scholarly journals La ontología del imaginario: una aproximación bachelardiana a sus estructuras en diálogo con Goethe y Gilbert Durand.

2021 ◽  
pp. 359-382
Author(s):  
Arturo Martínez Moreno
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  

Sabemos que la imaginación es la facultad de representar un objeto en la intuición incluso cuando este no está presente. Intuimos que la imaginación está en la base de todo conocimiento a priori, que media entre la sensibilidad y el entendimiento, o que recoge la información dada por la intuición para hacer una síntesis con ella que posibilite el conocimiento, pero ignoramos el alcance de sus funciones simbólicas y la relación que estos caracteres puedan mantener con el imaginario. En este estudio pondremos en relación la filosofía de la imaginación en Gaston Bachelard con los planteamientos de Goethe y Gilbert Durand

Téssera ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
José Francisco Da Silva Filho

Para desarrollar este artículo nos respaldamos en la psicología arquetipal y, fundamentalmente, en las obras de James Hillman, su principal representante. Nuestro objetivo con este trabajo es reexaminar su pensamiento y revisar en sus textos las ideas fundamentales que giran alrededor de las imágenes míticas y oníricas, las cuales representan un distanciamiento de los estrechos modelos racionales y tradicionales aún vigentes.  Elegimos a priori algunas direcciones teóricas de la mitopoética para orientar esa investigación sobre las imágenes, así que vamos a dar énfasis también a autores como Mircea Eliade, Ernst Cassirer y Gaston Bachelard que abordan este tema desde una perspectiva más mítico-simbólica.


Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Orozco C

En su introducción a la “Filosofía del No”, Gaston Bachelard sostiene que “... lafilosofía de las ciencias permanece demasiado a menudo acantonada en las dosextremidades del saber: en el estudio de los principios demasiado generales por parte delos filósofos, y en el estudio de los resultados demasiado particulares por parte de loscientíficos. La filosofía de la ciencia se agota contra los dos obstáculos epistemológicos1contrarios que limitan todo pensamiento: lo general y lo inmediato. Valoriza a veces lo apriori, a veces lo a posteriori, desconociendo las transmutaciones de valores epistemológicosentre lo a priori y lo a posteriori, entre los valores experimentales y los valoresracionales, transmutaciones que el pensamiento científico contemporáneo opera sincesar.”2. Mutatis mutandi, podríamos sostener similares “observaciones” con respecto a laHistoria de las ciencias.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Tairone Lima de Sousa ◽  
André Ferrer Pinto Martins

ResumoA epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard critica as formas tradicionais de ensino ao entender a educação com o sentido de formação, defendendo uma formação permanente dos sujeitos. Esse sentido de formação, no pensamento bachelardiano, percorre as duas vertentes da sua obra – a científi ca e a poética – ressaltando a impreterível necessidade da vivência do real e do irreal para a formação do sujeito. É por um processo copioso de desiludir-se, retifi car os erros e afastar os obstáculos que Bachelard entende a formação permanente do homem, que nunca se apresenta a priori objetivo, mas com um passado de erros retifi cados. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as contribuições da epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard para o campo da educação, destacando a ideia de uma pedagogia científi ca no ensino como fundamento para o desenvolvimento e a formação de um novo espírito científi co, contrapondo-se às formas tradicionais de ensino. Para tanto, situamos o pensamento de Gaston Bachelard dentro do contexto acadêmico-fi losófi co-cultural francês, apontando os principais conceitos de sua epistemologia, e analisamos as contribuições do pensamento bachelardiano para o campo da educação, sinalizando o porquê da necessidade de uma pedagogia nova no ensino, defendida pelo autor. Esse estudo parte do pressuposto de que a epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard tem um “fundo pedagógico” ainda pouco explorado, expresso quando o autor destaca o “aspecto pedagógico” que as noções científi cas carregam. É uma pesquisa de natureza teórica sobre a obra do fi lósofo francês, assumindo a forma de uma pesquisa bibliográfi ca.Palavras-chave: Gaston Bachelard. Pedagogia Científica. Formação.Gas ton Bachelard and education: for a pedagogy of formationAbstractThe epistemology of Gaston Bachelard criticizes the traditional forms of teaching by understanding education as formation, defending a permanent formation of the subjects. This sense of formation in bachelardian thought runs along the two strands of his work - scientific and poetic - emphasizing the imperative need to experience the real and the unreal for the formation of the subject. It is by a copious process of disillusion, rectification of errors, and removal of obstacles that Bachelard understands the permanent formation of man, which never presents itself a priori objective, but with a past of rectified errors. In this context, the present work aims to evaluate the contributions of Gaston Bachelard’s epistemology to the field of education, highlighting the idea of a scientific pedagogy in teaching as a foundation for the development and the formation of a new scientific spirit, opposing to the traditional forms of teaching. To this end, we situate Gaston Bachelard’s thought within the French academic-philosophical-cultural context, pointing out the main concepts of his epistemology, and analyzing the contributions of bachelardian thought to the field of education, indicating the need for a new pedagogy in the teaching, defended by the author. This study assumes that the epistemology of Gaston Bachelard has a “pedagogical background” still unexplored, expressed when the author highlights the “pedagogical aspect” that scientific notions encompass. It is a theoretical research on the work of the French philosopher, taking the form of a bibliographical research.Keywords: Gaston Bachelard. Scientific pedagogy. Formation.Gaston Bachelard y la educación: por una pedagogía de la formaciónResumenLa epistemología de Gaston Bachelard critica las formas tradicionales de enseñanza al entender la educación como formación y defender la formación permanente de los sujetos. Ese sentido de formación, en el pensamiento bachelerdiano, presenta las dos vertientes de su obra (poética y científica) destacándose la indiscutible necesidad de la vivencia, de lo real y lo irreal, para la formación del individuo. Bachelard entiende la formación permanente del hombre como un proceso de mucha desilusión, rectificación de errores y superación obstáculos, en el que nunca se presenta el objetivo a priori. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general investigar las contribuciones de la epistemología de Gaston Bachelard en el campo de la educación, resaltando la idea de una pedagogía científica como fundamento del proceso de enseñanza para la formación y desarrollo de un nuevo espíritu científico, en contra parte a las formas tradicionales de enseñanza. Entre los objetivos específicos está ubicar la línea de pensamiento de Gaston Bachelard en el contexto académico-filosófico-cultural francés e investigar los conceptos principales de la epistemología de Gaston Bachelard analizando sus contribuciones en el campo de la educación, además de esclarecer el porqué de la necesidad de una pedagogía nueva que el autor defiende. Este trabajo está fundamentado en que la epistemología de Gaston Bachelard tiene un “fondo pedagógico” que todavía no fue suficientemente investigado, lo que queda claro cuando el autor expone el “aspecto pedagógico” del conocimiento científico. Es una investigación de tipo teórica sobre la obra del filósofo francés, por lo que puede ser considerada una revisión bibliográfica.Palabras clave: Gaston Bachelard. Pedagogía Científica. Formación.


Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.


Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352


Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1671-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Project Match Research Group
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  

Diagnostica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Troche ◽  
Beatrice Rammstedt ◽  
Thomas Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  

Zusammenfassung. Der zunehmende Einsatz computergestützter diagnostischer Verfahren führt zwangsläufig zur Frage nach der Äquivalenz zwischen konventionellen Papier-Bleistift-Versionen und entsprechenden Computertranspositionen. Zur Überprüfung der Äquivalenz zwischen der computergestützten Version des Leistungsprüfsystems (LPS) im Hogrefe Testsystem und der Papier-Bleistift-Version wurden 131 Versuchspersonen mit beiden Verfahren getestet. Heterogene Ergebnisse zwischen der Papier-Bleistift- und der Computerversion belegen, dass nicht a priori von der Äquivalenz beider Versionen ausgegangen werden kann, und weisen nachdrücklich auf die Notwendigkeit systematischer Äquivalenzprüfungen hin. Eine an Hand einer zweiten Stichprobe von 40 Testpersonen durchgeführte Überprüfung der Retest-Reliabilität der computergestützten Version des LPS ergab für ein Retest-Intervall von zwei Wochen Reliabilitätskoeffizienten zwischen rtt = 0.55 und rtt = 0.94. In der Diskussion werden mögliche Gründe für die Nicht-Äquivalenz der beiden LPS-Versionen identifiziert.


Author(s):  
Mariëlle Stel ◽  
Rick B. van Baaren ◽  
Jim Blascovich ◽  
Eric van Dijk ◽  
Cade McCall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  

Mimicry and prosocial feelings are generally thought to be positively related. However, the conditions under which mimicry and liking are related largely remain unspecified. We advance this specification by examining the relationship between mimicry and liking more thoroughly. In two experiments, we manipulated an individual’s a priori liking for another and investigated whether it influenced mimicry of that person. Our experiments demonstrate that in the presence of a reason to like a target, automatic mimicry is increased. However, mimicry did not decrease when disliking a target. These studies provide further evidence of a link between mimicry and liking and extend previous research by showing that a certain level of mimicry even occurs when mimicry behavior is inconsistent with one’s goals or motivations.


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