scholarly journals Offsets in the geomagnetic indices of the magnetospheric ring current

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Georgy Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Ring Current ◽  
Magnetic Disturbance ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Geomagnetic Indices ◽  
Asymmetric Component ◽  
Different Levels

The paper considers changes in the daily average values of the Dst, SYM-H, ASY-H, and ASY-D indices and their dependence on the level of magnetic disturbance for the period 1981–2016. These indices are geomagnetic characteristics of the magnetospheric ring current. It has been established that the indices of the asymmetric component of the ring current ASY-H and ASY-D during relatively magnetically quiet periods are not equal to zero. The values of the offsets in the dependences of the ASY-H and ASY-D indices on the level of magnetic disturbance have been determined. The behavior of the index of the degree of symmetry of the ring current, the ratio SYM-H / ASY-H, is analyzed during the year at different levels of disturbance. This ratio has been found to grow in absolute value with increasing disturbance and to exceed 1 at large disturbances (at Dst <–50).

scholarly journals Offsets in the geomagnetic indices of the magnetospheric ring current

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Georgy Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Ring Current ◽  
Magnetic Disturbance ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Geomagnetic Indices ◽  
Asymmetric Component ◽  
Different Levels

The paper considers changes in the daily average values of the Dst, SYM-H, ASY-H, and ASY-D indices and their dependence on the level of magnetic disturbance for the period 1981–2016. These indices are geomagnetic characteristics of the magnetospheric ring current. It has been established that the indices of the asymmetric component of the ring current ASY-H and ASY-D during relatively magnetically quiet periods are not equal to zero. The values of the offsets in the dependences of the ASY-H and ASY-D indices on the level of magnetic disturbance have been determined. The behavior of the index of the degree of symmetry of the ring current, the ratio SYM-H / ASY-H, is analyzed during the year at different levels of disturbance. This ratio has been found to grow in absolute value with increasing disturbance and to exceed 1 at large disturbances (at Dst <–50).

scholarly journals The impact of IFRS-based accounting standards on earnings management: evidence from Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yosra Makni Fourati ◽  
Rania Chakroun Ghorbel
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Earning Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

This study aims to examine the consequences of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence in an emerging market. More specifically, we investigate whether the adoption of the new set of accounting standards in Malaysia is associated with lower earnings management. Using a sample of 3,340 firm-year observations across three reporting periods with different levels of IFRS adoption, we provide evidence that IFRS convergence improves earning quality. In particular, we find a significant decrease in the absolute value of discretionary acccruals in the partial IFRS-convergence period (2007-2011), whereas this effect is restrictive after the complete IFRS- implementation.

Realtime geomagnetic indices for mid-latitudes. MID-R, MID-E, MID-U and MID-L

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Guerrero ◽  
Elena Saiz ◽  
Consuelo Cid
Keyword(s):  
Ring Current ◽  
Current System ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Ionospheric Current ◽  
Disturbance Index ◽  
Geomagnetic Indices ◽  
Ionospheric Current System ◽  
Operational Space ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
The University

&lt;p&gt;Mid latitudes around 40 degree are influenced by effects typically found at both high and low latitudes. Moreover, the focus of the Solar Quiet ionospheric current system, drifts around these mid-latitudes. Consequently they have been considered as a complicated place to infer the geospace state from the ground and also complicated for practical procedures to generate geomagnetic indices.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;The procedure designed at the University of Alcala specially focused on removing solar regular variations at mid-latitudes is delivering a geomagnetic Local Disturbance index (LDi) in realtime. The same procedure can be used to produce global geomagnetic indices when applied to several geomagnetic stations at these latitudes.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;We present in this work the high-resolution (one minute) realtime production of ring current and auroral indices (MID-R, MID-E, MID-U and MID-L) similar to the well known Dst and AE indices for mid-latitudes which will help in the understanding of the complex physical processes that emerge at these latitudes. At the same time they fill a gap in the current operational space weather products available for these latitudes.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals GEOMETRIC FACTOR IN SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF DAILY AVERAGE VALUES OF THE GEOMAGNETIC INDEX Dst

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Georgy Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Ring Current ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Geomagnetic Index ◽  
Dst Index ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
Semiannual Variation

The work uses data on the geomagnetic index Dst for the period 1966–2015. Under quiet conditions, the occurrence of seasonal variations of the daily average Dst index depends on geometric factors of the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere; and under disturbed conditions, on the development of a partial ring current in the magnetosphere. At large negative values of the Dst index, there is no seasonal variation in it. The imperfection of the network of Dst stations is assumed to lead to the formation of annual variation in Dst. The formation of a semiannual variation is associated with the movement of the plasma sheet relative to the plane of the geomagnetic equator during the annual rotation of Earth around the Sun. Based on the data on semiannual variations in the number of days n(Dst), the critical daily average value of the geomagnetic index Dst is determined, starting from which we can speak of disturbed days: Dst≤–24 nT.

scholarly journals The effect of raw soybean in the final mixtures for broilers on the conformation measures and share of major carcass parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Veselin Petricevic ◽  
Milos Lukic ◽  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic ◽  
Vladimir Doskovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Different Levels

The experiment of the supstitution of soybean meal with raw soybean in the final diet was carried out on Hubbard F15 chickens at the age of 35- 42 days. The effect of different levels and varieties of raw soybeans in diets on carcass conformation and share of major carcass parts was determined in a twofactorial experiment 2 x 5 (2 soybean varieties x 5 levels of raw grains in the mixture), ie a total of 10 dietery treatments. At the end of the trial, by a random sample method, 12 chickens (6 males and 6 females) from each group were sacrificed and examined. The results showed that the index of drumstick girth and share of drumstick were under significant (p<0.05) influence of the soybean varieties. The level of raw soybeans in diets had significant effect (p <0.05) on the index of drumstick girth and on the absolute value of the breast depth and breast angle. Shares of breast and thighs of broiler chickens of both sexes were not significantly influenced by the studied factors. It was concluded that the share of raw soybean of 10, 15 and 20% in the final mixtures for broilers hinders the utilization of protein in the ration, resulting in poorer quality of chicken carcasses.

Sequence-Modification in Copoly(ester-Imide)s: A Catalytic/supramolecular Approach to Writing/reading Copolymer Sequence-Information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Knappert ◽  
Howard Colquhoun
Keyword(s):  
Ring Current ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Ester Interchange ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Sequence Exchange ◽  
Supramolecular Complexation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sequence Modification ◽  
Interchange Reactions

Catalytic ester-interchange reactions, analogous to mutation and recombination, allow new sequence-information to be written, statistically, into NDI-based poly(ester-imide) chains. Thus, insertion of the cyclic ester cyclopentadecanolide ("exaltolide") into an NDI-based homopolymer, and quantitative sequence-exchange between two different homopoly(ester-imide)s, are catalysed by di-<i>n</i>-butyl tin(IV) oxide. Emerging sequences are identified at the triplet and quintet levels by <sup>1</sup>H NMR analysis, using supramolecular complexation of pyrene-<i>d</i><sub>10</sub> at the NDI residues to amplify the separation of resonances associated with different sequences. In such systems, pyrene is able to act as a "reader-molecule" by generating different levels of ring-current shielding from the different patterns of supramolecular binding to all the NDI-centred sequences of a given length.

scholarly journals Storm-time longitudinally propagating asymmetric modes at low latitudes

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
A. K. Sinha ◽  
R. Rajaram ◽  
B. M. Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Local Time ◽  
Ring Current ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Asymmetric Component ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Magnetometer Data ◽  
Current Region ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

Abstract. The westward flowing toroidal ring current at about 2–7 RE in the Earth's equatorial plane consists of symmetric and asymmetric parts. Zonal mean of H disturbances from longitudinally distributed low latitude stations represents the symmetric contribution, whereas departure from the zonal mean gives local time dependent asymmetric component at each of the stations. Through a standard analysis of closely spaced low latitude geomagnetic data we demonstrate 24 h periodicity in the asymmetric component of the storm-time ring current, which is related to the changing local time due to rotation of the Earth. Detailed examination of shorter period oscillations, when observed globally, often show westward propagating modes. Eastward propagating mode was also observed in one case. Based on satellite and radar observations covering a narrow longitude region, westward and eastward propagating modes had been reported in earlier studies. In this study, we report that similar propagating modes which are available on global scale, can be identified using ground-based magnetometer data. These globally propagating modes, observed from ground-based studies, find obvious practical application in diagnostics of the magnetosphere, especially the ring current region. Simultaneous use of satellite and ground-based data should establish the morphology of such modes.

scholarly journals Properties of the F2-layer maximum density variability over Irkutsk under different levels of the solar and geomagnetic activity

10.12737/6558 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Марат Деминов ◽  
Marat Deminov ◽  
Галина Деминова ◽  
Galina Deminova ◽  
Гелий Жеребцов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Solar Activity Level ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Layer Maximum ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
General Dispersion ◽  
Different Levels

Using hourly data (1958–1992) from Irkutsk ionosonde station, we analyzed properties of variability of the F2-layer maximum density, Nm, under different levels of the solar and geomagnetic activity. The standard deviation s(x) of Nm fluctuations relative to the quiet level (x=(Nm/Nm0–1)·100 %), and the average shift of these fluctuations x-ave were used as characteristics of this variability. For this purpose, the empirical model of the F2-layer maximum density for quiet magnetic conditions, Nm0, was constructed. The Nm variability was found to depend weakly on the solar activity level; in the first approximation, this dependence can be neglected. The Nm variability dependence on geomagnetic activity is among the principal ones, along with the dependences on local time and season. In general, dispersion of Nm fluctuations under quiet conditions is smaller than that during the periods of high geomagnetic activity. During the periods of high geomagnetic activity, however, the dispersion does not increase with the further growth of this activity, while the absolute value of shift x-ave (which is mainly negative under high geomagnetic activity) still increases with growing geomagnetic activity. As a result, if this activity is high enough, the condition |x-ave|&#62;|s(x)| can be fulfilled.

scholarly journals Is There a Relation between Changes in Osmolarity of Cherry Fruit Flesh or Skin and Fruit Cracking Susceptibility?

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Moing ◽  
Christel Renaud ◽  
Hélène Christmann ◽  
Lydie Fouilhaux ◽  
Yves Tauzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Compositional Gradients ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Different Levels

Rain-induced fruit cracking is a limiting factor for sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growers in many production areas. Although many studies have concerned this complex phenomenon, the basic mechanisms involved in fruit cracking remain unclear. We re-examined the relations between osmotic potential and cracking susceptibility in cherry fruit by comparing the osmotic contribution of the major metabolites separately in flesh and skin, in four cultivars (with different levels of susceptibility to cracking) at four stages of development. Several differences were observed between flesh and skin revealing compositional gradients in the fruit tissues. Acidity and malate concentrations were higher in flesh than in skin for all stages. The absolute value of osmotic potential was higher but the contribution of the sum of sugars to osmotic potential was lower in flesh than in skin. As determined using fruit immersion test, `Fermina' and `Regina' were less susceptible to fruit cracking than `Lapins' and `Brooks'. At commercial maturity when fruit susceptibility to cracking was highest, no clear difference appeared between `Brooks' and `Lapins' compared to `Regina' and `Fermina' for flesh or skin osmolarity and for the contribution of the major sugars or organic acids to skin and flesh osmotic potential.

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