Relationship between biomechanical and psychophysiological indicators and performance in a vertical mountain race

In order to know the relationship between biomechanical and psychophysiological indicators, as well as the possible pre-post psychophysiological differences and the use of poles in the uphill performance on mountain runners, we performed a prospective and descriptive study of one vertical mountain race. Thus, it was analysed biomechanical (speed and strength/power manifestations) and psychophysiological variables (lactate, heart rate and subjective perception of fatigue) with a total of nine (n = 9) experienced runners divided into groups to use (n = 4) or not (n = 5) poles during the race. Nonparametric analyses were performed to observe the correlations between variables, the differences between groups and the differences between the psychophysiological values before and after the test. The results do not present significant (p < 0.05) differences or correlations of performance between those that used poles or not. There are significant differences between the psychophysiological variables pre and post, in addition they show correlations of performance (final time and relation of time with the first classified) with higher mean and maximum heart rate, as well as a lower lactate accumulation. It is concluded that a better performance in a mountain vertical race is associated to higher physiological efficiency but not to greater strength and power jump manifestations in trained runners.

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Cycling as a mode of transport for people over 30 years old on a mountainous town

Libro de Actas CIT2016. XII Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte ◽

10.4995/cit2016.2016.2263 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Luiza Maciel

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Active Transportation ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Before And After ◽

Physical Abilities ◽

Physiological Impact ◽

Mode Of Transport ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between active transportation and its role in health of population motivated the continuation of a pilot study evaluating the use of bicycles in a mountain town. The objective was to evaluate people over 30 years old, with different physical abilities, in a predefined route and check if the relief was impediment. The studied divided the riders into 2 groups: active and sedentary. It was performed a comparison of the physiological impact (heart rate, blood pressure) and a subjective perception (modified Borg's scale), ranking the degrees of difficulty during route stretches. The participants filled in a form before and after the course. Most sedentary participants, despite having greater difficulty and reaching higher heart rates on certain stretches, managed to make the trip. It suggests that the current technology of the bike allows people less physically conditioned to be able to use the bike in mountain cities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2263

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Indices of Heart Rate Variability and Performance During a Response-Conflict Task Are Differently Associated With ADHD and Autism

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054720972793 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108705472097279

Author(s):

Alessio Bellato ◽

Iti Arora ◽

Puja Kochhar ◽

Chris Hollis ◽

Madeleine J. Groom

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Response Conflict ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Conflict Task ◽

Accurate Performance ◽

And Performance ◽

Comorbid Adhd ◽

The Relationship

We investigated autonomic arousal, attention and response conflict, in ADHD and autism. Heart rate variability (HRV), and behavioral/electrophysiological indices of performance, were recorded during a task with low and high levels of response conflict in 78 children/adolescents (7–15 years old) with ADHD, autism, comorbid ADHD+autism, or neurotypical. ANOVA models were used to investigate effects of ADHD and autism, while a mediation model was tested to clarify the relationship between ADHD and slower performance. Slower and less accurate performance characterized ADHD and autism; however, atypical electrophysiological indices differently characterized these conditions. The relationship between ADHD and slower task performance was mediated by reduced HRV in response to the cue stimulus. Autonomic hypo-arousal and difficulties in mobilizing energetic resources in response to sensory information (associated with ADHD), and atypical electrophysiological indices of information processing (associated with autism), might negatively affect cognitive performance in those with ADHD+autism.

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Arterial baroreflex resetting mediates postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and heart rate

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.5.h1627 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 275 (5) ◽

pp. H1627-H1634 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Margaret P. Chandler ◽

David W. Rodenbaugh ◽

Stephen E. DiCarlo

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Operating Point ◽

Arterial Baroreflex ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Single Bout ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship

We tested the hypothesis that postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) are mediated by a lowering of the operating point and a reduction in the gain of the arterial baroreflex. To test this hypothesis, spontaneous changes in arterial pressure and the reflex responses of HR were examined before and after a single bout of mild to moderate dynamic exercise in 19 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 10 male and 9 female). Eleven SHR subjected to sinoaortic denervation (SAD) (6 male, 5 female) were also studied. All rats were instrumented with an arterial catheter for the measurement of arterial pressure and HR. After exercise, arterial pressure and HR were reduced below preexercise levels. Furthermore, the operating point and spontaneous gain (G) of the arterial baroreflex were reduced. Specifically, after exercise, the spontaneous range of HR (P1, 50%), the pressure at the midpoint of the pressure range (P3, 13%) and the HR at the midpoint of the HR range (H3, 10%), the spontaneous minimum HR (P4, 8%) and maximum HR (10%), and G (76%) were significantly attenuated. SAD significantly attenuated the relationship between arterial pressure and HR by reducing G (males 94%, females 95%). These results demonstrate that acute exercise resulted in a postexercise resetting of the operating point and a reduction in the gain of the arterial baroreflex. Furthermore, these data suggest that postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and HR are mediated by a lowering of the operating point of the arterial baroreflex.

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Effect of exercise conditioning on coronary resistance

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1982.53.3.631 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 631-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

I. Y. Liang ◽

H. L. Stone

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Aortic Pressure ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Atrial Pacing ◽

Adrenergic Blockade ◽

Coronary Resistance ◽

Implanted Electrodes ◽

Daily Exercise ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship

Diastolic coronary resistance (DCR) was determined in seven conscious dogs in the untrained state and after 4–5 wk of daily exercise conditioning (partial training). The conditioning regime consisted of treadmill running 5 days/wk. The dogs were instrumented to measure aortic pressure and left circumflex coronary flow during atrial pacing with implanted electrodes. Heart rate was varied from the resting value to 240 beats/min before and after adrenergic blockade with propranolol (beta B, 1 mg/kg) or phentolamine (alpha B, 1 mg/kg); myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was measured in three dogs under the same condition in both the untrained (UT) and partially trained (PT) condition. DCR decreased with increasing heart rate [from 4.75 +/- 0.56 (SE) to 2.48 +/- 0.22 Torr . ml-1 . min at 240 beats/min]; alpha B reduced DCR, whereas beta B increased DCR. In the PT condition, DCR decreased to 4.02 +/- 0.40 Torr . ml-1 . min at rest and was decreased to 1.82 +/- 0.16 Torr . ml-1 . min at 240 beats/min (P less than 0.05 compared with UT). alpha-Adrenergic and beta-adrenergic blockade in the PT condition resulted in parallel reduction in DCR compared with the UT condition. MVO2 was unaffected by either PT or adrenergic blockade but increased as heart rate increased with atrial pacing. These data suggest a change in caliber of the coronary resistance vessel because of the parallel shift in the relationship between DCR and heart rate.

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Contribution of BKCa channels to local metabolic coronary vasodilation: effects of metabolic syndrome

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00876.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 298 (3) ◽

pp. H966-H973 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Léna Borbouse ◽

Gregory M. Dick ◽

Gregory A. Payne ◽

Brittany D. Payne ◽

Mark C. Svendsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Atherogenic Diet ◽

Bkca Channels ◽

Selective Blockade ◽

Before And After ◽

Lactate Uptake ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

The Relationship

This investigation was designed to examine the hypothesis that impaired function of coronary microvascular large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels in metabolic syndrome (MetS) significantly attenuates the balance between myocardial oxygen delivery and metabolism at rest and during exercise-induced increases in myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇o2). Studies were conducted in conscious, chronically instrumented Ossabaw swine fed a normal maintenance diet (11% kcal from fat) or an excess calorie atherogenic diet (43% kcal from fat, 2% cholesterol, 20% kcal from fructose) that induces many common features of MetS. Data were collected under baseline/resting conditions and during graded treadmill exercise before and after selective blockade of BKCa channels with penitrem A (10 μg/kg iv). We found that the exercise-induced increases in blood pressure were significantly elevated in MetS swine. No differences in baseline cardiac function or heart rate were noted. Induction of MetS produced a parallel downward shift in the relationship between coronary venous Po2 and MV̇o2 ( P < 0.001) that was accompanied by a marked release of lactate (negative lactate uptake) as MV̇o2 was increased with exercise ( P < 0.005). Inhibition of BKCa channels with penitrem A did not significantly affect blood pressure, heart rate, or the relationship between coronary venous Po2 and MV̇o2 in lean or MetS swine. These data indicate that BKCa channels are not required for local metabolic control of coronary blood flow under physiological (lean) or pathophysiological (MetS) conditions. Therefore, diminished function of BKCa channels does not contribute to the impairment of myocardial oxygen-supply demand balance in MetS.

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Perceived Exertion and Metabolic Responses of Women during Aerobic Dance Exercise

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/003151259508100265 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 691-700

Author(s):

Sarah A. Schaefeer ◽

Lynn A. Darby ◽

Kathy D. Browder ◽

Brenda D. Reeves

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Metabolic Responses ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Aerobic Dance ◽

Partial Correlations ◽

Metabolic Variables ◽

Instructional Experience ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and metabolic responses was examined during aerobic dance exercise with combined arm and leg movements. 16 women with previous aerobic dance instructional experience performed three consecutive trials of 8 min. each of aerobic dance exercise at a cadence of 124 and 138 beats • min.-1 Estimates of RPE reported at the end of each trial were significantly different across the trials while heart rate and % maximum heart rate were significantly different between Trials 1 and 3. Correlations and partial correlations between RPE and all metabolic variables were not significant across trials and with trials combined except for ventilation. Results indicated that RPE should not be used singularly as an indicator of exercise intensity during aerobic dance exercise.

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Reproducibility of Physiological and Performance Measures from a Squash-Specific Fitness Test

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.4.1.41 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 41-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael Wilkinson ◽

Damon Leedale-Brown ◽

Edward M. Winter

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Lactate Threshold ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Performance Time ◽

Volitional Exhaustion ◽

And Performance

Purpose:We examined the reproducibility of performance and physiological responses on a squash-specific incremental test.Methods:Eight trained squash players habituated to procedures with two prior visits performed an incremental squash test to volitional exhaustion on two occasions 7 days apart. Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake ( Vo2) and heart rate were determined continuously using a portable telemetric system. Blood lactate concentration at the end of 4-min stages was assessed to determine lactate threshold. Once threshold was determined, test speed was increased every minute until volitional exhaustion for assessment of maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and performance time. Economy was taken as the 60-s mean of Vo2 in the final minute of the fourth stage (below lactate threshold for all participants). Typical error of measurement (TEM) with associated 90% confidence intervals, limits of agreement, paired sample t tests, and least products regression were used to assess the reproducibility of scores.Results:Performance time (TEM 27 s, 4%, 90% CI 19 to 49 s) Vo2max (TEM 2.4 mL·kg−1·min−1, 4.7%, 90% CI 1.7 to 4.3 mL·kg−1·min−1), maximum heart rate (TEM 2 beats·min−1, 1.3%, 90% CI 2 to 4 beats·min−1), and economy (TEM 1.6 mL·kg−1·min−1, 4.1%, 90% CI 1.1 to 2.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) were reproducible.Conclusions:The results suggest that endurance performance and physiological responses to a squash-specific fitness test are reproducible.

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Load monitoring on Pilates training: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

10.21203/rs.2.400/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Allysiê P. S. Cavina ◽

Eduardo Pizzo Junior ◽

Aryane Flauzino Machado ◽

Taise Mendes Biral ◽

Carlos Marcelo Pastre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Training Session ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Therapeutic Exercise ◽

Load Monitoring ◽

Before And After ◽

Pilates Method

Abstract Background: Currently there are campaigns to raise the awareness of the need to practice some physical exercise with several objectives, mainly as a preventive character. From this perspective, we can see the use of the Pilates method as an instrument of therapeutic exercise for the protection and promotion of health. However, despite being popularly performed, there is still no scientific evidence on the standardization of the use of the method and its progression to an adequate prescription of physical training. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop a protocol to monitor the progression of Pilates loads daily between the basic, intermediate and advanced levels, as well as to analyze the effect of the method on the psychometric, cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters. Methods: there will be a total of 36 sessions of Pilates mat for 32 healthy men. In each training session, initially, cardiorespiratory parameters, pain through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and a psychometric questionnaire will be collected for the volunteers. Heart rate (HR), subjective perception of effort (SPE), and RR intervals will be measured during the sessions for subsequent use to analyze the progression of the loads by monitoring the internal training load and heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. At the end of the sessions, cardiorespiratory parameters, the VAS, the psychometric questionnaire will be measured again and the participants will only be released after 15 minutes of rest for the final HR analysis and to re-respond to the PSE scale. Before and after the 36 sessions of training, participants will also be evaluated in relation to psychometric, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic parameters. Discussion: this study deserves to be highlighted as it is a parallel randomized clinical trial with standardization of training, with the purpose of monitoring the prescription of loads of the method, as well as verifying its efficacy in clinical, cardiorespiratory, and autonomic outcomes. The easy reproducibility of the protocol from its description, also improves the study, besides providing support for prescribing the method to the professionals involved.

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Quantitative Evaluation of the Circulatory Adjustment of Splenectomized Dogs to Hemorrhage

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1958.193.3.605 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 193 (3) ◽

pp. 605-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Shu Chien

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Blood Volume ◽

Sympathetic Activity ◽

Volume Reduction ◽

Fluid Replacement ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

Equal Importance ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

The Relationship

Controlled, single hemorrhages were carried out in splenectomized dogs (5–49% of blood volume) and sympathectomized-splenectomized dogs (5–32% of blood volume). A linear relationship exists between the degree of hemodilution and the amount of hemorrhage in both groups. Sympathetic activity aids in the fluid replacement after hemorrhage. In the sympathectomized-splenectomized dogs, the relationship between arterial pressure and blood volume reduction seems to be nonlinear. Arterial pressure of the splenectomized dogs does not decrease until blood volume reduction is more than 10%. Thereafter it decreases linearly with increasing volume reduction which is still compatible with life. In hemorrhages between 10 and 40% of blood volume, the roles played by sympathetic activity and hemodilution in the maintenance of arterial pressure are of about equal importance. The increase in heart rate after hemorrhage has S-shaped relationship to both blood volume reduction and arterial pressure decrease in dogs with or without sympathetic nervous system. The maximum heart rate displayed by sympathectomized dogs after hemorrhage (about 120 beats/min.) is much less than that of the dogs with sympathetic system intact (about 215 beats/min.). The activation of sympathetic activity is not fully achieved immediately after hemorrhage.

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