scholarly journals The time course of selected outcome measures in healthy women aged 65-74 years when varying exercise frequency and duration of an exercise walking programme

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Walking Programme

EARLY VARIATIONS OF PLASMA CORTISOL AFTER PULSE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Angeli ◽  
Giuseppe Boccuzzi ◽  
Roberto Frajria ◽  
Daniela Bisbocci ◽  
Franco Ceresa
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Adrenal Steroidogenesis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zero Time

ABSTRACT 10 mg/kg of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (Db-cAMP) was iv pulse injected into twelve healthy adult women. The plasma cortisol levels were determined as 11-OHCS at zero time and then at 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 180 min after the injection. The data were compared with those obtained at the corresponding times in two groups of eleven and seventeen healthy women after the injection of 250 ng and 250 μg of synthetic β-1-24 corticotrophin performed in the same manner as the injection of the nucleotide. The mean increments in plasma cortisol were significantly lower after Db-cAMP than after ACTH. Differences were noted by analyzing the time course of the responses. In the case of stimulation with Db-cAMP the 11-OHCS levels rose progressively to a maximum at 15–30 min. By contrast, a peak of plasma cortisol was evident in most cases within a few min after the injection of ACTH; after a fall, a later rise was then observed starting from 15 min. The differences in the plasma 11-OHCS responses after the two stimuli may also be of interest clinically for the investigation of some aspects of adrenal steroidogenesis.

Associations Between Single-Leg Postural Control and Drop-Landing Mechanics in Healthy Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Durall ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek ◽  
Melissa Kersten ◽  
Maria Nitz ◽  
Jonathan Setz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Landing Mechanics ◽  
Knee Abduction

Context:Impaired postural control in single-limb stance and aberrant drop-landing mechanics have been implicated separately as risk factors for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but associations between these variables has not been reported.Objective:To determine whether there are associations between single-limb postural control and drop-landing mechanics.Setting:University motion-analysis laboratory.Design:Single-leg-landing kinematic and kinetic data were collected after participants dropped from a hang bar. Postural-control variables COP excursion and velocity were assessed during single-leg barefoot standing on a force platform.Participants:A convenience sample of 24 healthy women.Main Outcome Measures:Pearson product–moment correlation coefficients.Results:Strong associations were measured between maximal knee-abduction moment and COP excursion (r = .529, P = .003) and average COP velocity (r = .529, P = .003). Strong inverse associations were measured between minimum hip-flexion angle and COP excursion (r = −.521, P = .003) and average COP velocity (r = −.519, P = .003).Conclusions:Participants with decreased postural control had higher knee-abduction moments and a more extended hip on landing, which have been implicated separately as risk factors for ACL injury. A longitudinal prospective analysis is needed to determine whether force-platform postural-control measures can identify athletes at risk for ACL injury.

Relationship Between Gluteal Muscle Strength, Corticospinal Excitability, and Jump-Landing Biomechanics in Healthy Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Lepley ◽  
Allison M. Strouse ◽  
Hayley M. Ericksen ◽  
Kate R. Pfile ◽  
Phillip A. Gribble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Gluteal Muscle ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Landing Biomechanics

Context:Components of gluteal neuromuscular function, such as strength and corticospinal excitability, could potentially influence alterations in lower extremity biomechanics during jump landing.Objective:To determine the relationship between gluteal muscle strength, gluteal corticospinal excitability, and jump-landing biomechanics in healthy women.Setting:University laboratory.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Participants:37 healthy women (21.08 ± 2.15 y, 164.8 ± 5.9 cm, 65.4 ± 12.0 kg).Interventions:Bilateral gluteal strength was assessed through maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Strength was tested in the open chain in prone and side-lying positions for the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles, respectively. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to elicit measures of corticospinal excitability. Participants then performed 3 trials of jump landing from a 30-cm box to a distance of 50% of their height, with an immediate rebound to a maximal vertical jump. Each jump-landing trial was video recorded (2-D) and later scored for errors.Main Outcome Measures:MVICs normalized to body mass were used to assess strength in the gluteal muscles of the dominant and nondominant limbs. Corticospinal excitability was assessed by means of active motor threshold (AMT) and motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited at 120% of AMT. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) was used to evaluate jump-landing biomechanics.Results:A moderate, positive correlation was found between dominant gluteus maximus MEP and LESS scores (r = .562, P = .029). No other significant correlations were observed for MVIC, AMT, or MEP for the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius, regardless of limb.Conclusions:The findings suggest a moderate relationship between dominant gluteus maximus corticospinal excitability and a clinical measure of jump-landing biomechanics. Further research is required to substantiate the findings and expand our understanding of the central nervous system’s role in athletic movement.

scholarly journals Ten months of temporal variation in the clinical journey of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: an observational cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

There is potentially considerable variation in the nature and duration of the care provided to hospitalised patients during an ongoing infectious disease epidemic or pandemic. Improvements in care and clinician confidence may shorten the time spent as an inpatient, or the need for admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) or high density unit (HDU), while novel treatment modalities may reduce the time course of illness. On the other hand, limited resources at times of high demand may lead to rationing of resources, with less beneficial consequences. Despite little evidence on how the values of such variables change over the course of a crisis (such as the current COVID-19 pandemic), they may nevertheless be used as proxies for disease severity, outcome measures for clinical trials, and to inform planning and logistics. In this study, we investigate such time trends in an extremely large international cohort of 142,540 patients with symptom onset of, or hospital admission for, COVID-19 during 2020. The variables investigated are time from symptom onset to hospital admission, probability of ICU/HDU admission, time from hospital admission to ICU/HDU admission, case fatality ratio (CFR) and total length of hospital stay. Time from hospital symptom onset to hospital admission showed a rapid decline during the first months of the pandemic followed by peaks during August/September and December. ICU/HDU admission was more frequent from June to August, while there were only modest time trends in time from hospital admission to ICU/HDU. The CFR was lowest from June to August, a trend mostly driven by patients with no ICU/HDU admission. Raw numbers for overall hospital stay showed little overall variation over the time period, but further examination reveals a clear decline in time to discharge for ICU/HDU survivors. Our results establish that variables of these kinds have limitations when used as outcome measures in a rapidly-evolving situation.

scholarly journals Influence of the noradrenergic system on the formation of intrusive memories in women: an experimental approach with a trauma film paradigm

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2523-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rombold ◽  
K. Wingenfeld ◽  
B. Renneberg ◽  
J. Hellmann-Regen ◽  
C. Otte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Before And After

BackgroundIntrusive memories of traumatic events are a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder but little is known about the neurobiological formation of intrusions. The aim of this study was to determine whether the activity of the noradrenergic system during an intrusion-inducing stressor would influence subsequent intrusive memories.MethodWe conducted an experimental, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 118 healthy women. Participants received a single dose of either 10 mg yohimbine, stimulating noradrenergic activity, or 0.15 mg clonidine, inhibiting noradrenergic activity, or placebo. Subsequently, they watched an established trauma film which induced intrusions. The number of consecutive intrusions resulting from the trauma film, the vividness of the intrusions, and the degree of distress evoked by the intrusions were assessed during the following 4 days. Salivary cortisol and α-amylase were collected before and after the trauma film.ResultsA significant time × treatment interaction for the number of intrusions and the vividness of intrusions indicated a different time course of intrusions depending on treatment. Post-hoc tests revealed a delayed decrease of intrusions and a delayed decrease of intrusion vividness after the trauma film in the yohimbine group compared with the clonidine and placebo groups. Furthermore, after yohimbine administration, a significant increase in salivary cortisol levels was observed during the trauma film.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that pharmacological activation of the noradrenergic system during an emotionally negative event makes an impact on consecutive intrusive memories and their vividness in healthy women. The noradrenergic system seems to be involved in the formation of intrusive memories.

scholarly journals Translational Value of Skilled Reaching Assessment in Clinical and Preclinical Studies on Motor Recovery After Stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110050
Author(s):  
Eline C. C. van Lieshout ◽  
Julia Boonzaier ◽  
Adam J. Pel ◽  
Caroline L. van Heijningen ◽  
Jord J. Vink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Subacute Stage ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Skilled Reaching

Background Assessment of skilled reaching enables extensive analysis of upper limb function in clinical and preclinical studies on poststroke outcome. However, translational research if often limited by lack of correspondence between tests of human and rodent motor function. Objectives To determine (1) the translational value of skilled reaching performance for preclinical research by comparing the behavioral recovery profiles of skilled reaching characteristics between humans and rats recovering from stroke and (2) the relationship between skilled reaching performance and commonly used clinical outcome measures after stroke. Methods Twelve patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and 17 rats with photothrombotic stroke underwent an equivalent skilled reaching test at different time points, representing early to late subacute stages poststroke. Success scores and a movement element rating scale were used to measure the skilled reaching performance. The Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) assessment and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) were used as clinical outcome measures. Results Both species had muscle flaccidity at the early subacute stage after stroke and showed motor recovery following a proximal-distal principle toward the early subacute stage, albeit for rats within a shorter time course. Human skilled reaching scores and FM-UE and ARAT scores in the first 3 months poststroke were significantly correlated ( P < .05). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that poststroke changes in skilled reaching performance are highly similar between rats and humans and correspond with standard clinical outcome measures. Skilled reaching testing therefore offers an effective and highly translational means for assessment of motor recovery in experimental and clinical stroke settings.

Lower Leg Cold Immersion Does Not Impair Dynamic Stability in Healthy Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Miniello ◽  
Geoffrey Dover ◽  
Michael Powers ◽  
Mark Tillman ◽  
Erik Wikstrom
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Time To Stabilization ◽  
Cold Immersion

Context:Previous studies have suggested that cryotherapy affects neuromuscu-lar function and therefore might impair dynamic stability. If cryotherapy affects dynamic stability, clinicians might alter their decisions regarding returning athletes to play immediately after treatment.Objective:To assess the effects of lower leg cold immersion on muscle activity and dynamic stability of the lower extremity.Design:Within-subject time-series design with 1 pretest and 2 posttests.Setting:A climate-controlled biomechanics laboratory.Participants:17 healthy women.Interventions:20-minute cold-water immersion.Main Outcome Measures:Preparatory and reactive electromyographic activity of the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus and time to stabilization after a jump landing.Results:Preparatory activity of the tibialis anterior increased after treatment, whereas preparatory and reactive peroneus longus activity decreased. Both returned to baseline after a 5-minute recovery. Time to stabilization did not change.Conclusions:Lower leg cold-immersion therapy does not impair dynamic stability in healthy women during a jump-landing task. Return to participation after a cryotherapy treatment is not contraindicated for healthy athletes.

scholarly journals Changes in Passive Properties of the Gastrocnemius Muscle–Tendon Unit During a 4-Week Routine Static-Stretching Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Tome Ikezoe ◽  
Hiroki Umegaki ◽  
Takuya Kobayashi ◽  
Satoru Nishishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Passive Torque ◽  
Joint Range

Context:Static stretching (SS) is commonly performed in a warm-up routine to increase joint range of motion (ROM) and to decrease muscle stiffness. However, the time course of changes in ankle-dorsiflexion (DF) ROM and muscle stiffness during a routine SS program is unclear.Objective:To investigate changes in ankle-DF ROM, passive torque at DF ROM, and muscle stiffness during a routine SS program performed 3 times weekly for 4 wk.Design:A quasi-randomized controlled-trial design.Participants:The subjects comprised 24 male volunteers (age 23.8 ± 2.3 y, height 172.0 ± 4.3 cm, body mass 63.1 ± 4.5 kg) randomly assigned to either a group performing a 4-wk stretching program (SS group) or a control group.Main Outcome Measures:DF ROM, passive torque, and muscle stiffness were measured during passive ankle dorsiflexion in both groups using a dynamometer and ultrasonography once weekly during the 4-wk intervention period.Results:In the SS group, DF ROM and passive torque at DF ROM significantly increased after 2, 3, and 4 wk compared with the initial measurements. Muscle stiffness also decreased significantly after 3 and 4 wk in the SS group. However, there were no significant changes in the control group.Conclusions:Based on these results, the SS program effectively increased DF ROM and decreased muscle stiffness. Furthermore, an SS program of more than 2 wk duration effectively increased DF ROM and changed the stretch tolerance, and an SS program more than 3 wk in duration effectively decreased muscle stiffness.

Computer-assisted Self-infusion of Ethanol (case): New Outcome Measures may Contain Unseful Information

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
I. Mick ◽  
S. O’Connor ◽  
V. Vitvitsky ◽  
M.H. Plawecki ◽  
K.F. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alcohol Effects ◽  
Familial Alcoholism

Oral alcohol self-administration studies limit the range of arterial blood alcohol concentrations (aBAC) due to the combination of IRB-constraints on the maximum aBAC allowed and substantial variability in idiosyncratic enteral absorption. 25 healthy young adults participated in a preliminary assessment of the influence of familial alcoholism on alcohol self-administration using CASE. CASE automates the i.v. infusion of 6% ethanol, using an individualized kinetic model to achieve identical incremental aBAC in all subjects.In two CASE sessions, the subject was instructed to request infused “drinks” in order to emulate his/her perceptions of alcohol effects obtained at a weekend party. Conventional outcome measures all correlated closely with each other, so we evaluated the basic shape of the time course of aBAC achieved and the latency to peak aBAC (Tpk).Tpk correlated with maximum aBAC on the 1st (p= 0.029), but not 2nd session. Further, Tpk did not correlate with mean aBAC on either day, but did correlate well with the number of drink requests on both days (p< 0.001). In 33 out of 47 experiments, subjects achieved and maintained stable plateaus of aBAC for at least 30 minutes during the self-infusion. Both latency to peak aBAC and the shape of the subject’s preferred time course of aBAC may represent informative new ways of examining styles of alcohol self-administration of alcohol using CASE. The additions may enrich studies of the influence of factors such as familial alcoholism on the vulnerability for alcohol future alcohol dependence.

Ultrastructural Changes of the Symbiotic Chlorella-Like Alga Isolated from Hydra Viridis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
K.W. Lee ◽  
R.H. Meints ◽  
D. Kuczmarski ◽  
J.L. Van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Cell Recognition ◽  
Green Hydra ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Hydra Viridis

The physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural aspects of the symbiotic relationship between the Chlorella-like algae and the hydra have been intensively investigated. Reciprocal cross-transfer of the Chlorellalike algae between different strains of green hydra provide a system for the study of cell recognition. However, our attempts to culture the algae free of the host hydra of the Florida strain, Hydra viridis, have been consistently unsuccessful. We were, therefore, prompted to examine the isolated algae at the ultrastructural level on a time course.

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