Talking to children about their HIV diagnosis: a discussion rooted in different global perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. S4-S9
Author(s):  
Katie Warburton ◽  
Lars Navér ◽  
Juliet Houghton ◽  
Kamila Fatikhova
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Online Debate

An online meeting was arranged with four professionals representing four countries to debate current practices and future steps in naming HIV to children (disclosing HIV status). This article considers the evidence and reports on the commentary and debate from the meeting. Naming HIV to children remains a challenge. Although studies identify some of the facilitators and barriers to informing children of their HIV diagnosis, further review of practice is required. This article presents a global perspective of naming practices from different settings. The article comprises commentary and a report of the online debate, along with supporting evidence. The four participating authors concluded that health professionals must work in collaboration with families to support early naming of HIV to children or having an open discussion about HIV in clinics. Naming when a child is younger reduces self-stigma and empowers children and young people to adhere to their medication, make informed decisions and share their own diagnosis appropriately. The authors concluded that health professionals play a key role in educating colleagues and the public to reduce stigma and discrimination. Professionals working with children and families living with HIV require support and resources to instil confidence in naming and facilitate naming of HIV status to a child.

scholarly journals PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES INFLUENCE ON THE LEVEL OF DISCRIMINATION AND STIGMATIZATION OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/ AIDS IN GARISSA COUNTY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Osman S. Abdirahman ◽  
Dr. Sarah Onyango ◽  
Dr. Charles Walekhwa
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the perceptions and attitudes influence on the level of discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV/ AIDS in Garissa County.Methodology: The target population of the study was all the patients with HIV and AIDS attending The Comprehensive care Centre at Garissa Provincial General Hospital in Garissa County. There are approximately 2000 people actively on ARVs attending the facility. A sample of 200 respondents was selected using random sampling from the listed list of all patients in the hospitals. The study used primary data. Data collection methods included: questionnaires and interview guide. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results were presented by use of tables and charts.Results: Based on the findings, the study concluded that perceived factors influenced stigmatization and discrimination levels. Specifically, the likelihood of females spreading HIV influenced levels of stigmatization and discrimination. Similarly, the likelihood of old people spreading HIV influenced levels of stigmatization and discrimination.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommends that group therapy should be conducted regularly with an aim of encouraging members of the public to be tested and be aware of their HIV status. 

scholarly journals Psychotropic prescribing in HIV

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Reid ◽  
C Orrell ◽  
K Stoloff ◽  
J Joska
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Side Effects

Psychiatric disorders frequently co-occur with HIV, as preceding conditions or consequent to HIV infection. This potentially compromises HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral (ARV) treatment adherence. We provide a brief guide to the diagnosis and treatment of common mental disorders in people living with HIV/AIDS, including: prescribing psychotropics in HIV; neuropsychiatric side-effects of ARVs and other medications commonly prescribed in HIV; and the diagnosis and treatment of depression, anxiety, psychosis, agitation, sleep disturbance, pain, and mania. Psychotropic treatments recommended were drawn primarily from those available in the public sector of South Africa.

scholarly journals Risky sexual practice, unintended pregnancy, contraceptive utilisation, and its determinants among HIV-infected women in Special Zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Bayissa Demissie ◽  
Rose Mmusi-Phetoe
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Risky Sexual Practice ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Special Zone

Abstract Background: In settings where HIV prevalence is high, management of sexual and reproductive health is critical to reducing HIV transmission and maternal mortality. Integration of family planning with HIV services is appropriate model for HIV therapy, HIV prevention and care with family planning services in a resource limiting area like Ethiopia. The aims of the study were to determine risky sexual practice, unintended pregnancy, contraceptive utilisation, and its determinants among women of reproductive age in Oromia, Ethiopia Methods: A Health facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted with quantitative data collection approach was used to collect data from women living with HIV attending ART clinics in special zone of surrounding Finfinne, Oromia Region in five health centres. Simple random sampling computer-generated sample was used to select 654 respondents. The returned questionnaires were checked for completeness, cleaned manually, coded and entered into EPI INFO 7.1.6 version and exported to SPSSS 23.0 for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions analysis was used to identify factors association with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to controlled effects of possible confounders from final model. Result: After discarded16 spoiled questionnaires, the completed response rate of this study was 97.6% (654/670). There were 654 respondents whose ages ranged between 18 and 49 years. The current family planning utilisation among women of reproductive age living with HIV was 548 (83.8%). The following were identified as determinants of current family planning among HIV-infected women in the area of study: open discussion on modern family planning utilisation with healthcare providers; being knowledgeable about modern family planning; number of sexual partners; previous unplanned pregnancy; partner’s HIV status; and disclosure status of HIV to their family. The last two factors led to higher odds of family planning utilisation among women of reproductive age living with HIV in Oromia Region.The study further established that contraception utilisation was influenced by the fact that 608 (94.9%) respondents were sexually active during the last six months. Disclosure of HIV status added to the list whereby 589 (91.4%) respondents had disclosed their HIV serostatus to a regular sexual partner and 499 (76.3%) had disclosed to family. The prevalence of dual contraceptive utilisation was 425 (73.8%), of which 343 (80.7%) and 306 (72%) were consistent and sustained users of dual contraceptive methods, respectively. The factors which were assumed to be increasing dual contraception method utilisation were: open discussion on family planning with healthcare providers; having received family planning counselling about the efficacy of each method and side effects and the mixed method available. Conclusion: The current family planning utilisation among women of reproductive age was higher than the national contraceptive prevalence rate. This proportion is parallel to the proportion of service providers reporting to provide both HIV- and family planning-related services as being largely dependent on training on integrated family planning and HIV services.

scholarly journals National HIV testing and diagnosis coverage in sub-Saharan Africa: a new modeling tool for estimating the “first 90” from program and survey data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maheu-Giroux ◽  
K Marsh ◽  
C Doyle ◽  
A Godin ◽  
C Lanièce Delaunay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Program Data

AbstractObjectiveHIV testing services (HTS) are a crucial component of national HIV responses. Learning one’s HIV diagnosis is the entry point to accessing life-saving antiretroviral treatment and care. Recognizing the critical role of HTS, theJoint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS(UNAIDS) launched the 90-90-90 targets stipulating that by 2020, 90% of people living with HIV know their status, 90% of those who know their status receive antiretroviral therapy, and 90% of those on treatment have a suppressed viral load. Countries will need to regularly monitor progress on these three indicators. Estimating the proportion of people living with HIV who know their status (i.e., the “first 90”), however, is difficult.MethodsWe developed a mathematical model (henceforth referred to as “F90”) that formally synthesizes population-based survey and HTS program data to estimate HIV status awareness over time. The proposed model uses country-specific HIV epidemic parameters from the standard UNAIDS Spectrum model to produce outputs that are consistent with other national HIV estimates. The F90 model provides estimates of HIV testing history, diagnosis rates, and knowledge of HIV status by age and sex. We validate the F90 model using both in-sample comparisons and out-of-sample predictions using data from three countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Malawi, and Mozambique.ResultsIn-sample comparisons suggest that the F90 model can accurately reproduce longitudinal sex-specific trends in HIV testing. Out-of-sample predictions of the fraction of PLHIV ever tested over a 4-to-6-year time horizon are also in good agreement with empirical survey estimates. Importantly, out-of-sample predictions of HIV knowledge are consistent (i.e., within 4% points) with those of the fully calibrated model in the three countries, when HTS program data are included. The F90 model’s predictions of knowledge of status are higher than available self-reported HIV awareness estimates, however, suggesting –in line with previous studies– that these self-reports are affected by non-disclosure of HIV status awareness.ConclusionKnowledge of HIV status is a key indicator to monitor progress, identify bottlenecks, and target HIV responses. The F90 model can help countries track progress towards their “first 90” by leveraging surveys of HIV testing behaviors and annual HTS program data.

scholarly journals Vínculo entre profissionais de saúde e jovens vivendo com HIV/Aids: uma análise da produção e circulação de discursos da sexualidade = Bond between health professionals and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS: analysis of the production and circulation of sexuality discourses

2019 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Vinícius Mauricio de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Active Listening ◽  
The Public ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Resumo: Introdução: Jovens estão no centro da crise de HIV/Aids. Em 2017, segundo o Unicef, 30 adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos foram infectados/as por hora no mundo. Mas nem sempre eles/elas têm suas demandas sobre sexualidade valorizadas nos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: este artigo tem como objetivo compreender o vínculo entre profissionais de saúde e jovens vivendo com HIV/Aids como meio para a produção e circulação de discursos da sexualidade. Metodologia: a partir de etnografia realizada em uma Clínica de Aids, do serviço público de saúde da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2013 e 2014, realizamos observação participante de atividades individuais e coletivas dos/as profissionais, entrevistas com profissionais e jovens e análise documental, que evidenciaram o vínculo numa perspectiva histórica e atual. Resultados: identificamos a produção e circulação de discursos da sexualidade em relatórios, Boletins, grupos de convivência e consultas médicas, dispositivos pelos quais se estabelecia o vínculo entre profissionais e jovens. Conclusão: o vínculo possibilitava acolhimento, escuta ativa, afeto, e a participação social de usuários/as, fortalecendo o serviço público de saúde frente às políticas de privatização. Também pelo vínculo, profissionais exerciam o controle da sexualidade juvenil, sendo um dispositivo de incitação ao “cuidado de si”.Palavras-chave: comunicação; saúde; Aids; sexualidade; adolescente.Abstract: Introduction: Young people are at the center of the HIV/AIDS crisis. In 2017, according to UNICEF, 30 teenagers from 15 to 19 years old were infected per hour in the world. But they do not always have their sexuality demands valued in health services. Objective: This article aims to understand the bond between health professionals and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS as a means for the production and circulation of discourses of sexuality. Methodology: Based on ethnography performed at an AIDS Clinic of the public health service of the city of Rio de Janeiro, between 2013 and 2014, we conducted participant observation of individual and collective activities of professionals, interviews with professionals and youth, and documental analysis, which evidenced the bond in a historical and current perspective. Results: We identified the production and circulation of discourses of sexuality in reports, bulletins, internal groups and medical consultations, devices by which the bond between professionals and teens was established. Conclusion: The bond enabled reception, active listening, affection, and social participation of users, strengthening the public health service in the face of privatization policies. Also by the bond, professionals exercised the control of young sexuality, being a device of incitement to “self-care”.Keywords: communication; health; AIDS; sexuality; adolescent.

scholarly journals Dating, Marriage, and Parenthood for HIV-Positive Heterosexual Puerto Rican Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sastre ◽  
Diana M. Sheehan ◽  
Arnaldo Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Living With Hiv

HIV-positive men are living long and healthier lives while managing HIV as a chronic illness. Although research has extensively documented the experiences of illness of people living with HIV, dating, marriage, and fatherhood among heterosexual Latino men has not been examined. To address this gap, this study used a qualitative study design to examine patterns and strategies for dating, marriage, and parenthood among 24 HIV-positive heterosexual Puerto Rican men living in Boston. The findings in our study indicate that an HIV diagnosis does not necessarily deter men from having an active sexual life, marrying, or having children. In fact, for some of the men, engaging in these social and life-changing events is part of moving on and normalizing life with HIV; these men planned for, achieved, and interpreted these events in the context of establishing normalcy with HIV. Although the HIV diagnosis discouraged some men from engaging in sexual relations, getting married, or having children, others fulfilled these desires with strategies aimed to reconciling their HIV status in their personal life, including dating or marrying HIV-positive women only. Additional important themes identified in this study include the decision to disclose HIV status to new sexual partners as well as the decision to accept the risk of HIV transmission to a child or partner in order to fulfill desires of fatherhood. Understanding the personal struggles, decision-making patterns, and needs of HIV-positive heterosexual men can aid in designing interventions that support healthy living with HIV.

scholarly journals ‘Know that You are not Alone.’ Influences of Social Support on Youth Newly Diagnosed with HIV in Kibera, Kenya: A Qualitative Study Informing Intervention Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lockwood ◽  
Kathryn Lypen ◽  
Firas Shalabi ◽  
Manasi Kumar ◽  
Elizabeth Ngugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Youth Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

The role of social support in assisting youth in developed countries cope with their HIV diagnosis has been examined through a vast body of research; yet, there remains a gap in research around the effects of social support among youth living in sub-Saharan African countries including Kenya. This study aimed to examine the role of social support among Kenyan youth living with HIV, specifically with regard to the variations in influences of this social support. We conducted semi-structured focus group discussions with youth (ages 18 to 27) living in the informal urban settlement of Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya (n = 53). Data analysis followed a phenomenological inquiry framework, and seven major categories of perceived social support influences were identified: (1) linkage to services, (2) antiretroviral (ARV) adherence, (3) self-acceptance of HIV status, (4) healthy and positive living, (5) understanding of what it means to be living with HIV, (6) HIV status disclosure, and (7) family and occupational strengthening. The findings from this study suggest that Kenyan youth living with HIV can benefit from social support in a multitude of ways and can occur across several socio-ecological levels. Future research should further examine these influences, specifically regarding intervention development across socio-ecological levels.

Men's perception and understanding of male-factor infertility in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. S8-S16
Author(s):  
Eleanor L Stevenson ◽  
Cheng Ching-Yu ◽  
Chang Chia-Hao ◽  
Kevin R McEleny
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Male Factor Infertility ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk

Male-factor infertility is a common but stigmatised issue, and men often do not receive the emotional support and the information they need. This study sought to understand awareness of male fertility issues compared to female fertility among the UK general male public, and also what were perceived as being the optimum methods for providing support for affected men, emotionally and through information. Men feel that male infertility is not discussed by the public as much as female infertility. Lifestyle issues that affect male fertility are not well understood, and men affected by infertility desire more support, including online, from health professionals and through peer support. Health professionals, including those in public health, could offer evidence-based programmes to reduce stigma and increase public knowledge about infertility, as well as offer emotional support to men with infertility problems.

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