Immunolocalization of hexose transporters in ostriches' intestinal epithelial cells during their first postnatal week

Although hexoses glucose and fructose serve as important energy sources of food, up to now, there is little information about hexose transporters in birds’ intestinal epithelium during their first postnatal week. The aim of the investigation was to carry out an immunohistochemical study of integral membrane proteins glucose transporter-2 and -5 (GLUT-2 and GLUT-5) on intestinal epithelial cells of ostrich chicks during their first postnatal week. The material from duodenum and ileum was collected from 9 female ostriches (Struthio camelus var. Domesticus) divided into three age groups, three birds in each group: chicks immediately after hatching, 3-day-old ostriches and 7-day-old chicks. The material was fixed in 10% formalin, embedded into paraffin, slices 7μm thick were cut followed by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal primary antibodies Rabbit anti- GLUT-2 and Rabbit anti-GLUT-5, carried out according to the manufacturer’s guidelines (IHC kit, Abcam, UK). Immunohistochemical localization of GLUT-2 and -5 in the intestinal epithelial cells in ostriches of different age groups was determined. In the groups of chicks after hatching and 3-day-old ostriches, enterocytes in duodenal epithelium were mostly unstained and goblet cells stained weakly for both antibodies. Weak staining of enterocytes and goblet cells was also noted in the ileal epithelium of the chick after hatching. Moderate staining of goblet cells was noted in the 3-day-old chicks’ ileal epithelium. In 7-day-old ostriches, the expression of both antibodies was weak in duodenal but moderate in ileal epithelial cells. The pattern of immunohistochemical expression of GLUT-2 and GLUT-5 in ostriches’ intestinal epithelial cells confirms our hypothesis that the intestinal tract of ostriches after hatching is not yet entirely capable of transportation of hexoses and showed that it is completing gradually during the first postnatal week.

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Differentiation and Proliferation of Intestinal Stem Cells and its Underlying Regulated Mechanisms during Weaning

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203720666190125101834 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 690-695

Author(s):

Xi Chen ◽

Zehong Yang ◽

Huiling Hu ◽

Wentao Duan ◽

Aiping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Intestinal Stem Cells ◽

Stressful Event ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Weaning Stress ◽

Differentiation And Proliferation

Weaning is a stressful event associated with gastrointestinal disorders and increased disease susceptibility. Many studies have reported the changes that happened in the gut of various mammals such as pigs and rats after weaning. These findings suggest that the development of intestinal tract mainly is affected at the time of weaning through interfering in the differentiation and proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Weaning stress stimulates the rapid differentiation and proliferation of intestinal stem cells in order to adjust to changes caused by weaning, which are mainly manifested as deeper crypt depth and decreased intestine villus height. However, the accelerated cellular process may lead to an increase in the proportion of immature intestinal epithelial cells and goblet cells, which affect intestinal permeability and reduce the gut-barrier function against toxins and pathogens. This review briefly describes the effects coforticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and polyamines on the differentiation and proliferation of intestinal stem cells after weaning and discusses its possible underlying regulatory mechanisms. Firstly, weaning stress activates CRF to binds its receptors, which induces proinflammatory responses and promote rapid differentiation and proliferation of intestinal stem cells to a larger fraction of immature intestinal epithelial cells and goblet cells. Secondly, the lack of EGF after weaning inhibits the expression of goblet cell maturation factors and makes it difficult for goblet cells and intestinal epithelial cells to mature. Finally, diet and endogenous synthesis lead to excessive polyamines in the intestine, which promote the proliferation of intestinal stem cells by regulating the expression of human antigen R (HuR) and other related genes at the time of weaning.

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First person – Sepideh Fallah

Biology Open ◽

10.1242/bio.059137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Src Family Kinases ◽

Early Career ◽

First Person ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Early Career Researchers ◽

Postdoctoral Researcher ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Sepideh Fallah is first author on ‘ Src family kinases inhibit differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells through the Hippo effector YAP1’, published in BiO. Sepideh is a postdoctoral researcher in the lab of Prof. Jean-François Beaulieu at Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, investigating how SFKs negatively regulate the differentiation of absorptive and goblet cells through upregulating of YAP1 activity.

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Seasonal Expression of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases in the Colon of Wild Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Dauricus)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-841280/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Song ◽

Xiaoying Yang ◽

Xueying Zhang ◽

Jueyu Zhu ◽

Yixin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Western Blot ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Ground Squirrels ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽

Extracellular Signal

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to explore the localization and expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase/phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK/pERK) in the colonic tissue of wild ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) in the breeding season and the non-breeding season. Methods and Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used in this study. The histological results showed that the diameter of the colon lumen in the non-breeding season was larger than that in the breeding season, and the number of glandular cells in the non-breeding season was also more than those in the breeding season. The immunochemical results showed that ERK1/2 was expressed in the cytoplasm of goblet cells and intestinal epithelial cells, while pERK1/2 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of goblet cells and intestinal epithelial cells. The immunolocalization of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 expression were more obvious in the non-breeding season, especially in intestinal epithelial cells. The results of real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 in the breeding season was significantly lower than that in the non-breeding season.Conclusions: The expression of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 in the colons of the wild ground squirrels had seasonal changes, which had significant increases in the non-breeding season comparing to those in the breeding season. This study revealed the potential role of ERK1/2 in colon to the adaptation of seasonal changes in wild ground squirrel.

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Intestinal cyto differentiation in vitro of chick stomach endoderm induced by the duodenal mesenchyme

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.82.1.163 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 163-176

Author(s):

Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka ◽

Takeo Mizuno

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Self Differentiation

The inductive action of duodenal mesenchyme on the cytodifferentiation of stomach endoderm in chick embryos was investigated in vitro with electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Morphologically undifferentiated endoderm of the stomach of a 4-day embryo could differentiate only into a mucous secretory epithelium when cultured in the absence of mesenchyme. However, when cultivated in recombination with 6-day duodenal mesenchyme, most cells of 4-day stomach endoderm differentiated into intestinal absorptive cells possessing striated border and sucrase, and goblet cells, but not into stomach-type mucous secretory cells. In contrast, when 4-day stomach endoderm was cultured recombined with mesenchyme of embryonic digestive organs other than intestine, none of the stomach endoderm cells differentiated into intestinal epithelial cells. The competence of stomach endoderm for intestinal cytodifferentiation decreased rapidly with development, but remained until relatively later stages in the gizzard region. The present investigation demonstrates that duodenal mesenchyme can induce stomach endoderm, which has acquired the potency for self-differentiation into stomach-type epithelium, to cytodifferentiate into intestinal epithelium.

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Green Tea Polyphenols Inhibit the Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter of Intestinal Epithelial Cells by a Competitive Mechanism

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf0006832 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 5618-5623 ◽

Cited By ~ 222

Author(s):

Yoko Kobayashi ◽

Miho Suzuki ◽

Hideo Satsu ◽

Soichi Arai ◽

Yukihiko Hara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Green Tea ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Tea Polyphenols ◽

Green Tea Polyphenols ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Competitive Mechanism ◽

Sodium Dependent

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C/EBPβ regulates P2X7 receptor expression in response to glucose challenge in intestinal epithelial cells

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/bcb-2014-0098 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 38-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maude S. Bilodeau ◽

Guillaume Arguin ◽

Fernand-Pierre Gendron

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Promoter Region ◽

P2x7 Receptor ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Cell Function ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Glucose Challenge

Activation of the ATP-dependent P2X7 receptor modulates glucose transport in intestinal epithelial cells through the downregulation of glucose transporter GLUT2. In the present study, we show that an increase in glucose concentration stimulates P2X7 receptor transcription via modulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) α and β expression. The described human P2X7 receptor promoter region (GenBank Y12851) was cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene in pGL4.10 plasmid and used to determine whether C/EBPs, namely C/EBPα and C/EBPβ, are able to stimulate the transcription of P2X7 receptor. Results show that C/EBPβ was the main regulator of P2X7 receptor expression in response to a glucose challenge. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays further revealed that C/EBPβ occupied the –213 to +6 nt P2X7 promoter region. Surprisingly, C/EBPα was also able to bind this region as revealed by ChIP assays, but without inducing receptor transcription. In fact, C/EBPα and the C/EBPβ-LIP isoform blocked the C/EBPβ-dependent regulation of P2X7 receptor transcription. These findings suggest that glucose is not only the major source of energy for cell function but may also act as a signaling molecule to stimulate the expression of regulatory proteins.

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Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression is regulated by insulin and glucose

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2013.26 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jose Barrera Roa ◽

Gabiela Sanchez Tortolero ◽

Emanuele Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Trefoil Factor ◽

Glucose Transporter 1 ◽

Trefoil Factors ◽

Pancreatic Cells

Introduction: Trefoil factors are effector molecules in gastrointestinal tract physiology. They are classified into three groups: the gastric peptides (TFF1), spasmolytic peptide (TFF2) and intestinal trefoil factor (TFF3). Previous studies have shown that trefoil factors are located and expressed in human endocrine pancreas suggesting that TFF3 play a role in: a) pancreatic cells migration, b) β-cell mitosis, and c) pancreatic cells regeneration. We speculated that the presence of TFF3 in pancreas, could be associated to a possible regulation mechanism by insulin and glucose. To date, there are not reports whether the unbalance in carbohydrate metabolism observed in diabetes could affect the production or expression of TFF3.Methods: We determined the TFF3 levels and expression by immunoassay (ELISA) and semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique respectively, of intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) treated with glucose and insulin. Also,Real Time-PCR (RTq-PCR) was done.Results: Increasing concentrations of glucose improved TFF3 expression and these levels were further elevated after insulin treatment. Insulin treatment also led to the up-regulation of human sodium/glucose transporter 1 (hSGLT1), which further increases intracellular glucose levels. Finally, we investigated theTFF3 levels in serum of diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) and healthy patients. Here we shown that serum TFF3 levels were down-regulated in T1DM and this levels were up-regulated after insulin treatment. Also, the TFF3 levels of healthy donors were up-regulated 2 h after breakfast.Conclusion: Our fi ndings suggest for the fi rst time that insulin signaling is important for TFF3 optimal expression in serum and intestinal epithelial cells.

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Three-dimensional organization and functional relationships of endocytotic compartments in pig intestinal epithelial cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123283 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 576-577

Author(s):

Julian P. Heath ◽

Buford L. Nichols ◽

László G. Kömüves

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Cell Surfaces ◽

Basal Surface ◽

Functional Relationships

The newborn pig intestine is adapted for the rapid and efficient absorption of nutrients from colostrum. In enterocytes, colostral proteins are taken up into an apical endocytotic complex of channels that transports them to target organelles or to the basal surface for release into the circulation. The apical endocytotic complex of tubules and vesicles clearly is a major intersection in the routes taken by vesicles trafficking to and from the Golgi, lysosomes, and the apical and basolateral cell surfaces.Jejunal tissues were taken from piglets suckled for up to 6 hours and prepared for electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry as previously described.

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