scholarly journals Rainfall Profile of Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-530
Author(s):  
N. K Sathyamoorthy ◽  
R Jagannathan ◽  
A. P Ramaraj
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Cauvery Delta ◽  
Normal Rainfall

Thanjavur and Nagapattinam districts of Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ) depend on canal irrigation for agriculture and are subjected to the vagaries of monsoon. This creates water crisis and affects agriculture of the region considered as rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. This necessitated the study of rainfall to plan and mitigate water scarcity. Rainfall data from Adhirampattinam, Aduthurai stations of Thanjavur district (Inland) and Nagapattinam station (Coastal area of Nagapattinam district) were utilized for the study. Normal rainfall of CDZ is 956 mm; Nagapattinam receives highest (1350 mm) and aduthurai (994 mm) recorded lowest. November is the wettest month for all locations while driest month differs among locations. Northeast monsoon (NEM) was considered as stable monsoon for CDZ as could be seen from the seasonal mean of 641 mm, 620 mm and 919 mm recorded by Adhirampattinam, Aduthurai and Nagapattinam, respectively. Trend analysis of seasons revealed that Adhirampattinam and Nagapattinam follow a decreasing trend for rainfall and rainydays during NEM and Southwest monsoon (SWM), with an increasing trend for Hot weather period (HWP) and Cold weather period (CWP). An interesting deviation is that Aduthurai recording an increasing trend for NEM while it followed same trend for HWP and SWM.

scholarly journals Probability studies of rainfall and crop production in coastal Tamil Nadu

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
N. CHATTOPADHYAY ◽  
G. S. GANESAN
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Wet Spells

Studies are made of the probability of Occurrence of annual and seasonal rainfall, wet and dry spells on monthly basis throughout the year and on weekly basis during the northeast monsoon season for various stations in coastal Tamil Nadu. It has been observed that amount of rainfall received is more in the stations north of Alangudi and north of Tondi in the northeast and southwest monsoon seasons respectively at all the probability levels. However, the quantum of rainfall is more in stations south of Adiramapattinam during the hot weather period. Number of wet spells are more from July to September in the stations of north costal Tamil Nadu. During the northeast monsoon season also wet weeks are mainly confined to the stations of north coastal Tamil Nadu. Analysis of production figures of some rainfed crops shows more productivity (k8I1\a) in north than in south coastal Tamil Nadu.  

scholarly journals A statistical technique for determination of withdrawal of northeast monsoon over coastal Tamilnadu

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Y. E. A. RAJ
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Superposed Epoch Analysis ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Sole Criterion ◽  
Normal Rainfall

The withdrawal dates of northeast monsoon over coastal Tamil Nadu for the 90-year period (1901-90) have been objectively derived. The methodology of determination was generally based on an index based on the spatial distribution of daily rainfall over stations of coastal Tamil Nadu, over a 5-day pentad for the six month period, September- February. The normal withdrawal date thus obtained was 27 December with a standard deviation of 13.6 days and range 23 November-28 January. The duration of northeast monsoon was distributed with mean 67.5 days, standard deviation 14.9 days and range 26-102 days. During 36.7 % of years the withdrawal spilled over to January of next year. The daily normal rainfall and its difference filter have been discussed with reference to the normal date of withdrawal. The average decrease of rainfall at the time of withdrawal has been derived by application of superposed epoch analysis. It has further been shown that during years when the withdrawal took place in January the intensity of northeast monsoon prior to withdrawal was as intense as in years when withdrawal occurred in December. A few cases of northeast monsoon withdrawal have been illustrated with diagrams. As no definite dynamic or thermodynamic features could be uniquely identified which are associated with the withdrawal, this technique is basically statistical, considering the behaviour of the daily normal rainfall as the sole criterion. Unique thermodynamic and dynamic features are not identifiable which are associated with the withdrawal of northeast monsoon over coastal Tamilnadu.

Validation of PERSIANN Precipitation Product Using TAWN Rain Gauge Network Over Different Agro-climatic Zones in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (september) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Venkadesh Samykannu ◽  
◽  
Pazhanivelan S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Cauvery Delta ◽  
Rain Gauge Network

Currently, several satellite-precipitation products were developed using multiple algorithms to estimate rainfall. This study carried out using Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) product over seven agro-climatic zones of Tamil Nadu during the northeast monsoon (NEM) season of October to December for 2015-2017 (three years) against 118 rain-gauges data of Tamil Nadu Agricultural Weather Network (TAWN). The performance compares aggregated seasonal scale of rainfall using continuous (CC, RMSE, and NRMSE) statistical approaches. It was observed that PERSIANN is accurate in the high-altitude hilly zone and the Cauvery delta zone. For 2015, 2016, and 2017, the correlation values were 0.77, 0.52, and 0.71, respectively. The highest RMSE value was measured for northeast zone (NEZ) during 2015 (222.17 mm), and the lowest was determined for 22.63 in the High-altitude hilly zone (HAHZ) during 2016 and NRMSE had less errors during all three seasons. The study concluded that the PERSIANN data set could be useful substitute for rain-gauge precipitation data.

scholarly journals Contrasting movement of wind based equatorial trough and equatorial cloud zone over Indian southern peninsula and adjoining Bay of Bengal during the onset phase of northeast monsoon

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Y. E. A. RAJ ◽  
R. ASOKAN ◽  
P. V. REVIKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Zonal Winds ◽  
The North ◽  
Latitudinal Position ◽  
Onset Phase

ABSTRACT. The northeast monsoon sets in over southern parts of peninsular India after the retreat of southwest monsoon and in association with the southward movement of equatorial trough. The INSAT satellite imageries scrutinised during the past several years revealed that the cloud bands at the time of northeast monsoon onset moved from south Bay into the southern peninsula, a feature that contrasts with the north to south movement of the equatorial trough. The paper investigates this aspect based on a dataset of lower level upper winds of the peninsula, rainfall data and INSAT OLR data for the 20 year period 1981–2000. The super epoch profiles of zonal winds, latitudinal position of equatorial trough with reference to northeast monsoon onset dates have been derived and studied. The region with OLR values less than 230 W/m2 was defined as the equatorial cloud zone and the movement of northern limit of ECZ was studied based on the normal pentad OLR data and also the superposed epoch profiles. From these analysis it has been established that at the time of northeast monsoon onset, the wind based equatorial trough moves south of Comorin whereas the cloud zone in the Bay of Bengal moves from south to north. Reasons for the occurrence of such a contrasting feature have been ascribed to features such as decreasing strength of lower level easterlies from north to south over coastal Tamil Nadu, reversal of temperature gradient between Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram at the time of onset and the dynamics of 40-day oscillation. The northeast monsoon activity over coastal Tamil Nadu has been found to be negatively correlated with the low level zonal winds over the coast, the degree of relation decreasing from north to south and also from October to December. Based on the results derived in the study and also the other known features of northeast monsoon a thematic model of northeast monsoon onset listing the events that precede and succeed the onset has been postulated.

scholarly journals Identifying and Using Suitable Oceanic Domains for Prediction of the Indian Monsoon Rainfall over Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
G. Senbagavalli ◽  
N. K. Sathyamoorthy ◽  
Ga. Dheebakaran ◽  
Patil Santosh Ganapati ◽  
S. Kokilavani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Rainfall Prediction ◽  
Model Training ◽  
June July

Rainfall prediction are vital for agriculture which is one of the primary sectors greatly affected by climate variability and extremes. Agriculture plays a vital role in shaping the economy of India which is often affected by monsoon. Sea surface temperature (SST) plays a vital role in rainfall predictability over the land surface. A total of twelve different domains of oceanic influences of SST on monsoon rainfall over Tamil Nadu were selected for analysis. The SST of different lead times (February, March, April, and May for southwest monsoon (SWM) and June, July, August, and September for northeast monsoon (NEM) from the ERSSTv5 and ECMWF-SEAS5 model with the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) were used in the Climate Predictability Tool (CPT) to identify the best predictor domains for the prediction of SWM and NEM rainfall over Tamil Nadu. The model training utilized the first 40 years (1981-2020) SST and rainfall data and prediction was done for the 2021 seasons. The results of the study revealed from Kendall tau goodness index and CCA score, the predictor domains comprised of a combination of oceanic domains, this were the Indian, Arabian, Bay of Bengal, and Pacific Oceans recorded the best CCA score and the goodness index. Is therefore recommended that, these domains which have the highest overall predictability can be used by the National meteorological services to early warning and monsoon rainfall information over Tamil Nadu.

scholarly journals Drought Characterization Over Periyar Vaigai Command Area in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
pp. 498-510
Author(s):  
N. K. Sathyamoorthy ◽  
A. P. Ramaraj ◽  
K. Senthilraja ◽  
R. Jagannathan ◽  
S. P. Ramanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Crop Planning ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Drought Characteristics ◽  
Drought Occurrence

India encountered numerous drought years in the decades. It is a matter of concern with increased frequency as well as intensity, mainly due to factors related to changing climate in recent years. In India livelihoods of more than 75% of the population are directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture sectors. The strong and recurrent link between drought and farmer's livelihoods has highlighted the importance to understand the drought scenario of a place for designing coping strategies. To address the issue, this paper was formulated to characterize the drought scenario over Periyar Vaigai Command (PVC) area. To summarize the results, the locations Edayapatti and Periaaruvi had the highest number of annual drought occurrence (8) while the location Madurai airport had the lowest (2) based on the analysis of 30 years. On comparing the monsoons, there are no wide variations in drought characteristics between Southwest monsoon (SWM) and Northeast monsoon (NEM). Anomalies in rainfall during the monsoon seasons were studied through SPI, consecutive drought years were well presented through SPI, which gives relevant information for crop planning. In both the monsoons, the locations Viraganur, Pulipatti and Usilampatti witness consecutive droughts. The highest of three consecutive years (1999, 2000 and 2001) were witnessed in Usilampatti during the major NEM season.

scholarly journals GENETIC AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN COCONUT PRODUCTION

CORD ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
K. SATYABALAN
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
The West ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
High Yields

Variation in the yield of nuts in the coconut palms due to genetic differences of the palms and seasonal effects in the West Coast Tall cultivarpalms grown in a well‑maintained estate in Kerala on the west coast of India was studied every month continuously for a period offive years. The varying yield capacity and bearing tendency noticed in the palms may be attributed to the genetic differences between the palms. The marked fluctuations in the yield of palms classified as high yielders‑ those which yield 80 nuts and above per palm per year and low yielders ‑ those which yield 10 nuts and above per palm per year, do not follow a specific trend as in the case of seasonal variations. The yield of nuts in 66 palms in the estate which comprised of all the three yield groups during the different seasons of the year identified in Kerala as Hot Weather Season during the months of March, April and May, Southwest Monsoon Season during the months of June, July and August, Northeast Monsoon Season during the months of September, October and November and Cold Weather Season during the months of December, January and February showed that high yields of the palms in all the three yield groups were obtained mainly during the Hot Weather Season of the year. This pattern of production due to seasonal influence is seen to persist year afteryear irrespective of the magnitude of the yield obtained, with minor variations. This is attributed to the cyclic influence of varying seasons in a year on the different critical stages of initiation and development of the inflorescence which takes about 32 months from its initiation to open ing and during the development of the nut which takes about 12 months to develop from a fertilized female flower. The palms in the high yield group exhibit only slight variation and maintain their high yields than those in the medium and low yield groups. Data on the yield of palms during a period of five years indicate that those palms which continuously yield 80 nuts and above per year regularly for at least four years turn out to be regular bearers and high yielders. They should, as far as possible be selected as mother palms for propagation.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF WEATHER FACTORS ON COCONUT AND COP PRODUCTION IN KERALA, INDIA

CORD ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
K Satyabalan
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
North East ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Kernel Content

Studies made on the constituents of the coconut fruits harvested from West Coast Tall coconut palms grown under rainfed conditions during the different seasons of the year identified as hot weather season from March to May, southwest monsoon season from June to August, North east monsoon season from September to November and cold weather season from December to February in Kerala, India have indicated that the fruits harvested during the hot weather season arc smaller in size but more in number than those harvested during the other seasons of the year. They have low husk content but more kernel content resulting in more copra content per nut. Shell content also is high in these nuts. In the case of fruits harvested during other seasons of the year the number of nuts obtained is low. They are larger in size and have more husk content but less kernel and copra content per nut. The nut characteristics arc very much influenced by the weather conditions prevailing during the twelve month period of development from the fertilized flower to the mature nut. The studies also show that the effects of the season are not operating in the  same way or to the same extent on the different constituents of the fruit like husk, kernel, shell and copra. This is evident from the variation in the constituents of the fruit. The data indicate that maximum output of kernel, shell and copra are obtained from the palms during the hot weather season.

Evolving appropriate zinc fertilization strategy for rice-rice (Oryza sativa) cropping system in Cauvery Delta Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
C Sharmila Rahale
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Zinc Fertilization ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Cauvery Delta

Six field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai to evolve suitable zinc fertilization method for rice - rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system in Cauvery delta zone. The treatment includes: T1 : Control, T2 : 100 g zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)/cent in nursery alone., T3 : root dipping alone in 2 % zinc oxide (ZnO) solution, T4 : 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, T5 : 37.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, T6 : 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1+ Farm Yard Manure (FYM) 12.5 t ha-1, T7 : 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + Green Leaf Manure (GLM) 6.5 t ha-1, T8 : Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Micro Nutrient (TNAU MN) mixture 25 kg ha-1 as Enriched Farm Yard Manure (EFYM), T9 : TNAU MN mixture 37.5 kg ha-1 as EFYM, T10 : Foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 + 1 % urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage, T11 : 100g ZnSO4 /cent in nursery alone + Foliar spray of 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 1 % urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (T2+ T10), T12 : root dipping alone in 2 % ZnO solution + Foliar spray of 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 1 % urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (T3 + T10), T13: 100 g ZnSO4 /cent in nursery alone + root dipping alone in 2 % ZnO solution + Foliar spray of 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 1 % urea at tillering and panicle initiation stage (T2 + T3 + T10). The treatments T5, T6, T7 and T9 were skipped in rabi season to know the residual effect of these treatments in the subsequent season. Among the treatment combinations, application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + FYM 12.5 t ha-1 recorded higher grain yield in both kharif (6232 kg ha-1) and rabi (6236 kg ha-1) seasons. The same treatment combination recorded higher Zn content and Zn uptake as well. Regarding soil nutrient content, the same treatment recorded higher N, P and K content. This treatment was followed by application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + green leaf manure 6.5 t ha-1. The experimental findings suggested that combination of organic and inorganic sources not only increased the yield but also improves soil health in Cauvery delta zone.

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