scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS WAYS OF MAIN SOIL TREATMENT ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY DURING SPRING BARLEY CULTIVATION IN ZAVOLZHYE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Галина Марковская ◽  
Galina Markovskaya ◽  
Ольга Чугунова ◽  
Olga Chugunova
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga

The aim of the research is to increase the spring barley productivity via the use of various methods of soil treatment, affecting its enzymatic activity, in conditions of the middle Volga region insufficient moisture. The possibilities of minimizing soil tillage for barley in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region of the Samara region are consid-ered. The studies were conducted in two crop rotations on the experimental fields of the Samara state agricultural Academy Department of «Agriculture, soil management, agro-chemicals and land registry» Samara state agricul-tural Academy in 2005-2008. The following variants of main soil tillage were studied: 20-22 cm; depth tilling; 10-12 cm; loosening; zero plowing. The average soil samples were taken from the experimental field from all variants of tillage in triplicate during two periods: in the seedlings and after harvesting. Samples were taken from different depths: 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm, crushed and sieved through a metal sieve. Soil-ecological monitoring is aimed at tracking changes occurring in the soil under the influence of various anthropogenic loads. The dependence of the total soil biogenicity on the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was revealed. It was found that microbiota was more active in relation to pure steam during the year with a low HTC, as well as during the year with a higher HTC on the background of sideral steam. The mostly spread enzymes characteristic of the vast majority of soil microflora-catalase, invertase, urease – were studied for obtaining better understanding of the total enzymatic activity of the soil. No significant influence of the main treatment methods on the activity of the enzyme catalase and invertase was found, but as for the spread of urease within the soil layers it was revealed: the increase in the activity of the enzyme in the upper soil layer ranging in 0-10 cm and a decrease in its activity with the depth increase was ob-served with the fall of the mechanical load. The use of green manure steam in crop rotation contributed to an in-crease in the number of soil microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOIL CULTIVATION METHODS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF POTATOES OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE IN MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Константин Владимиров ◽  
Konstantin Vladimirov ◽  
Владимир Владимиров ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirov ◽  
Антонина Мостякова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Middle Volga

The reaction of new early ripening potatoes of Molly, Red Scarlett and Kolette varieties on the main processing of gray forest soil in the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region was studied. The aim of the work is to determine the effectiveness of different soil treatment options. The work was performed on the experimental field of Kazan SAU in 2012-2015. The dumping of plowing at a depth of 20-22 cm was compared with a non-spinning loosening of 26-28 cm and processing of a BDP by 18-20 cm. It was established in the course of research that, without spilling, Molly’s variety, on an average for four years, yielded 36.29 tons per hectare, with the dumping of plowing 35.89 tons per hectare. In similar variants, Red Scarlett formed the yields of 38.66 and 37.96 tons per hectare, and the grade of Kolette - 34.29 and 35.84 tons per hectare. With all methods of soil treatment, more starch contained potato tubers of the Kolette variety. Depending on the variant of soil cultivation, it was 13.73-14.13% in tubers of this variety. Less starch (12.83-13.20%) contained tubers of the Molly variety. Vitamin C and protein was more contained in the tubers of the Red Scarlett variety.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Ol'ga Mullayanova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Traits For Breeding

The work was carried out in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Samara region. The purpose of the research is to conduct study samples of collection nursery of various ecological and geographical origins and identify new sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the forest – steppe of the Middle Volga region. The material for research was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat, including 108 foreign varieties and hybrids and 244 domestic samples of breeding institutions of the Russian Federation. Meteorological conditions during the research years were quite severe, and vegetation took place in arid and acutely arid conditions (hydrothermal coefficient in 2018 – 0.51, in 2019 – 0.48, with a long-term value in the region of 0.73). The greatest variability over the years of research was observed in the indicators of grain yield of samples (Сv=23.9...27.5 %) and plants height (Сv=10.8...12.9 %). According to the research results, 30 new genetic sources of economically valuable traits of spring soft wheat were identified. Sources of precocity (period of shoots-earing 35...37 days): Uralskaya kukushka, Chelyaba rannyaya, Tyumenskaya 25, Lutescens 70, Odeta, Libertina, Chi Mai, Long Fu 7, M83-1551. Sources of short stems (plants height 40...45 cm): KWS Torridon, KWS Jetstream, Florens, Eleganza, Long Fu 13. Sources of consistently high productivity (grain yield 415...554 g/m2, and the yield increase over the standard 71...210 g/m2): Erythrospermum 4089, Grekum 5523, Lutescens 6029, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Lutescens 6102/1-32, Lutescens 6102/1-34 Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, Ekada 214, Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 105, Lebedushka, Saratovskaya 73. Sources of high protein content (15.4...16.7 %) and gluten (36.0...42.0 %) in grain: Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

scholarly journals VARIETAL DIFFERENTIATION OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT BY MATURITY GROUPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
N.N. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Maturity Groups

In wheat selection, the earring period is a fairly reliable criterion for determining the ripeness group of the variety. The aim of the research was to determine the maturity groups of winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the middle Volga forest-steppe. 18 varieties of winter soft wheat included in the State register of selection achievements for the middle Volga region of Russia were used for research in machine seeding.102 varieties originating from 11 countries were used in manual seeding. It is established that the intra-and intervariental change of the date of winter soft wheat earning is weak and moderate. The share of genotype (variety) influence in the variability of the duration of the growing season of winter soft wheat is 56.1 %, the year conditions-4.4 %, and the “genotype-year” interaction-36.5 %. Among the assortment of winter soft wheat of domestic selection, 54% of varieties showed themselves to be medium – ripe, 24% – medium-early, 10% - medium-late. The late-maturing, early-maturing, and ultra-early-maturing groups only included single varieties in certain years. Among the studied assortment of the world wheat collection late maturity had variety of Germany, the earliness and medium early– wheat of China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia, medium maturing varieties of the Siberian region of the country. Wheat of different groups of ripeness were represented by varieties of Ukraine. The ultra-early and late-maturing varieties of foreign selection selected in the study are valuable as a source material for the selection of soft wheat for the duration of the growing season in the middle Volga forest-steppe.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROMINERAL MICROFERTILIZING MIXTURE APPLICATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRID

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Denis Potapov ◽  
Ramis Saniev ◽  
Vasiliy Vasin ◽  
Aleksey Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Middle Volga

The work presents the results of studies for 2017-2019, aimed at developing methods for increasing the productivity of sunflower hybrids cultivated according to the Clearfield system when using the microfertilizing mixture Agromineral in the forest-steppe zone of Middle Volga region. The results of the studies showed that the safety of plants at the time of harvesting is up to 91.8%; the maximum safety is achieved when processing crops by vegetation with Agromineral microfertilizing mixture at a dose of 3 l/ha. The leaf area increased until the budding phase, reaching a maximum of 99.2 thousand m2/ha, on a mid-season hybrid when processing crops with a dose of 3 l/ha, and then, due to drying of the lower leaves, it begins to decrease to the phase of the onset of flowering to 37.8 ... 57.9 thousand m2/ha. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential is formed by crops of the mid-season hybrid 8N477KLDM - 4.781 million m2/ha days. The use of fertilizers and micronutrient mixtures increases its value and, as a result, increases productivity by 9.09 ... 9.36 kg/ha with an absolute indicator of 27.2 ... 33.2 kg/ha.

Development and Harmfulness of the Pea Weevil, Bruchus pisorum (L.), in the Forest-Steppe of the Middle Volga Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-597
Author(s):  
V. G. Kaplin ◽  
A. I. Katyuk ◽  
V. G. Vasin ◽  
O. A. Belousova ◽  
A. V. Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Bruchus Pisorum
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