scholarly journals On the Regional Rootedness of Population Mobility and Environmental Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Hillmann ◽  
Ernst Spaan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Migration Systems ◽  
The Way

This article argues that the interplay of changing environmental conditions in the wake of climate change and dynamic migration systems will lead to even more clearly articulated new regional formations. The way regions perceive the risks of climate change, how they cope with and adapt to these risks and their constitution as resilient entities determines the way migration and mobility take place. We focus on the regional dimensions of climate change and broader related developmental trends such as urbanisation and will highlight this nexus for coastal regions. We present two regional case studies, Keta in Ghana and Semarang in Indonesia. Both cities have experienced floods and related environmental risks throughout their histories. The contrasting analysis of the two cases illustrates that similar environmental challenges may have very different effects on the migratory patterns. 

scholarly journals Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological time-keeping meets environmental change

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1765) ◽  
pp. 20130016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Helm ◽  
Rachel Ben-Shlomo ◽  
Michael J. Sheriff ◽  
Roelof A. Hut ◽  
Russell Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Biological Time ◽  
Annual Rhythms

Seasonal recurrence of biological processes (phenology) and its relationship to environmental change is recognized as being of key scientific and public concern, but its current study largely overlooks the extent to which phenology is based on biological time-keeping mechanisms. We highlight the relevance of physiological and neurobiological regulation for organisms’ responsiveness to environmental conditions. Focusing on avian and mammalian examples, we describe circannual rhythmicity of reproduction, migration and hibernation, and address responses of animals to photic and thermal conditions. Climate change and urbanization are used as urgent examples of anthropogenic influences that put biological timing systems under pressure. We furthermore propose that consideration of Homo sapiens as principally a ‘seasonal animal’ can inspire new perspectives for understanding medical and psychological problems.

scholarly journals An anthropological perspective on the climate change and violence relationship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jen Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Resource Uncertainty ◽  
Individual Choices

Purpose of Review: This review explores the complex climate change-violence relationship through an anthropological lens, focusing on the interacting social and environmental conditions that constrain individual choices for violence. Evidence and methods used by anthropologists to identify violent events, as well as anthropological theories regarding why individuals choose violence, are discussed. A general social-environmental model is presented and explored through four case studies, two archaeological and two ethnographic.Recent Findings: Recent research with historic and contemporary case studies suggests that resource uncertainty interacts with a complex array of pre-existing social and environmental conditions, including environmental degradation, poor governance, and social inequality, to promote violent responses both before and following climatic changes. Individuals may choose to avoid violence where supporting, cooperative mechanisms exist.Summary: Given that individuals make choices to respond violently or not based on their perceptions of these complex, interacting social and environmental conditions, violence in response to global climate change is not inevitable.

Migration Crises

2018 ◽  
pp. xxx-18
Author(s):  
Cecilia Menjívar ◽  
Marie Ruiz ◽  
Immanuel Ness
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Global Construction ◽  
The Media ◽  
Conceptual Explanations ◽  
Migrant Groups

This chapter introduces the two interrelated aspects of migration crises that animate this volume. It summarizes the range of historical, economic, social, political, and environmental conditions that generate migration crises around the globe which the contributions in the book address. The chapter challenges the term “crisis” as overused and normalized today, offers conceptual explanations of migration perceived as crisis, and questions the influence of nation-state ideologies as well as the reasons why some migrant groups are framed as crises and others are not, mainly based on ethnicity and economic arguments. Finally, the chapter introduces the wide variety of case studies from historical contexts, conflicts, climate change, transit countries, policy responses, the media, gender issues, as well as integration and multiculturalism to account for the global construction of migration crises.

Environmental Governance of the Arctic: Next Steps – Diverse, Compatible, Needed

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-243
Author(s):  
Joseph F.C. DiMento ◽  
Christine Schrottenbaum ◽  
Elizabeth Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Regime ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Legal Strategies

The urgency of applying effective legal strategies to respond to environmental change in the Arctic is ever more apparent. The existing framework for environmental governance has matured and its constituents are numerous, and many are promising. However, policymakers and other stakeholders contend that new approaches to confronting environmental conditions, including mitigation of climate change and adapting to it, are needed. Many ideas have been offered; they range considerably in their assessment of what changes are needed and by when. Here we briefly describe the cluster of constituents of environmental governance, the international environmental regime, of the Arctic; we briefly note newly recommended approaches; and we analyse two approaches we consider most promising. These, cooperative scientific-based management strategies and adversarial legal actions, are dissimilar – to the point that some policy makers consider them incompatible. We argue, however, that both are needed and we describe elements of their successful use.

scholarly journals DECISION MAKING AND ADAPTATION PROCESSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO SANDOVAL BUSTOS ◽  
◽  
SEBASTIÁN DIAZ VICUÑA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Knowledge Source ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
The Way

Abstract Climate change imposes certain challenges not only to ecosystems but to societies as well. The change in environmental conditions makes necessary to review the decision-making process related to adaptation to climate change. This review should consider future risks or current conditions of vulnerability through existing mechanisms in organizations or societies. From this analysis onwards, processes must be developed allowing, either to prepare the way to face expected future impacts or to decrease the current vulnerability regarding climate by creating more resilient systems. In this context, the role of the academy, as a knowledge source, results fundamentally. Nevertheless, this highlight the need to review and improve the communication processes from academy towards different interests groups by means of the co-production and strengthening of links among different society components.

Global environmental change I: Climate resilient peace?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

This report uses a critique of the ontology of research on climate change and armed conflict to advance a positive and performative account of the ways in which peace could be sustained and expanded through a changing climate. Focussing on research into the relationships between climate change and armed conflict and peace, it argues that recent debates about the effect of climate change on conflagrations stem from deeper assumptions about the way the world is and can be known. The report then builds an alternative framing of peace as a phenomenon that is resilient to climate change by layering knowledge about the conditions under which peace prevails through environmental change with that on environmental peace-building and on the intersections between resilience and security.

Dissolved oxygen and temperature best predict deep-sea fish community structure in the Gulf of California with climate change implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
ND Gallo ◽  
M Beckwith ◽  
CL Wei ◽  
LA Levin ◽  
L Kuhnz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Explained Variance

Natural gradient systems can be used to examine the vulnerability of deep-sea communities to climate change. The Gulf of California presents an ideal system for examining relationships between faunal patterns and environmental conditions of deep-sea communities because deep-sea conditions change from warm and oxygen-rich in the north to cold and severely hypoxic in the south. The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) remotely operated vehicle (ROV) ‘Doc Ricketts’ was used to conduct seafloor video transects at depths of ~200-1400 m in the northern, central, and southern Gulf. The community composition, density, and diversity of demersal fish assemblages were compared to environmental conditions. We tested the hypothesis that climate-relevant variables (temperature, oxygen, and primary production) have more explanatory power than static variables (latitude, depth, and benthic substrate) in explaining variation in fish community structure. Temperature best explained variance in density, while oxygen best explained variance in diversity and community composition. Both density and diversity declined with decreasing oxygen, but diversity declined at a higher oxygen threshold (~7 µmol kg-1). Remarkably, high-density fish communities were observed living under suboxic conditions (<5 µmol kg-1). Using an Earth systems global climate model forced under an RCP8.5 scenario, we found that by 2081-2100, the entire Gulf of California seafloor is expected to experience a mean temperature increase of 1.08 ± 1.07°C and modest deoxygenation. The projected changes in temperature and oxygen are expected to be accompanied by reduced diversity and related changes in deep-sea demersal fish communities.

Christianity and Sports: Religious Functionaries and Charismatic Prophets in Ghana Soccer

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-259
Author(s):  
J. Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Way

This paper examines the way in which, within an African religious and spiritual context, athletes – and in particular footballers of Ghana – employ religious functionaries and religious means from a variety of traditions in an attempt to achieve sporting success. Specific examples and case studies illustrate and contextualise this search. The connections of this mode of searching for success with traditional African views of causality and with a Pentecostalist/charismatic prosperity ethic are explored, and its consequences are assessed.

Loom weights in Archaic South Italy and Sicily: Fice case studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 123-155
Author(s):  
Hedvig Landenius Enegren
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Experimental Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Tool Technology

Textiles are perishables in the archaeological record unless specific environmental conditions are met. Fortunately, the textile tools used in their manufacture can provide a wealth of information and via experimental archaeology make visible to an extent what has been lost. The article presents and discusses the results obtained in a research project focused on textile tool technologies and identities in the context of settler and indigenous peoples, at select archaeological sites in South Italy and Sicily in the Archaic and Early Classical periods, with an emphasis on loom weights. Despite a common functional tool technology, the examined loom weights reveal an intriguing inter-site specificity, which, it is argued, is the result of hybrid expressions embedded in local traditions. Experimental archaeology testing is applied in the interpretation of the functional qualities of this common artefact.

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