بنية الخطاب الإسلامي : دراسة في المضمون و الوظيفة = Islamic Discourse Structure : A Study in Content and Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 297-346
Author(s):  
أحمد محمد زايد
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Structure ◽  
And Function

STRUKTUR WACANA, MAKNA, DAN FUNGSI MAHALABIU (DISCOURSE STRUCTURES, MEANINGS, AND FUNCTIONS OF MAHALABIU)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Erlita Desriani Rustam Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Data Source ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstractDiscourse Structures, Meanings, and Functions of Mahalabiu. Mahalabiu is a discoursethat implies multiple (ambiguous), meaning the spoken utterances, usually the listenerto interpret the meaning or intent behind the words is another. Behavior mahalabiuBanjar is a common language behavior of the use meaningful phrases in order tooutwit new speaker. The purpose of this study was to describe the Discourse Structure,Meaning and Function mahalabiu. This type of research used in this study DiscourseStructure, Meaning and Function mahalabiu is descriptive research that intends toprovide an overview of data characteristics in accordance with nature itself. The methodused is descriptive method with qualitative approach to the data source in this study isa collection mahalabiu from an internet site and a thesis of Noorbaity (2004). Datacollection techniques in this study is to use observation techniques of text, data collectionobtained by collecting, reading and classify mahalabiu the structure, meaning andfunction. From the research, it can be concluded Discourse Structure is divided intotwo parts, namely the introduction and description mahalabiu. Then there are fourtypes in the distribution of meaning, namely (1) homonym, (2) homophones, (3) reductionof the phrase, and (4) comments do not match with the topic. Function mahalabiu fivefunctions, namely (1) functions as a joke / joke material, (2) a function that tests aperson’s intelligence, (3) the function of a satirical one, (4) functions as a tool to tell astate or occupation, and (5 ) function is a tool to educate children.Keywords: discourse structure, meaning, function, mahalabiuAbstrakStruktur Wacana, Makna, dan Fungsi Mahalabiu. Mahalabiu adalah wacana yangmengandung pengertian ganda (mendua), memiliki makna ujaran yang diucapkannya,biasanya si pendengar menafsirkan makna atau maksud lain dibalik ucapan tersebut.Perilaku mahalabiu adalah perilaku berbahasa Banjar yang umum karena adanyapenggunaan ungkapan-ungkapan yang bermakna baru dengan tujuan mengecoh lawanbicara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan Struktur Wacana, Maknadan Fungsi mahalabiu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian StrukturWacana, Makna, dan Fungsi mahalabiu ialah jenis penelitian deskriptif yang bermaksudmemberikan gambaran ciri-ciri data sesuai dengan sifat alamiah itu sendiri. Metodeyang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif Sumber datadalam penelitian ini adalah kumpulan mahalabiu dari sebuah situs internet dan sebuahtesis dari Noorbaity (2004). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalahdengan menggunakan teknik observasi teks, pengumpulan data diperoleh denganmengumpulkan, membaca dan mengklasifikasikan mahalabiu dengan struktur, maknadan fungsinya. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan Struktur Wacana dibagi atasdua bagian, yaitu Pengantar dan deskripsi mahalabiu. Kemudian ada empat jenis dalam112pembagian Makna, yakni (1) homonim, (2) homofon, (3) pengurangan frasa, dan (4)komen tidak serasi dengan topik. Fungsi mahalabiu ada lima fungsi, yakni (1) fungsisebagai gurauan/bahan bercanda, (2) fungsi yang menguji kepandaian seseorang,(3) fungsi yang menyindir seseorang, (4) fungsi sebagai alat untuk memberitahu suatukeadaan atau pekerjaan, dan (5) fungsi alat untuk mendidik anak.Kata-kata kunci: struktur wacana, makna, fungsi, mahalabiu

THE PETROGLYPHIC PRAYERS ON THE SUN STONE OF MOTECUHZOMA ILHUICAMINA

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hill Boone ◽  
Rochelle Collins
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
The Sun ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ritual Speech

AbstractThe Sun Stone of Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina is one of the major monuments revealed by excavations in and around the Aztec Templo Mayor since 1978. Featuring the sun disk on its top surface and the Mexica conquest of 11 enemy polities on its cylindrical sides, it is considered a gladiatorial stone, similar in both iconography and function to the later Stone of Tizoc. While Tizoc's stone locates its conquest scenes between earth and sky bands, this sun stone uniquely places its conquests between two bands of repeating motifs. The authors argue that these bands are extraordinary examples of pictographic texts that parallel and likely called forth ritual speech acts. The iconography and patterning of the motifs reveal the bands to be visual exhortations or prayers related to human sacrifice specifically associated with Tezcatlipoca. The complex pattern of the repeating motifs is rhythmic and reflects the discourse structure of Nahuatl high speech.

Comparing lexical bundles across the introduction, method and results sections of the research article

Corpora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesamoddin Shahriari
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Lexical Bundles ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Function

Despite the prolific amount of research into the discourse structure of the research article (RA), comparisons between the different sections of this important register have been extremely rare. This study is an attempt to analyse the structure and form of three main sections of the RA (i.e., Introduction, Method and Results) through examining the frequency, structure and function of lexical bundles found within each. By comparing the three sections, a better understanding of in-text linguistic variation (i.e., differences in the use of lexical bundles across the three sections) can be achieved. For this purpose, a corpus of 200 research articles in applied linguistics, segmented into the three sections noted above, was compiled. A list of four-word lexical bundles occurring at least thirty times per million words in the overall, one million-word corpus was made. Subsequently, each of the three sub-corpora was searched for any of the bundles on the list. The findings reveal the Results to be the most densely formulaic part of the RA, both in terms of the type/token frequency of bundles and the number of unique bundles that were not seen in any of the other sections. This section of the RA also included longer sequences of bundles than any other part. Structural and functional differences were also discovered among the three sections; some of these differences, especially in the distribution of various functional categories, indicated the existence of a close relationship between the discourse aims of a given section and the lexical bundles that are most characteristic of that part of the RA.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

The Effect of Oxidized Cholesterol on the Aorta of Rabbits- Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
S. K. Pena ◽  
C. B. Taylor ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
J. Safarik
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Oxidized Cholesterol ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Membrane Structure And Function ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Oxidized cholesterol derivatives have been demonstrated in various cell cultures to be very potent inhibitors of 3-hvdroxy-3- methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase which is a principle regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in the cell. The cholesterol content in the cells exposed to oxidized cholesterol was found to be markedly decreased. In aortic smooth muscle cells, the potency of this effect was closely related to the cytotoxicity of each derivative. Furthermore, due to the similarity of their molecular structure to that of cholesterol, these oxidized cholesterol derivatives might insert themselves into the cell membrane, alter membrane structure and function and eventually cause cell death. Arterial injury has been shown to be the initial event of atherosclerosis.

Ultrastructure of developing visual cortical synapses in the cat superior colliculus

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Miller ◽  
Laura L. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Cortical Area ◽  
Cortical Synapses ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
And Function ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cat Superior Colliculus

The first visual cortical axons arrive in the cat superior colliculus by the time of birth. Adultlike receptive fields develop slowly over several weeks following birth. The developing cortical axons go through a sequence of changes before acquiring their adultlike morphology and function. To determine how these axons interact with neurons in the colliculus, cortico-collicular axons were labeled with biocytin (an anterograde neuronal tracer) and studied with electron microscopy.Deeply anesthetized animals received 200-500 nl injections of biocytin (Sigma; 5% in phosphate buffer) in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortical area. After a 24 hr survival time, the animals were deeply anesthetized and perfused with 0.9% phosphate buffered saline followed by fixation with a solution of 1.25% glutaraldehyde and 1.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer. The brain was sectioned transversely on a vibratome at 50 μm. The tissue was processed immediately to visualize the biocytin.

Structural modifications of intercellular junctions.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
J. Metz ◽  
M. Merlo ◽  
W. G. Forssmann
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Cell Isolation ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽  
Pancreatic Cells ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
And Function

Structure and function of intercellular junctions were studied under the electronmicroscope using conventional thin sectioning and freeze-etch replicas. Alterations of tight and gap junctions were analyzed 1. of exocrine pancreatic cells under cell isolation conditions and pancreatic duct ligation and 2. of hepatocytes during extrahepatic cholestasis.During the different steps of cell isolation of exocrine pancreatic cells, gradual changes of tight and gap junctions were observed. Tight junctions, which formed belt-like structures around the apex of control acinar cells in situ, subsequently diminished, became interrupted and were concentrated into macular areas (Fig. 1). Aggregations of membrane associated particles, which looked similar to gap junctions, were intermixed within tight junctional areas (Fig. 1). These structures continously disappeared in the last stages of the isolation procedure. The intercellular junctions were finally separated without destroying the integrity of the cell membrane, which was confirmed with porcion yellow, lanthanum chloride and horse radish peroxidase.

Structural similarity of ribosomes from E. coli and A. salina

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
R.M. Wydro ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fine Carbon

Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein particles necessary for processing the genetic information of mRNA into proteins. Analogy in composition and function of ribosomes from diverse species, established by biochemical and biological assays, implies their structural similarity. Direct evidence obtained by electron microscopy seems to be of increasing relevance in understanding the structure of ribosomes and the mechanism of their role in protein synthesis.The extent of the structural homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes has been studied on ribosomes of Escherichia coli (E.c.) and Artemia salina (A.s.). Despite the established differences in size and in the amount and proportion of ribosomal proteins and RNAs both types of ribosomes show an overall similarity. The monosomes (stained with 0.5% aqueous uranyl acetate and deposited on a fine carbon support) appear in the electron micrographs as round particles with a diameter of approximately 225Å for the 70S E.c. (Fig. 1) and 260Å for the 80S A.s. monosome (Fig. 2).

The Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of the Vestibular Sensory Epithelia

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
D.J. Lim ◽  
W.C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vestibular Sensory Epithelia ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sand Piles ◽  
Active Investigation

The morphology and function of the vestibular sensory organs has been extensively studied during the last decade with the advent of electron microscopy and electrophysiology. The opening of the space age also accelerated active investigation in this area, since this organ is responsible for the sensation of balance and of linear, angular and gravitational acceleration.The vestibular sense organs are formed by the saccule, utricle and three ampullae of the semicircular canals. The maculae (sacculi and utriculi) have otolithic membranes on the top of the sensory epithelia. The otolithic membrane is formed by a layer of thick gelatin and sand-piles of calcium carbonate crystals (Fig.l).

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