scholarly journals History and Recent Advances in Microsurgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyokyung Yoo ◽  
Byung Jun Kim
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
The 1960S

Since the late 19th century, microsurgery has achieved many miracles in history of surgery. With the development of microsurgical instruments and techniques, especially the first operating microscope invented by Carl Zeiss in 1953, the limitations steadily decreased and finally reached a limitless level of today’s supermicrosurgery. The chronological history of microsurgery can be divided into four periods: the beginning period of the late 19th to early 20th century when the essential microsurgical tools and concepts were established; the successful replantation of amputated extremities in the 1960s; the development of various kinds of flap in the 1980s; and the fully-matured period of today. This article reviews the milestones in the history of microsurgery, evaluates the recent advances, as well as microsurgery in Korea.

Guillotine tonsillectomy: a glimpse into its history and current status in the United Kingdom

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 988-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mathews ◽  
J. Lancaster ◽  
I. Sherman ◽  
G. O. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of

Guillotine tonsillectomy was the widely practised technique of tonsillectomy in the late 19th century as it was considered a quick and reliable method of removing tonsils. It fell into disrepute in the early 20th century. This paper reviews the history of the origin of the tonsillotome and traces the various modifications over the last few centuries. The current practice of guillotine tonsillectomy is examined by means of a postal questionnaire surveyof all UK consultants.

scholarly journals Philological evidence for phonemic affricates and diachronic debuccalization in Early Terena (Arawak)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando O. de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of

Abstract This paper argues that early Terena (‘Guaná’) had a contrast between fricative and affricate consonants that has been lost in modern Terena. Evidence for this claim comes from the examination of late 19th century and early 20th century documents on the language. The existence of the relevant phonemic contrast is revealed not only by an analysis of the transcriptions employed in these early sources but, more importantly, by a demonstration that fricatives and affricates were treated differently in the history of the language. It is proposed that, after the early Terena voiceless fricatives were debuccalized, merging with early Terena h, the affricates started to include fricative realizations in their allophonic range. This scenario is consistent with descriptions of modern Terena that stress the ‘archaic’ character of affricate realizations of /ʃ/.

scholarly journals Points of convergence between logical empiricism and inductive metaphysics: Hans Reichenbach and Erich Becher in comparison

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Seide
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
External World ◽  
Logical Empiricism ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Hans Reichenbach

AbstractIn this paper, I take a closer look at Hans Reichenbach’s relation to metaphysics and work out some interesting parallels between his account and that of the proponents of inductive metaphysics, a tradition that emerged in the mid- and late 19th century and the early 20th century in Germany. It is in particular Hans Reichenbach’s conception of the relation between the natural sciences and metaphysics, as displayed in his treatment of the question of the existence of the external world, that shows some very interesting similarities with inductive metaphysics. By a comparison with the position of the inductive metaphysician Erich Becher and his handling of the problem of realism, I work out the parallels between Reichenbach’s program and inductive metaphysics. I come to the conclusion that while there are certainly some respects in which Reichenbach’s logical empiricism is closer to the positions of the representatives of the Vienna Circle, it turns out that with regard to his views on metaphysics there is a greater affinity with the program of inductive metaphysics.

scholarly journals JOAQUÍN COSTA I REGENERACJA HISZPANII

2018 ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Dominika Gołaszewska-Rusinowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Late 19Th Century

This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.  

scholarly journals The Birth and Death of the Russian House in the Priargun’ie Three Rivers Region, People’s Republic of China (1)

Folklorica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Klyaus
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Three Rivers Region ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
Over Time

This article considers the remnants of Russian ritual practices surrounding houses in the Priangun’ie region of China. This region was populated by Russians from the late 19th century on. A large group of immigrants (Russian, Tungus and Buriat) immigrated there from the Transbaikal region of Russia after the establishment of Soviet rule in the early 20th century. The paper examines what remains of Russian traditional practices, how they have been blended with native Chinese traditions, and adapted over time to reflect intermarriage between people of Chinese or Tungus and Russian descent.

Diagramming Practice and Performance

10.1068/d51j ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek P McCormack
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rhythmic Movement ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
And Performance

In this paper I seek to apprehend some of the powers of nonrepresentational practice and performance through an encounter with the rhythmic movement of the body. I concentrate on eurhythmics, a practice that emerged in Geneva in the late 19th century and early 20th century as an effort to improve musical appreciation through rhythmic movement. Drawing on work in cultural and architectural theory, I argue that the historical and cultural geographies of eurhythmics can best be apprehended diagrammatically. Specifically, I situate eurhythmics in diagrammatic relation to the corporeal kinaesthetics of rhythmic movement, to practices of social and cultural transformation, and to architectures of performative potential. By apprehending the geographies of eurhythmics in this way, I not only work to demonstrate that nonrepresentational styles of thinking and working multiply rather than undermine the field of power in which geographers move, but also present a sense of how these powers can become implicated in the very practice and performance of geographical research.

Samuel Greene

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-314
Author(s):  
Alan M. Perlman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Short History ◽  
Transformational Theory ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
History Of

Summary In his studies of the structure of the English language, Samuel Green, a 19th-century grammarian and educator, made extensive use of paraphrase as a descriptive device. This paper argues that in doing so, Greene anticipated some of the methods and concepts of early transformational theory — and even some of the transformations themselves. It first presents a short history of the concept “transformation”, then discusses the transformations in four of Greene’s works. Greene’s use of transformations follows plausibly from his view of language, as is shown by excerpts from the prefaces to his books. Greene’s status as a transformationalist is then reconsidered with reference to the characteristics of transformations as inferred in the early part of this paper. Comparisons with other 19th- and early 20th-century grammarians demonstrate that Greene was unusual in his concern for underlying meaning and in his use of process in linguistic description.

Oceanography, but not As A Profession: Its Status in Greece During the Late 19th and the Early 20th Centuries

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Vlahakis
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Systematic Character

Although oceanography in Greece reached international standards only recently, it has its origins as an independent scientific practice in the late 19th century due to the work of Andreas Miaoulis, a brilliant officer of the Hellenic Navy who cooperated with the English admiral Arthur Mansel for the solution of the Euripus problem. During the early 20th century oceanographic studies took a more systematic character under the supervision of the Hellenic Thalassographic Committee and several reports and books were published before World War II, which interrupted the evolution of oceanography in Greece.

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