scholarly journals A public health context for residual risk assessment and risk management under the clean air act.

1998 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 519-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Charnley ◽  
B D Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Clean Air

scholarly journals The Public Health Aspects of Environmental Enforcement

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Kundis Craig
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Clean Water Act ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Environmental Enforcement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clean Air

Beyond being an environmental concern, pollution is a public health problem. As a result, enforcement of anti-pollution statutes, such as the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act, not only protects the environment, but also furthers fundamental public health goals. Moreover, public health benefits provide politically salient arguments for continuing and even strengthening environmental protection that can counteract any political opposition that can arise as a result of the costs of environmental regulation and compliance to regulated entities and the taxpayers.Thus, it is worth examining the extent to which the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) considers the public health in its environmental enforcement priorities and decisions. Focusing on the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act, this Article undertakes such an examination by: (1) outlining the statutory connections between public health considerations and environmental regulation; (2) examining the EPA’s enforcement priorities and guidance; and (3) criticizing the EPA’s presentation of its own enforcement effectiveness over the last decade.This Article concludes that public health considerations do play a significant role in environmental enforcement policies and decisionmaking. However, the EPA’s commitment to presenting the public health benefits of its enforcement actions has varied considerably over the last decade. With the release of its FY2009 enforcement assessment, however, the EPA has both expanded its analysis of the connection between environmental pollution enforcement and public health benefits and created new tools to enhance the transparency of these benefits to the affected public.

Review of Various Approaches for Assessing Public Health Risks in Regulatory Decision Making: Choosing the Right Approach for the Problem†

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1428-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
KERRY L. DEARFIELD ◽  
KARIN HOELZER ◽  
JANELL R. KAUSE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Risk Managers ◽  
Management Issues

Stakeholders in the public health risk analysis community can possess differing opinions about what is meant by “conduct a risk assessment.” In reality, there is no one-size-fits-all risk assessment that can address all public health issues, problems, and regulatory needs. Although several international and national organizations (e.g., Codex Alimentarius Commission, Office International des Epizooties, Food and Agricultural Organization, World Health Organization, National Research Council, and European Food Safety Authority) have addressed this issue, confusion remains. The type and complexity of a risk assessment must reflect the risk management needs to appropriately inform a regulatory or nonregulatory decision, i.e., a risk assessment is ideally “fit for purpose” and directly applicable to risk management issues of concern. Frequently however, there is a lack of understanding by those not completely familiar with risk assessment regarding the specific utility of different approaches for assessing public health risks. This unfamiliarity can unduly hamper the acceptance of risk assessment results by risk managers and may reduce the usefulness of such results for guiding public health policies, practices, and operations. Differences in interpretation of risk assessment terminology further complicate effective communication among risk assessors, risk managers, and stakeholders. This article provides an overview of the types of risk assessments commonly conducted, with examples primarily from the food and agricultural sectors, and a discussion of the utility and limitations of these specific approaches for assessing public health risks. Clarification of the risk management issues and corresponding risk assessment design needs during the formative stages of the risk analysis process is a key step for ensuring that the most appropriate assessment of risk is developed and used to guide risk management decisions.

Failures in risk assessment and risk management for cosmetic preservatives in Europe and the impact on public health

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob F. Schwensen ◽  
Ian R. White ◽  
Jacob P. Thyssen ◽  
Torkil Menné ◽  
Jeanne D. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Strengths and Weaknesses in the Risk Management of Blood-Borne Infections: Qualitative Research in Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6650
Author(s):  
Anita Gębska Kuczerowska ◽  
Artur Błoński ◽  
Joanna Kuczerowska ◽  
Robert Gajda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Assessment Procedures

This article presents the research from the first phase of our study on blood-borne risk management, wherein we solicited epidemiologists’ and healthcare practitioners’ expert opinions on a blood-borne infection risk assessment in Poland. Forty-two experts were recommended by epidemiology consultants and recruited from all districts in Poland. We used the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) method in the evaluation. Experts’ opinions showed that there is room for improvement in the prevention of blood-borne infections. Commonly reported weaknesses in the risk assessment included gaps in knowledge and inappropriate procedures, which are largely caused by financial constraints and practitioners’ lack of awareness of developments in their trade. Strengths included legal regulations for medical services and procedures, surveillance, and increasing awareness on the part of medical staff. When paired with the existing statistical data, these results provide a comprehensive view of the problem of blood-borne infections in Poland. The analysis supported the development of a strategy proposal to prevent blood-borne infections and enhance existing risk assessment procedures.

Hydraulic fracturing and the need for risk assessment

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. Schneider, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Health And Safety

This analysis examines the perceived lag in the policy process with respect to risk assessment and risk management in relationship to the development of new technologies that have the potential to create new threats to public health and safety. Hydraulic fracturing and the ongoing revolution in natural gas exploration make an excellent case study of the difficulties that inevitably arise, are difficult to resolve, and that expand threats to public health and safety when policy makers do not prioritize risk assessment and risk management until the negative impacts or potential harms of previous decisions are felt. The analysis begins with a description of the hydraulic fracturing revolution and a discussion of the potential risks associated with it. This will include some of the preliminary scientific work on the subject. The analysis will highlight concerns that timely assessment and management of these risks is often frustrated by the policy process itself. In essence, the conclusion reached is that significant improvements in the timely assessing and managing the risks associated with technological advances require policy makers to emulate the emergency management profession in elevating risk assessment and risk management to the level of a first priority in the policy process.

scholarly journals The practice of applying health risk assessment in the Federal Project “Clean Air” in the participating cities (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk): problems and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-896
Author(s):  
Sergej V. Kuzmin ◽  
Simon L. Avaliani ◽  
Natal`ya S. Dodina ◽  
Tatyana A. Shashina ◽  
Viktor A. Kislitsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Clean Air

Introduction. The object of the study is the results obtained during the implementation of the Federal Project (FP) “Clean Air” in 2020 in the supervised participating cities and the assessment of the possibility of implementing the tasks set for Rospotrebnadzor for effective health risk management, reducing morbidity and mortality of the population. The purpose of the study is to assess the risk to public health according to the summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the cities of Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk during the implementation of the FP “Clean Air” (baseline, 2017). Materials and methods. The primary approach to implementing the FP “Clean Air” in 2020 is to use the initial data (summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution) and obtain on their basis the levels of exposure and risks to public health. A software product of the “Ecolog-Gorod” series was used to calculate single and average annual concentrations. The health risk assessment procedure was carried out under the requirements of the manual R 2.1.10.1920-04. Results. Studies were conducted to assess the risk to public health based on the data of summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the cities participating in the FP “Clean Air” (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk) in 2017 before the start of the measures provided for by the Comprehensive Plans to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air. The assessment of the public health risk from atmospheric air pollution made it possible to establish: priority compounds contained in industrial emissions, the primary industrial sources and their share contribution, as well as the contribution of motor transport and independent heat supply sources emissions to the formation of pollution levels in cities; the population exposed to unacceptable risk levels were determined; substances that should be taken into account when quoting emissions were identified. The variants of improving the quality of preparation of the initial data of summary calculations for health risk assessment are recommended. Conclusion. There are suggested approaches to improving the quality of preparation of initial data of consolidated calculations for health risk assessment.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment at the Plate Production Unit (PPL) of PT. INKA (Persero)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Monalisa Ma'rifat ◽  
Atiya Thifal Rofifa ◽  
Tri Martiana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Medium Risk

Introduction: The plate manufacturing production unit is one of the work units in PT. INKA (Persero), which involves the interaction between humans and machines in its activities, heavy equipment, and materials, all of which can cause possible hazard impacts that can impact the safety and health of workers. The purpose of this study is to conduct risk assessment on occupational safety and health aspects by identifying risks, assessing risks, identifying control efforts and assessing residual risk as a form of efforts to prevent occupational accidents and occupational diseases, using existing resources effectively and efficiently. Method: This research is a type of qualitative research, through interviews and observations, with cross-sectional studies and descriptive analysis. The interviewees for this study were K3LH management managers, steel managers, and machine operators in the plate production unit (PPL). The tools in this study werean interview guide, Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Determining Control (HIRADC) using the AS / NZS 4360: 2004 Risk Management Worksheet Standard Risk Matrix. Results: From the research, it was found that there are 94 hazards for 11 different machines. Regarding the risk levels, there are 9 extreme risk levels, 46 high risk levels, 33 medium risk levels and 6 low risk levels. Conclusion: There are still 61 risks with medium risk level and 6 remaining risks with high risk level that still need control. Control efforts have been implemented by PT. INKA (Persero) in accordance with the hierarchy of control, such as the use of PPE and the provision of work SOPs. Keywords: hazard identification, risk management, risk assessment, risk control, residual risk 

scholarly journals Risk Management on Print Checking of Plastic Sacks Production in Sidoarjo Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Rizqy Kartika Sari ◽  
Denny A. Wahyudiono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Management Activity

Introduction: Risk management is a management activity that aims to reduce risk to prevent negative impact. Calculation of the amount of risk was carried out to then determine whether the risk was acceptable. In printing activities, contact between humans and machines is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of occupational safety management in the activity of print checking on stamping stage of plastic sacks production in Sidoarjo, Indonesia by conducting hazard identification, risk assessment which includes risk analysis and risk evaluation, control assessment, and residual risk assessment. This is an observational study with a cross sectional design. Methods: Data included primary and secondary data. Primary data were taken by interview and observation. Secondary data were taken from work accident data. Results: A total of 6 hazards were identified. Risk assessment recorded 2 low hazards category  2 medium hazards category, and 2 high risk hazards. Administrative control in the form of inspection and the use of  PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) were implemented. Residual risk assessment shows that the implementation of controls was not optimal. The results of the residual risk assessment indicate that several risk categories fell into a lower category i.e  4 low hazards category and 2 high risk category hazards. Conclusion: The applied risk management has not been optimally implemented. It is recommended that the implementation of inspections is scheduled and a system for recording and reporting inspection findings is established. Keywords: hazard, printing checks, risk management

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document