scholarly journals Risk analysis and control program for bovine viral diarrhea in Europe and U.S.

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-596
Author(s):  
Satoshi SEKIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Vaccination Failure in Eradication and Control Programs for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Antos ◽  
Pawel Miroslaw ◽  
Jerzy Rola ◽  
Miroslaw Pawel Polak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
And Control

Vaccination against bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the key elements to protect cattle herds from this economically important disorder. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus infecting animals at all ages with significant impact on reproductive, digestive, and respiratory systems. Financial burden caused by this pathogen prompts many farmers to introduce vaccination as the control and prophylactic measure especially when persistently infected (PI) individuals, being the main source of the virus in the herd, are removed after test-and-cull approach. The aim of the study was to compare the serological response in cattle herds where new PI calves were identified without prior removal of PI animals or despite their removal and after the introduction of whole herd vaccination against BVDV infection. Overall seroprevalence in 5 vaccinated herds was 91.7 and 83.3% using ELISA and virus neutralization test, respectively. Despite high titers for both vaccine and field strains of BVDV in analyzed herds the analysis of comparative strength of neutralization indicated that 41.4% of positive samples did not have a predominant titer against one specific subtype of BVDV. In 3 herds BVDV-1b subtype was identified while in 2 others it was BVDV-1d, while the vaccine used was based on BVDV-1a which was never identified in Poland so far. To increase the success of the BVDV eradication program, a careful approach is suggested when planning herd vaccination. Comparison of existing field strains and their similarity with vaccine strains at antigenic and genetic levels can be a useful approach to increase the effectiveness of vaccination and efficient protection of fetuses from persistent infection.

Economic risk analysis model for bovine viral diarrhea virus biosecurity in cow-calf herds

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Smith ◽  
Michael W. Sanderson ◽  
Rodney Jones ◽  
Yapo N’Guessan ◽  
David Renter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Van Duijn ◽  
Inge Santman-Berends ◽  
Marit Biesheuvel ◽  
Jet Mars ◽  
Frederik Waldeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Cattle Movements ◽  
Free Status ◽  
Parameters Of Interest

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is controlled in many countries by detection and culling of persistently infected (PI) animals. The most important risk factor for BVDV introduction is purchase. An introduced cow can be PI and transmit the virus to other cattle in the herd. If she is not PI but is pregnant, there is still a risk because the subsequently born calf may be PI, when she encountered the virus in early pregnancy. To control this risk, all cows > 1 year from non-BVDV-free herds that are introduced in herds that participate in the Dutch BVDV control program are tested for virus and antibodies. Depending on the results, subsequent measures such as suspension of the BVDV-free status, removing the animals from the herd, or testing the off-spring of the cow for virus, are undertaken. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of this risk mitigating measure. Data on cattle movements, calving's, herd-level BVDV status, and animal-level test data were available from all dairy herds that participated in the national BVDV control program (>14,000 dairy herds) for the year 2019. The data were combined and parameters of interest were calculated, i.e., (i) the number of purchased BVD virus positive cattle and (ii) the number of BVD virus positive calves born from purchased cows within 9 months after introduction. In 2019, 217,301 cattle were introduced in Dutch dairy herds that participated in the BVDV control program. Of these, 49,820 were tested for presence of BVD virus and 27 (0.05%) cows introduced in 21 different herds tested BVD virus positive. Out of 46,727 cattle that were tested for antibodies, 20.5% tested positive. The seropositive cows produced 4,341 viable calves, of which 3,062 were tested for virus and subsequently, 40 (1.3%) were found BVD virus positive. These 40 BVD virus positive calves were born in 23 herds. The risk mitigating measure led to detection of 67 BVD virus positive animals in 44 unique herds in 2019. This study makes plausible that the probability and impact of re-introduction of BVDV can be minimized by testing introduced cattle and their subsequently born calves.

Strategy and control principles of bovine viral diarrhea

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A.G. Glotov ◽  
◽  
T.I. Glotova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in pigs: why is this situation important for Brazilian herds?

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida ◽  
Igor Renan Honorato Gatto ◽  
Anne Caroline Ramos dos Santos ◽  
Daniele Araujo Pereira ◽  
Karla Alvarenga Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
And Control ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Practical Implications

ABSTRACT: Swine can be infected by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) under natural conditions. For this reason, further information and divulgation are needed regarding the pathogenicity of this virus in swine. This infection is practically unknown in the realm of pig farming, and, as it shares some similarities with the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), its diagnosis becomes a challenge for official sanitary programs. Studies have shown the absence of clinical signs in piglets and reproductive problems in sows due to BVDV infections. There is little research on the prevalence, risk factors, preventive measures and control of BVDV in pigs around the world. And in Brazil, the data is practically non-existent. At the time of diagnosis, comparing the most efficient laboratory tests such as virus neutralization, ELISA, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence so as to minimize the risk of cross serological reactions when dealing with a persistent or transient infection, can be an important tool. Moreover, the practical implications for CSFV eradication programs are a main reason for the development of further research against this infection. Therefore, this paper aims to review various aspects of BVDV infection in pigs, and how this information can be important for Brazilian herds.

Comparative study in the control of bovine viral diarrhea

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Larghi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important infectious agent affecting herd productivity and reproduction, and leading to massive economic losses. As such, BVD is the subject of a number of control and eradication schemes globally. The key elements of such schemes are: diagnosis and removal of persistently infected animals from herds; implementation of biosecurity practices aimed at preventing the introduction or re-introduction of BVDV in free herds; and ongoing surveillance to monitor the progress of the program and to detect new infections. The objective of this review is to examine the impact of BVD and the management of the disease in three countries: Scotland, Spain, and Argentina, where BVD control programs are in distinct phases: established, developing, and yet to be initiated. This work also sets out to highlight potential difficulties and formulate recommendations for successful BVD control. It concludes that a systematic, countrywide approach is needed to achieve a sustainable decrease in BVD prevalence. The role of vaccines in control programs is concluded to be a valuable additional biosecurity measure. This study also concludes that there are potential wider benefits to a systematic BVD control program, such as a reduction in antimicrobial use and increases in the competitiveness of the cattle industry.

A computer-control program for TEM in situ fatigue experiments

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Vecchio ◽  
John A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
And Control

In-situ experiments conducted within a transmission electron microscope provide the operator a unique opportunity to directly observe microstructural phenomena, such as phase transformations and dislocation-precipitate interactions, “as they happen”. However, in-situ experiments usually require a tremendous amount of experimental preparation beforehand, as well as, during the actual experiment. In most cases the researcher must operate and control several pieces of equipment simultaneously. For example, in in-situ deformation experiments, the researcher may have to not only operate the TEM, but also control the straining holder and possibly some recording system such as a video tape machine. When it comes to in-situ fatigue deformation, the experiments became even more complicated with having to control numerous loading cycles while following the slow crack growth. In this paper we will describe a new method for conducting in-situ fatigue experiments using a camputer-controlled tensile straining holder.The tensile straining holder used with computer-control system was manufactured by Philips for the Philips 300 series microscopes. It was necessary to modify the specimen stage area of this holder to work in the Philips 400 series microscopes because the distance between the optic axis and holder airlock is different than in the Philips 300 series microscopes. However, the program and interfacing can easily be modified to work with any goniometer type straining holder which uses a penrmanent magnet motor.

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