scholarly journals Current Groundwater Conditions in Alluvial Gangetic Plains of Haridwar District, Uttarakhand, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Krishan ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
Anurag Khanna ◽  
R. P Singh ◽  
N.C Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Strong Acids

In the present study, data of 41 hydrograph stations distributed in the Haridwar district are analysed for the years 2014-15 for depth to water level and water quality. The average depth to water level during pre-monsoon is found 10.74 m and in post-monsoon there is a rise of 0.23 m in average water level and found 10.51 m. Among all the 6 blocks viz. Bhagwanpur, Bhadarabad, Khanpur, Laksar, Narsan and Roorkee, the distribution of water level shows that the water levels are deep in the entire Bhagwanpur block. For assessing the groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 sites covering the entire district. The groundwater is formed as Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. In the groundwater, alkaline earths exceed the alkalis and weak acids dominate strong acids. Although groundwater quality is good for drinking as well as irrigation purpose but in few samples higher concentrations of NO3-, Cl− and SO42− ions are found and hence continuous monitoring is required for these ions as precautionary measures.

scholarly journals Algal Boom Characteristics of Yeongsan River Based on Weir and Estuary Dam Operating Conditions Using EFDC-NIER Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2295
Author(s):  
Darae Kim ◽  
Changmin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Regional Water

A number of hydraulic structures have been installed along the Yeongsan River, including an estuary dam and two weirs (Seungchon and Juksan). While these structures aid in regional water security and use and reduce flooding, they reduce water flow in the summer, thereby frequently causing algal blooms. This study simulated algal bloom and water quality characteristics of sections of the Yeongsan River in South Korea under different weir and estuary dam operating conditions using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code—National Institute of Environment Research (EFDC-NIER) model. Results showed that when the management levels of the Juksan Weir and estuary dam were maintained, simulated water levels were EL. 3.7 m in the weir section and EL. −1.2 m (below average water level of the Yellow Sea) in the dam section. When both the weir and dam were open, the water levels varied with the tide; in contrast, when the Juksan Weir alone was open, the water level was between EL. −1.2 and −0.9 m, in line with the management level of the estuary dam. Opening the weir alone reduced algal blooms by 72–84% in the weir region, and opening the estuary dam alone reduced the algal blooms by 83% in the dam region. This improvement was attributed to the reduced water retention time and dilution due to seawater inflows.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the Drawdown Flushing and Partition Desilting of a Reservoir in Taiwan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2166
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wen Wang ◽  
Bing-Shiou Tsai ◽  
Charnsmorn Hwang ◽  
Guan-Wei Chen ◽  
Wei-Cheng Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Sedimentation limits the benefits of storage reservoirs, especially in areas with higher sediment yields, such as Agongdian Reservoir in southern Taiwan. Although drawdown flushing is a known strategy that releases large amounts of fine sediment into a downstream channel, there is limited information on the long-term monitoring and multiple metrics being used to evaluate flushing efficiency. The objectives of this study were three-fold: (1) to continue collecting valuable long-term observed data, since Agongdian Reservoir is one of the few reservoirs currently conducting sediment flushing operations; (2) to evaluate and identify the hydrological parameters that are highly related to the flushing efficiency; (3) to execute numerical simulations of different reservoir flushing scenarios at multiple water levels to discuss potential strategies to improve the flushing efficiency. The findings of this study revealed that long-term monitoring data was valuable for identifying factors highly related to the flushing efficiency, which included the initial water level; average water level; average velocity. Based on simulations, compartmentalizing the reservoir is a proposed strategy that has demonstrated high levels of improvement in terms of the flushing efficiency, depending on particular scenarios involving partition desilting, empty flushing, or a combination of both. Recommendations to increase the flushing efficiency include lowering the initial water level, creating a narrower gorge-like geometry by partitioning, and further considering to modify the operation rules.

AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL MONITORING WITH IOT AND LPWAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Krum Videnov ◽  
Vanya Stoykova
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

Monitoring water levels of lakes, streams, rivers and other water basins is of essential importance and is a popular measurement for a number of different industries and organisations. Remote water level monitoring helps to provide an early warning feature by sending advance alerts when the water level is increased (reaches a certain threshold). The purpose of this report is to present an affordable solution for measuring water levels in water sources using IoT and LPWAN. The assembled system enables recording of water level fluctuations in real time and storing the collected data on a remote database through LoRaWAN for further processing and analysis.

Interaction between water pressure in the basal drainage system and discharge from an Alpine glacier before and during a rainfall-induced subglacial hydrological event

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Barrett ◽  
David N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Alpine Glacier ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
Resultant Increase

Combined measurements of meltwater discharge from the portal and of water level in a borehole drilled to the bed of Findelengletscher, Switzerland, were obtained during the later part of the 1993 ablation season. A severe storm, lasting from 22 through 24 September, produced at least 130 mm of precipitation over the glacier, largely as rain. The combined hydrological records indicate periods during which the basal drainage system became constricted and water storage in the glacier increased, as well as phases of channel growth. During the storm, water pressure generally increased as water backed up in the drainage network. Abrupt, temporary falls in borehole water level were accompanied by pulses in portal discharge. On 24 September, whilst borehole water level continued to rise, water started to escape under pressure with a resultant increase in discharge. As the drainage network expanded, a large amount of debris was flushed from a wide area of the bed. Progressive growth in channel capacity as discharge increased enabled stored water to drain and borehole water level to fall rapidly. Possible relationships between observed borehole water levels and water pressures in subglacial channels are influenced by hydraulic conditions at the base of the hole, distance between the hole and a channel, and the nature of the substrate.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of water level impact to back-barrier bays

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta ◽  
Neil K. Ganju ◽  
Zafer Defne ◽  
Richard P. Signell
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Barnegat Bay ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Inlet Geometry ◽  
Spatial Estimates

Abstract. Water level in semi-enclosed bays, landward of barrier islands, is mainly driven by offshore sea level fluctuations that are modulated by bay geometry and bathymetry, causing spatial variability in the ensuing response (transfer). Local wind setup can have a secondary role that depends on wind speed, fetch, and relative orientation of the wind direction and the bay. Inlet geometry and bathymetry primarily regulate the magnitude of the transfer between open ocean and bay. Tides and short-period offshore oscillations are more damped in the bays than longer-lasting offshore fluctuations, such as storm surge and sea level rise. We compare observed and modeled water levels at stations in a mid-Atlantic bay (Barnegat Bay) with offshore water level proxies. Observed water levels in Barnegat Bay are compared and combined with model results from the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system to evaluate the spatial structure of the water level transfer. Analytical models based on the dimensional characteristics of the bay are used to combine the observed data and the numerical model results in a physically consistent approach. Model water level transfers match observed values at locations inside the Bay in the storm frequency band (transfers ranging from 70–100 %) and tidal frequencies (10–55 %). The contribution of frequency-dependent local setup caused by wind acting along the bay is also considered. The approach provides transfer estimates for locations inside the Bay where observations were not available resulting in a complete spatial characterization. The approach allows for the study of the Bay response to alternative forcing scenarios (landscape changes, future storms, and rising sea level). Detailed spatial estimates of water level transfer can inform decisions on inlet management and contribute to the assessment of current and future flooding hazard in back-barrier bays and along mainland shorelines.

scholarly journals The effects of ENSO, climate change and human activities on the water level of Lake Toba, Indonesia: a critical literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendri Irwandi ◽  
Mohammad Syamsu Rosid ◽  
Terry Mart
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Future

AbstractThis research quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the factors responsible for the water level variations in Lake Toba, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. According to several studies carried out from 1993 to 2020, changes in the water level were associated with climate variability, climate change, and human activities. Furthermore, these studies stated that reduced rainfall during the rainy season due to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the continuous increase in the maximum and average temperatures were some of the effects of climate change in the Lake Toba catchment area. Additionally, human interventions such as industrial activities, population growth, and damage to the surrounding environment of the Lake Toba watershed had significant impacts in terms of decreasing the water level. However, these studies were unable to determine the factor that had the most significant effect, although studies on other lakes worldwide have shown these factors are the main causes of fluctuations or decreases in water levels. A simulation study of Lake Toba's water balance showed the possibility of having a water surplus until the mid-twenty-first century. The input discharge was predicted to be greater than the output; therefore, Lake Toba could be optimized without affecting the future water level. However, the climate projections depicted a different situation, with scenarios predicting the possibility of extreme climate anomalies, demonstrating drier climatic conditions in the future. This review concludes that it is necessary to conduct an in-depth, comprehensive, and systematic study to identify the most dominant factor among the three that is causing the decrease in the Lake Toba water level and to describe the future projected water level.

scholarly journals Application of Neural Network Models and ANFIS for Water Level Forecasting of the Salve Faccha Dam in the Andean Zone in Northern Ecuador

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2011
Author(s):  
Pablo Páliz Larrea ◽  
Xavier Zapata Ríos ◽  
Lenin Campozano Parra
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Subtractive Clustering ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Reservoir Water Level ◽  
Maximum Delay

Despite the importance of dams for water distribution of various uses, adequate forecasting on a day-to-day scale is still in great need of intensive study worldwide. Machine learning models have had a wide application in water resource studies and have shown satisfactory results, including the time series forecasting of water levels and dam flows. In this study, neural network models (NN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) models were generated to forecast the water level of the Salve Faccha reservoir, which supplies water to Quito, the Capital of Ecuador. For NN, a non-linear input–output net with a maximum delay of 13 days was used with variation in the number of nodes and hidden layers. For ANFIS, after up to four days of delay, the subtractive clustering algorithm was used with a hyperparameter variation from 0.5 to 0.8. The results indicate that precipitation was not influencing input in the prediction of the reservoir water level. The best neural network and ANFIS models showed high performance, with a r > 0.95, a Nash index > 0.95, and a RMSE < 0.1. The best the neural network model was t + 4, and the best ANFIS model was model t + 6.

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