Fair Trade Music?: Ethical Consumerism and the Political Economy of Digital Music

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethical Consumerism ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter explores how the music creators group Fair Trade Music International (FTMI) applies the ethos and methods of Fair Trade in attempts to reform how, and how much, music creators are paid for digital music sales. The term “Fair Trade” has since the 1980s become synonymous with “ethical consumerism,” a set of ideals and practices that seek to mitigate the deleterious effects of “unethical” capitalism. Yet the overall effects of “ethical consumerism” itself are debatable: on the one hand, it often improves the material conditions of producers, especially in the “global south.” On the other hand, it does so within—and therefore reinforces—the existing political-economic structures that produce what it seeks to mitigate. How does this paradox manifest in the context of digital music sales?

Tribal associations, tribal solidarity, and tribal chauvinism in a Kenya town

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tamarkin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

From a close analysis of African activities and actions in the Kenyan town of Nakuru from the 19205 to the 1960s, it is argued that living in towns tended to consolidate the identities of tribal groups and to exacerbate their differences. Contrasts between the urban responses of the Kikuyu, on the one hand, and the Western Kenyan tribes, the Luo and the Abaluhya, on the other, are analysed, and are related to differences in the tribal structures and in the political, economic and social changes that were taking place in their rural areas. By the early 1960s, the stage was set for open political competition between tribal groups.

Critical legal studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilios Christodoulidis ◽  
Johan van der Walt
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Critical Legal Theory ◽  
The One

This chapter traces the tradition of critical theory in Europe in the way it has informed and framed legal thought. A key, and distinctive, element of this legal tradition is that it characteristically connects to the state as constitutive reference; in other words it understands the institution of law as that which organizes and mediates the relation of the state to civil society. The other constitutive reference is political economy, a reference that typically grounds this tradition of thinking about the law in the materiality of the practices of social production and reproduction. It is in these connections, of the institution of law to the domains of the state and of the political economy, that critical legal theory locates the function of law, and the emancipatory potentially it affords on the one hand, and the obstacles to emancipation it imposes, on the other.

Peru: the Political Economy of an Intermediate Regime

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. K. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Intermediate Regime ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Any attempt to define the changes in the Peruvian political economy that have taken place since 1968 1 must be made in terms of the relationship between the state and domestic capital on the one hand and foreign capital on the other, and must offer an explanation of the way in which this military- controlled state has tended to replace the former and establish a new relationship with the latter. In particular, the confrontation between the government and foreign capital, and the significance of internal ownership reforms cannot be understood without reference to the development of Peruvian capitalism before 1968.

Diversified Architectural Model: Chinese-and-Western Architectural Style of Residences in Ancient Town of Nanxun

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Xin Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Aesthetic Taste ◽  
Architectural Model ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Opening Up

On the one hand, the opening up of the trading ports in the late 19th century has blocked the way of independent development of national capitalism, but on the other hand, it also exploited a vast market for the development of national capitalism, and promoted its own development. Zhejiang silk traders took this opportunity to go abroad for accepting foreign cultures and new ideas which were also reflected on the architectures. Their residences have broken the styles of the Chinese traditional architectures which are made of wood, stone, pantile, etc. and blended the western architectural culture elements in the roof form and facade material of the buildings. With Chinese style outside and western style inside, with elegance outside and dominance inside, the residences mainly make a perfect combination of Chinese pattern and western pattern. Based on the political, economic and social climate of the time, this article seeks the design features and aesthetic taste of Chinese and Western architectures.

scholarly journals The Value of Constitutional Values: An Exploratory Study of the Constitutions of India and Bavaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Christian Alexander Bauer ◽  
Harald J Bolsinger
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Globalized World

This article is an attempt to understand “Bounds of Ethics in a Globalized World”, the hiatus between principles, norms and values and how they are codified on the one hand and the risks that follow when the actualisations of regulative principles fail in political reality on the other hand. Considering the political, economic and social reality, it is frequently diagnosed that reality is lagging far behind the potential of constitutionally guaranteed rights and duties. A variety of constitutionally guaranteed values suffers from devaluation. Taking examples from Bavaria in Germany, questions concerning whether the Bavarian society is at the borders of ethical capacities, or whether the limits of possible ethical regulation have been reached are dealt with. Important parallels in the genesis of the Bavarian and the Indian constitution are highlighted in this context. Through an understanding of the ideas of Ludwig Erhard, a pragmatic approach and an innovative model is proposed for cultivating values in a sustainable way. The importance of values of virtues is discussed and an emphasis is put on the importance of practiced virtues.

The marginalization of the Arab language in social science: Structural constraints and dependency by choice

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Hanafi ◽  
Rigas Arvanitis
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims at questioning the relationship between Arab social research and language by arguing that many factors including the political economy of publication, globalization, internationalization and commodification of higher education have marginalized peripheral languages such as Arabic. The authors demonstrate, on the one hand, that this marginalization is not necessarily structurally inevitable but indicates dependency by choice, and, on the other hand, how globalization has reinforced the English language hegemony. This article uses the results of a questionnaire survey about the use of references in PhD and Master’s theses. The survey, which was answered by 165 persons, targeted those who hold a Master’s or PhD degree from any university in the Arab world or who have dealt with a topic related to the Arab world, no matter in which discipline.

scholarly journals On the Birth of Economic Science During the Italian-Scottish Enlightenment: Two Paradigms Compared

2021 ◽  
Vol 12(48) (2) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Stefano Zamagni
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Present Epoch ◽  
Civil Economy ◽  
The One

The essay pursues a double aim. On the one hand, it offers a comparative analysis of the two main economic paradigms of the Enlightment period, i.e. the political economy one, associated with the name of Adam Smith, and thecivil economy one, associated to the name of Antonio Genovesi. On the other hand, it gives reasons why, in the last quarter of a century, the civil economy paradigm is gaining more and more grounds. The paper ends up with some considerations on the major drawbacks of libertarian individualism in the present epoch.

scholarly journals Making exit costly but efficient: the political economy of exit clauses and secession

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Martijn Huysmans ◽  
Christophe Crombez
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article presents a political economic analysis of exit from federations. After the federation has formed, members’ benefits from it may be different than expected. If a member ends up not benefitting, it may wish to secede i.e. exit the federation. Based on formal models, we show how state-contingent exit penalties can induce socially efficient exit decisions: they force the secessionist member to take into account the lost benefits of the federation for the other. Even if ex-ante specified exit penalties cannot be made state-contingent, they may still enhance social welfare by preventing forceful exit. Empirical evidence concerning Montenegro, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and the EU is compatible with these claims. In spite of the simplifications inherent to any modeling exercise, we hope that our results stimulate more research into exit clauses as a means to mitigate the problem of violent secessionism.

Surplus-Population and the Political Economy of Fear

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-905
Author(s):  
Siyaves Azeri
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The One ◽  
Surplus Population ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Fear, of which the fear of death is a variation, can be analysed in its relation to forms of societies. Pertaining to Marx’s concept of ‘surplus-population’ and his analysis of the capitalist law of population, it is argued that the main source of anxiety and fear in capitalist society is the fear of life, which is expressed in the form of fear of the dead and of monsters. Capital posits the identity of every human individual through its law of population. What humans fear the most is the life that they live, which turns them into walking dead. Human’s fear of life is twofold: on the one hand, she fears from being posited a zombie, a piece within the pile of human trash, that is, the surplus-population; on the other hand, she is scared of the dead, capital the spectre, which vampire-like sucks upon living labour.

The Rise and Fall of the Medical Gaze: The Political Economy of Immigrant Medical Inspection in Modern America

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Fairchild
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Medical Gaze ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Politics Of Race ◽  
The One

ArgumentIn this paper I examine the mass medical inspections of immigrants to the United States from the 1890s through the 1920s. I show how, framed as it was not only by nativism and eugenics but also by national industrial imperatives and priorities, scientific medicine served dual purposes. On the one hand, the medical exam was a tool for managing cultural and biological threats to the nation. There were regional variations in medical inspections that reflected the politics of race. On the other hand, the medical exam played an important role in the process of building an unskilled, highly mobile labor force. The industrial demands of the nation provided a rationale for drawing and absorbing millions of European immigrants into the labor force. It was thus a distinct product of the political economy of immigration. It was this second function that characterized the exam for the majority of immigrants entering the nation.

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