Microbiological Quality of Ready - to - Eat Food from Dhaka, Bangladesh

The objective of this research was to assess the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, and check the risk factors associated with ingestion of ready-to-eat food from popular public places. This study was conducted in the Center of Excellence in the Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from August 2016 to February 2017. Forty-five samples belonging to 18 categories were collected aseptically in triplicates in pre-sterilized zip-lock bags or sterile bottles from Banani area from local street vendors. Samples were transported to and analysed in the Laboratory of Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University according to standard food analysis methods. Total viable count (TVC) and Total coliform count (TCC) were determined by using plate count agar (PCA) andMacConkey agar plates respectively. Antibiogram of the isolated strains was conducted with commercial antibiotics according to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar medium. Identification of the coliforms together with antibiotic-resistance profile showed Escherichia coli, Enterobactersakazaki, Citrobacterfreundii and Salmonella typhimurium were present in various foods. E. coli and S.typhimurium showed increased sensitivity against Ampicillin 10 mg and Sulfamethoxazole 25 mg. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistance potential pathogens in ready-to-eat food poses a considerable health risk to consumers. Public awareness and timely assessment of food safety are needed to avoid the risks of food-borne infection and intoxication from ready-to-eat food.

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Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Chemical Quality Assessment of Groundwater Sources from Periurban Area of Bucharest, Romania

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.10.7594 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 3549-3554

Author(s):

Florica Marinescu ◽

Mihaela Ilie ◽

Gina Ghita ◽

Ioana Savin ◽

Carmen Tociu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Maximum Admissible Concentration ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Resistance Rates

Twenty-two groundwater sources mainly used for drinking purpose in Bucharest peri-urban area were investigated for assessment of physico-chemical and microbiological quality with a view to determining its potential risk to public health. Results of chemical analysis revealed that nitrites, sulphates and chlorides were below the permissible levels, while 63.64% of the analysed groundwater sources exceeded the maximum admissible concentration for nitrates, with concentration variations ranging from 67.27 to 523.19 mg/L. The bacteriological analysis showed that in about 63% of groundwater sources total coliform, faecal coliform and enterococci have exceeded the threshold limits recommended by the Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC and the Romanian Law. Another aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative strains isolated from groundwater sources. There observed the resistance to many antibiotics, particularly: ticarcillin (80%), aztreonam (29%), gentamicin (11%), imipenem (9%), ceftriaxone (9%), ceftazidime (3%) and ciprofloxacin (3%). Significant higher resistance rates were observed in strains isolated from shallow groundwater sources as compared with strains isolated from deep groundwater sources. Pseudomonas sp. (26%) isolates with multiple-drug resistance (MDR) were encountered. The results of the study revealed a bacteriological contamination and high levels of nitrate concentrations in most of the groundwater samples, which could pose an important risk to human health.

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Assessment of bacterial load of poultry meat used at dining hall of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v1i1.25492 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mahmud Hossain ◽

Nazmul Hoda ◽

Mohammad Jobayer Hossen ◽

M Mahmudul Hasan ◽

Syed Mohammad Ehsanur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Mean Value ◽

Viable Count ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Plate Count ◽

University Campus ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Sanitary Condition

The present study was undertaken to investigate the microbiological quality of poultry meat used in different hall of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus. Sanitary condition of dining hall was assessed by using a standard questionnaire. Thirty samples were collected from Isha Khan hall, Fazlul Haque hall and Taposhi Rabeya hall. Microbial load was determined by total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total salmonella count (TSC). Samples were inoculated into various selective media such as plate count (PCA) agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate Agar (XLDA) and MacConkey agar (MCA). It is found that the age of maximum workers (53%) is between 25-35 years. Educational level of dining workers are in same frequency of illiterate and below class eight. Only 6.7% are SSC passed. Most of dining workers have no knowledge on hygienic practices. 43.3% partially know about hygienic practices and 3.3% have no knowledge. Sanitary condition of dining hall is not satisfactory. Only 3.3% disinfectants are used in dining hall. There is no proper washing facilities. About 63.3% washing facilities are in medium level. Only E. coli and Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified from the samples. The mean value of TVC, TCC and TSC in broiler thigh meats of Isha Khan hall, Fazlul Haque hall and Taposhi Rabeya hall are log 5.65, log 5.77, log 6.06 CFU/g, log 3.26, 3.41, 3.42 CFU/g and log 2.95, log 2.92 log 2.97 CFU/g respectively. The variation of TVC in meats of different dining hall was significant (p<0.05) at 5% level of probability whereas TCC and TSC obtained from meat samples of different hall were not significant (p<0.05). Presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in meat must need particular attention as these organisms are responsible for causing harm to public health. Suggestions have been given to improve the present sanitary condition of dining hall to minimize bacterial load.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 9-16

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ATP-Bioluminescence as a method to evaluated microbiological quality of UHT milk

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-7396 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 1909-1916 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.F. Cunha ◽

A.D. Lage ◽

M.M. Pereira e Araújo ◽

C.F. Abreu ◽

A.R. Tassinari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbiological Quality ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Plate Count ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Uht Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Plate Count Agar ◽

Atp Bioluminescence ◽

Mesophilic Microorganism

New approaches are needed to quickly indicate possible contamination of UHT milk, among them the technique of ATP-Bioluminescence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the results of culture methods with the results of ATP-Bioluminescence technique of 102 UHT whole milk samples incubated at 48, 72, and 168 hours. UHT milk samples were analyzed for the presence of mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic microorganisms using Plate Count Agar (PCA), Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) media and PetrifilmTM Aerobic Count (AC) plates. The ATP-Bioluminescence technique was applied through the Microbial Luminescent Screening (MLS) system. Significant correlations were found between counts of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms on PCA, PetrifilmTM AC, BHI and results of ATP bioluminescence technique (P≤0.05). The ATP-Bioluminescence technique had higher correlation with counting method in PCA than BHI media. At lower pass/fail limits of Relative Light Units (60, 50, 45 and 40 RLU), the number of samples identified as positive increased and statistically agreed with aerobic mesophilic microorganism counts (P>0.05). For the dairy industry, the ATP-Bioluminescence technique may become an important tool that assists the official methods to quickly monitor the microbiological quality of UHT milk though this will likely require a threshold below 150 RLU.

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Microbiological Quality of Ice Cream Available in Chittagong

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4876 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 135-136

Author(s):

M Tarek Hossain ◽

AKM Humayun Kober

Keyword(s):

Microbiological Quality ◽

Ice Cream ◽

Viable Count ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Plate Count ◽

Total Viable Count ◽

Coliform Count ◽

Standard Plate Count ◽

Standard Plate

A study was carried out to investigate microbiological quality of ice cream available in Chittagong area of Bangladesh during June to July 2008. Each brand of ice cream was collected from retail stores of Chittagong City. Standard plate count (SPC) and coliform count were done for bacteriological assessment of the ice cream samples. The average SPC count of Kwality, Igloo and Sub Zero ice cream samples were 2 x 103, 3 x 103 and 4 x 103 cfu/g respectively. Coliform organisms were detected in all the ice cream samples and the average coliform counts of the ice cream samples from Kwality, Igloo and Sub Zero were 12, 18 and 42 cfu/g respectively. Coliform bacteria exceeded standard limits, which can cause serious health problems. Keyword: Total viable Count; Coliform countDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4876Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 135-136

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Microbiological analysis of pasteurized and fresh fruit juice sold in Rawalpindi of Pakistan

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v48i3.17329 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

SA Batool ◽

SS Tahir ◽

N Rauf ◽

R Kalsoom

Keyword(s):

Fruit Juice ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Viable Count ◽

Fruit Juices ◽

Local Market ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Freshly prepared and pasteurized fruit juices sold by vendors in local market of Rawalpindi city from 10 locations were analyzed for the microbiological quality. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform, faecal coliform, molds and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and fungi like Aspergillus, Pencillum, Rhizopus were determined .In open fruit juices available in city were highly contaminated with bacteria and fungi. E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas were isolated with different frequency. Aspergillus, Pencillum and Rhizopus were also found in juices especially Aspergillus was with high percentages. The pasteurized juices have less contamination as compared to the fresh juices samples. The number and type of microorganisms recovered from the freshly squeezed fruit juices made them unsafe for drinking. The results of this study demonstrate the unhygienic quality of popular types of market vended freshly squeezed fruit juices and their risk to the consumers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i3.17329 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(3), 185-192, 2013

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Microbiological Quality and Adulteration of Pasteurized and Raw Milk Marketed in Dharan, Nepal

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/hijost.v4i0.33864 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Dhiren Subba Limbu ◽

Kamana Bantawa ◽

Dil Kumar Limbu ◽

Mandira Devkota ◽

Monika Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Microbiological Quality ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Viable Count ◽

Total Viable Count ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

Coliform Count ◽

Standard Guideline ◽

Routine Monitoring

This study was aimed to evaluate the quality of raw and pasteurized milk marketed in Dharan. Milk may be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and a mixture of several adulterants and such milk pose a risk to consumers. The study was carried out from September 2019 to January 2020. Collected samples were tested for adulterants (starch, formalin, neutralizer and table sugar) as well as microbial quality (Total Coliform count, Total Viable Count, Thermoduric Count, Escherichia. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as per standard guideline. The adulterants starch, formalin and neutralizer were not detected in both raw and pasteurized milk. However, table sugar was present in 45% (9 out of 20) raw milk and 90% (18 out of 20) pasteurized milk. The average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of raw milk were, 59×105 CFU/ml, 14×104 CFU/ml and 5×103 CFU/ml respectively. Similarly, the average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of pasteurized milk were found to be 15×104 CFU/ml, 14×103CFU/ml and 4×103 CFU/ml respectively. E. coli was detected in 30% pasteurized milk whereas S. aureus was isolated from only 20%. Likewise, E.coli and S. aureus were found in 55% and 45% of raw milk respectively. The results of the study indicated that routine monitoring of dairy industries and raw milk vendors, awareness campaign and good hygienic practice should be promoted to upgrade the quality of raw and pasteurized milk.

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Microbiological Quality of Local Market Vended Freshly Squeezed Fruit Juices in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4591 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 421-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M Shakir Uddin Ahmed ◽

Tania Nasreen ◽

Badrunnessa Feroza ◽

Sahana Parveen

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Viable Count ◽

Fruit Juices ◽

Local Market ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Dhaka City ◽

E Coli

Freshly squeezed or freshly prepared fruit juices sold by local market vendors in Dhaka city were analyzed for the microbiological quality. Total viable bacterial counts, fungal counts, total coliform, faecal coliform and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Streptococcus were analyzed by standard methods. The total viable count of samples ranged from 3.00×102 to 9.60×108 and fungal counts ranged from 1.00×102 to 8.05×104. Out of 114 freshly prepared fruit juices samples collected 113 samples (99%) showed the presence of coliform and E. coli. The other bacteria like B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Streptococcus were found in 64.91%, 6.14%, 7.89% and (5.26%) of the tested samples. The number and type of microorganisms recovered from the freshly squeezed fruit juices made them unsafe for drinking. It was concluded that due to unhygienic fruit handling in the unsanitary environmental conditions under which the vendors operate the juices become contaminated with harmful bacteria. The results of this study demonstrate the unhygienic quality of popular types of market vended freshly squeezed fruit juices and their risk to the consumers. Key Words: Fruit juices; Microorganisms; Contamination; E. coli; Microbiological quality standards. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4591 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 421-424, 2009

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Microbiological quality of street vended Panipuri in Jagtial district of Telangana, India

Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene ◽

10.18502/jfsh.v6i3.6944 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Venkatesh Teegala ◽

Kanakamedala Bipin Chandra Pavan ◽

Anumolu Vijaya Kumar

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Human Health ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Plate Count ◽

Standard Plate Count ◽

The People

Street vended foods have gained a lot of popularity in recent days owing to their appealing taste and flavour. These foods apart from the taste and flavour, have been cost-effective and easily available for all people. That has been the reason for such high demand for these foods in all walks of life and are being relished by the populations from the rural to urban areas. Street foods have been satisfying the hunger of a good percentage of people at an affordable cost. On the other side of the situation, these foods have been posing a good risk of health problems for the people because of the unhygienic methods and process of preparation of these foods by the mostly illiterate community of businessmen who have been preparing them. Hence the need of evaluating these foods for the contamination levels and risk factors for human health have been exponentially felt and the present study was taken up. Therefore, the present study was carried out to check the microbiological quality of street vended panipuri sold in Korutla, Metpally, and Jagtial towns of Jagtial Dist, Telangana state. A total of ninety-six samples viz., water, dall and kachori (thirty two each) were aseptically collected from various vendors and were subjected for standard plate count, total Coliform count, total Salmonella count and total Staphylococcus aureus count. Results revealed that 74% of samples had high loads of bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli (41%), Staphylococcus aureus (31%), sp. (20%), Pseudomonas sp. (5%) and yeast (3%). Hence, it has been enumerated that the quality of street foods must be monitored, and standards of the microbiological load have to be followed for human health safety.

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Microbial Status and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Street Food in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2018/44163 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Avijit Banik ◽

Maruf Abony ◽

Suvamoy Datta ◽

Syeda Tasneem Towhid

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Viable Count ◽

Plate Count ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Total Viable Count ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Street Food ◽

Coliform Count

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the microbiological safety in street foods available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Study Design: Seven categories of street foods were collected aseptically in triplicates from 10 locations of the most populous areas of Dhaka city, transported to the microbiology laboratory of Center of Excellence, Primeasia University, Dhaka. The samples were analyzed for microbiological quality. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, between November 2015 to March 2017. The microbiological analysis was done at the microbiology laboratory of the Center for Excellence Laboratory (CEL), Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh. Methodology: Ninety street food samples belonging to 7 different categories were collected aseptically from ten different places in Dhaka. All samples were tested according to the standard food analysis methods. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total Salmonella-Shigella count (TSSC) and total S. aureus count (TSAC) were estimated by using Plate Count agar (PCA), MacConkey agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar and Mannitol Salt agar plates respectively. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar was used to determine the sensitivity of the isolated strains to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Results: Fried Aubergine, sugarcane juice, potato balls, peanut, rice cake, sweetened coconut, local salty snacks nimki and chanachur, sesame cookies revealed high total viable count (1011 CFU/gm or /mL) and high total coliform count (109 CFU/g or /mL). Some street foods were found to contain potential pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp. and Campylobacter spp. Some of the isolates of E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella isolates were found to be resistant against azithromycin (15 µg), sulphomethoxazole (25 μg), penicillin (10 µg), nalidixic acid (30 µg), vancomycin (30 µg) and tetracycline (30 μg). Conclusion: This study reveals the presence of pathogenic bacteria in street foods of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Hence, there is a necessity for strict surveillance on microbial safety of street foods. There should be public engagement projects for.public awareness against consumption of low-quality and unhygienic street foods of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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