increase the network lifetime. In addition to the proposed FCH compared with two basic sensor networks algorithms low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and Data transmission (DT). The FCH algorithm achieved better results than compared algorithms in terms of dead nodes, remaining energy, and alive nodes of the network.

scholarly journals Tree Based Energy Balancing Routing Protocol by Self Organizing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1486
Author(s):  
Syed Umar ◽  
P.V.R. D Prasada Rao ◽  
Sridevi Gutta
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Self Organizing

Today the wireless sensor networks (WSN) play a crucial role in wireless technology in various domains like military, medicine, communications etc. The energy conservation is the crucial factor in the WSN. The WSN is a system which has more number of nodes in which various sensors are fabricated on the nodes to monitor various factors of the given task. These nodes will form a network by connecting the one to other for the effective communication between the nodes, and sends the whole information to the base station (BS). As the nodes which we use for the WSN are of low cost and are battery operated. The main drawback is replacement of the battery in the WSN. The main goal is to conserve the energy consumption in WSN and also to balance the load on WSN. For this many protocols are designed like LEACH, PEGASIS, PEDAP, etc. in those balancing the load and time delayed. some drawbacks are there. So we proposed a protocol so called “Tree Based Energy Balancing routing Protocol by Self Organizing” (TEBRSO), in which instead of routing tables a routing tree will be used for routing from nodes to base station (BS), which chooses one root/control node for the broadcasting messages to the selected sensor nodes. By this protocol we can save the energy consumption in WSN and can extend the life time of it. The performance of this protocol is better when we compare with other energy saving protocols.

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

Performance Analysis of RNC Clustering Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Rawat ◽  
Siddhartha Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Threshold Function ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Clustering Protocol

Background and Objective: The functionalities of wireless sensor networks (WSN) are growing in various areas, so to handle the energy consumption of network in an efficient manner is a challenging task. The sensor nodes in the WSN are equipped with limited battery power, so there is a need to utilize the sensor power in an efficient way. The clustering of nodes in the network is one of the ways to handle the limited energy of nodes to enhance the lifetime of the network for its longer working without failure. Methods: The proposed approach is based on forming a cluster of various sensor nodes and then selecting a sensor as cluster head (CH). The heterogeneous sensor nodes are used in the proposed approach in which sensors are provided with different energy levels. The selection of an efficient node as CH can help in enhancing the network lifetime. The threshold function and random function are used for selecting the cluster head among various sensors for selecting the efficient node as CH. Various performance parameters such as network lifespan, packets transferred to the base station (BS) and energy consumption are used to perform the comparison between the proposed technique and previous approaches. Results and Discussion: To validate the working of the proposed technique the simulation is performed in MATLAB simulator. The proposed approach has enhanced the lifetime of the network as compared to the existing approaches. The proposed algorithm is compared with various existing techniques to measure its performance and effectiveness. The sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a 100m*100m area. Conclusion: The simulation results showed that the proposed technique has enhanced the lifespan of the network by utilizing the node’s energy in an efficient manner and reduced the consumption of energy for better network performance.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN SMART GRIDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Carlos Deyvinson Reges Bessa
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
La Red

ABSTRACTThis work aims to study which wireless sensor network routing protocol is more suitable for Smart Grids applications, through simulation of AODV protocols, AOMDV, DSDV and HTR in the NS2 simulation environment. Was simulated a network based on a residential area with 47 residences, with one node for each residence and one base station, located about 25m from the other nodes. Many parameters, such as packet loss, throughput, delay, jitter and energy consumption were tested.  The network was increased to 78 and 93 nodes in order to evaluate the behavior of the protocols in larger networks. The tests proved that the HTR is the routing protocol that has the best results in performance and second best in energy consumption. The DSDV had the worst performance according to the tests.Key words.- Smart grid, QoS analysis, Wireless sensor networks, Routing protocols.RESUMENEste trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el protocolo de enrutamiento de la red de sensores inalámbricos es más adecuado para aplicaciones de redes inteligentes, a través de la simulación de protocolos AODV, AOMDV, DSDV y HTR en el entorno de simulación NS2. Se simuló una red basada en una zona residencial con 47 residencias, con un nodo para cada residencia y una estación base, situada a unos 25 metros de los otros nodos. Muchos parámetros, tales como la pérdida de paquetes, rendimiento, retardo, jitter y el consumo de energía se probaron. La red se incrementó a 78 y 93 nodos con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento de los protocolos de redes más grandes. Las pruebas demostraron que el HTR es el protocolo de enrutamiento que tiene los mejores resultados en el rendimiento y el segundo mejor en el consumo de energía. El DSDV tuvo el peor desempeño de acuerdo a las pruebas.Palabras clave.- redes inteligentes, análisis de calidad de servicio, redes de sensores inalámbricas, protocolos de enrutamiento.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Based Low Energy Aware Gateway (LEAG) Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5S3) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of a large amount of nodes connected in a self-directed manner. The most important problems in WSN are Energy, Routing, Security, etc., price of the sensor nodes and renovation of these networks is reasonable. The sensor node tools included a radio transceiver with an antenna and an energy source, usually a battery. WSN compute the environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, pollution levels, etc., WSN built the network with the help of nodes. A sensor community consists of many detection stations known as sensor nodes, every of which is small, light-weight and portable. Nodes are linked separately. Each node is linked into the sensors. In recent years WSN has grow to be an essential function in real world. The data’s are sent from end to end multiple nodes and gateways, the data’s are connected to other networks such as wireless Ethernet. MGEAR is the existing mechanism. It works with the routing and energy consumption. The principal problem of this work is choosing cluster head, and the selection is based on base station, so the manner is consumes energy. In this paper, develop the novel based hybrid protocol Low Energy Aware Gateway (LEAG). We used Zigbee techniques to reduce energy consumption and routing. Gateway is used to minimize the energy consumption and data is send to the base station. Nodes are used to transmit the data into the cluster head, it transmit the data into gateway and gateway compress and aggregate the data then sent to the base station. Simulation result shows our proposed mechanism consumes less energy, increased throughput, packet delivery ration and secure routing when compared to existing mechanism (MGEAR).

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