scholarly journals The Value of Constitutional Values: An Exploratory Study of the Constitutions of India and Bavaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Christian Alexander Bauer ◽  
Harald J Bolsinger
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Globalized World

This article is an attempt to understand “Bounds of Ethics in a Globalized World”, the hiatus between principles, norms and values and how they are codified on the one hand and the risks that follow when the actualisations of regulative principles fail in political reality on the other hand. Considering the political, economic and social reality, it is frequently diagnosed that reality is lagging far behind the potential of constitutionally guaranteed rights and duties. A variety of constitutionally guaranteed values suffers from devaluation. Taking examples from Bavaria in Germany, questions concerning whether the Bavarian society is at the borders of ethical capacities, or whether the limits of possible ethical regulation have been reached are dealt with. Important parallels in the genesis of the Bavarian and the Indian constitution are highlighted in this context. Through an understanding of the ideas of Ludwig Erhard, a pragmatic approach and an innovative model is proposed for cultivating values in a sustainable way. The importance of values of virtues is discussed and an emphasis is put on the importance of practiced virtues.

Tribal associations, tribal solidarity, and tribal chauvinism in a Kenya town

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tamarkin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

From a close analysis of African activities and actions in the Kenyan town of Nakuru from the 19205 to the 1960s, it is argued that living in towns tended to consolidate the identities of tribal groups and to exacerbate their differences. Contrasts between the urban responses of the Kikuyu, on the one hand, and the Western Kenyan tribes, the Luo and the Abaluhya, on the other, are analysed, and are related to differences in the tribal structures and in the political, economic and social changes that were taking place in their rural areas. By the early 1960s, the stage was set for open political competition between tribal groups.

Diversified Architectural Model: Chinese-and-Western Architectural Style of Residences in Ancient Town of Nanxun

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Xin Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Aesthetic Taste ◽  
Architectural Model ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Opening Up

On the one hand, the opening up of the trading ports in the late 19th century has blocked the way of independent development of national capitalism, but on the other hand, it also exploited a vast market for the development of national capitalism, and promoted its own development. Zhejiang silk traders took this opportunity to go abroad for accepting foreign cultures and new ideas which were also reflected on the architectures. Their residences have broken the styles of the Chinese traditional architectures which are made of wood, stone, pantile, etc. and blended the western architectural culture elements in the roof form and facade material of the buildings. With Chinese style outside and western style inside, with elegance outside and dominance inside, the residences mainly make a perfect combination of Chinese pattern and western pattern. Based on the political, economic and social climate of the time, this article seeks the design features and aesthetic taste of Chinese and Western architectures.

Leibowitz, Yeshayahu (1903–94)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Israeli Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
The One ◽  
State Of Israel

Unlike the major intellectual currents that shaped religious thought in the modern world, Leibowitz’s thought is deeply anchored in the Israeli context. Both as philosopher and activist, Leibowitz lived and articulated the paradoxes of modern Israel where he lived and was best known. His reputation as a Socratic gadfly to the establishment reflected his ongoing critique of both Israeli society in the light of Judaism, and Judaism in the light of the revolutionary implications of the creation of the State of Israel. On the one hand, he was a Jewish patriot, a fighter for Jewish independence from all forms of foreign rule; on the other hand, he was a harsh, relentless critic of national and political expressions of chauvinism in the Israeli establishment. A strictly observant Jew, Leibowitz had less impact on traditional religious Jews than on secular Israelis. His central message is that what makes Jews distinctive as a group is neither their theology nor their Bible, but the system of law with which they regulate their lives. Judaism is a communal concept, and there is no point in religious Jews ignoring the State of Israel, or expecting others to bear their civil burdens for them. Religious law has to be reconciled with life in the political reality of the state, and this necessitates changing those attitudes to the law which reflect the historical conditions of life in exile.

scholarly journals Den filosofiske politiker – Frederik den Store og statsræsonen

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Mathias Hein Jessen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Reason Of State ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Thinker

Frederick the Great (ruled 1740-86) is one of the main figures of Enlightened Absolutism. Frederic was on the one hand an enlightened philosopher deeply inspired by the ideals of the Enlightenment. On the other hand he ruled one of the most autocratic states in history and commanded the strongest and most disciplined military force of his time. Despite his many writings, however, Frederick is rarely investigated as a political thinker. The article focuses on the political writings of Frederick the Great and more specifically on his use of the concept of reason of state to legitimize his rule, not least with regard to his enlightened ideals. In this struggle for legitimacy, Frederick abolishes the concept of a personal ruler, and in doing so becomes a fascinating figure in the transition from a personalized government to the abstract, depersonalized concept of the state that still dominates our political reality today.

scholarly journals Absolute Certainty and Political Ideology: A Systematic Test of Curvilinearity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H Costello
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Absolute Certainty ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The One

The present investigation examined curvilinear relations between left-right political ideology, on the one hand, and absolute certainty and dogmatism, on the other, across six community samples (N = 2889). Ideological extremists were more likely than others to be absolutely certain: about 1 in 3 extremists reported being absolutely (i.e., 100%) certain of the correctness of their political beliefs, whereas about 1 in 15 non-extremists reported being absolutely certain. Although absolute political certainty was relatively symmetrical across the political left and right, conservatives tended to report greater domain-general dogmatism than liberals. Extremism effects for domain-general dogmatism were also present, however, such that Socialists and extreme conservatives demonstrated similar levels of dogmatism. Taken together, these findings underscore the complexity of relations between absolute certainty, dogmatism, and ideology, ultimately challenging the sufficiency of contemporary psychological accounts of ideological a/symmetries to describe our complex political reality.

scholarly journals A consultation by Andrea Alciato on the laws of war

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-140
Author(s):  
James Mearns
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
Charles V ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Ius Commune ◽  
The One ◽  
The Town

In 1550, Andrea Alciato wrote a consilium concerning a case in the Reichskammergericht, one of the so–called Reformationsprozesse, between Henry II (the Younger), Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, on the one hand, and the town of Goslar, together with the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League on the other. In the first question of this consilium, Alciato argues in favour of the Emperor’s legislative supremacy over the Reichskammer­gericht. In three other questions, he uses feudal law along with the ius commune. Alciato concludes that the Duke’s lands belong to the victors, that his children cannot be deprived of their father’s fiefs and that the League is under an obligation to sequester these. It can be seen that Alciato is legitimating the absolutism of Charles V and that some of his sources are cited for their authoritative nature rather than because they correspond with the political reality.


Fair Trade Music?: Ethical Consumerism and the Political Economy of Digital Music

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethical Consumerism ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter explores how the music creators group Fair Trade Music International (FTMI) applies the ethos and methods of Fair Trade in attempts to reform how, and how much, music creators are paid for digital music sales. The term “Fair Trade” has since the 1980s become synonymous with “ethical consumerism,” a set of ideals and practices that seek to mitigate the deleterious effects of “unethical” capitalism. Yet the overall effects of “ethical consumerism” itself are debatable: on the one hand, it often improves the material conditions of producers, especially in the “global south.” On the other hand, it does so within—and therefore reinforces—the existing political-economic structures that produce what it seeks to mitigate. How does this paradox manifest in the context of digital music sales?

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Q. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Vietnamese Studies

The Introduction gives the background of the significance of translating and study of the text Errors of the Three Religions. The history of the development of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism in Vietnam from their beginning until the eighteenth century is narrated. Particular attention is given to the different manners in which the Three Religions were taken up by nobles and literati, on the one hand, and commoners, on the other. The chapter also presents the pragmatic approach to religion taken by the Vietnamese, which was in part responsible for the receptivity of the Vietnamese to Christianity. The significance of the discovery of Errors and its impact on Vietnamese studies are also discussed.

Getting Over Athens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Wiater
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Model ◽  
Dionysius Of Halicarnassus ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the ambivalent image of Classical Athens in Dionysius of Halicarnassus’ Roman Antiquities. This image reflects a deep-seated ambiguity of Dionysius’ Classicist ideology: on the one hand, there is no question for Dionysius that Athenocentric Hellenicity failed, and that the Roman empire has superseded Athens’ role once and for all as the political and cultural centre of the oikoumene. On the other, Dionysius accepted Rome’s supremacy as legitimate partly because he believed (and wanted his readers to believe) her to be the legitimate heir of Classical Athens and Classical Athenian civic ideology. As a result, Dionysius develops a new model of Hellenicity for Roman Greeks loyal to the new political and cultural centre of Rome. This new model of Greek identity incorporates and builds on Classical Athenian ideals, institutions, and culture, but also supersedes them.

‘There shall be no musical servitude’: Towards a Multitudinous Shostakovich in the West

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-505
Author(s):  
EIRINI DIAMANTOULI
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War

Ideologically motivated attempts to elucidate Shostakovich’s political views and to determine whether and how they may be coded into his compositions have come to characterize the Western reception of the composer’s works since his death in 1975. Fuelled by the political oppositions of the cold war, Shostakovich’s posthumous reputation in the West has been largely shaped by two conflicting perspectives. These have positioned him on the one hand as a secret dissident, bent and broken under the unbearable strain of totalitarianism, made heroic through his veiled musical resistance to Communism; and on the other hand as a composer compromised by his capitulation to the regime – represented in an anachronistic musical style. Both perspectives surrender Shostakovich and his music to a crude oversimplification driven by vested political interests. Western listeners thus conditioned are primed to hear either the coded dissidence of a tragic victim of Communist brutality or the sinister submission of a ‘loyal son of the Communist Party’.1 For those prepared to accept Shostakovich as a ‘tragic victim’, the publication of his purported memoirs in 1979, ‘as related to and edited by’ the author Solomon Volkov, presents a tantalizing conclusion: bitterly yet discreetly scornful of the Stalinist regime, Shostakovich was indeed a secret dissident and this dissidence was made tangible in his music.

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