scholarly journals ‘Know that You are not Alone.’ Influences of Social Support on Youth Newly Diagnosed with HIV in Kibera, Kenya: A Qualitative Study Informing Intervention Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lockwood ◽  
Kathryn Lypen ◽  
Firas Shalabi ◽  
Manasi Kumar ◽  
Elizabeth Ngugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Youth Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

The role of social support in assisting youth in developed countries cope with their HIV diagnosis has been examined through a vast body of research; yet, there remains a gap in research around the effects of social support among youth living in sub-Saharan African countries including Kenya. This study aimed to examine the role of social support among Kenyan youth living with HIV, specifically with regard to the variations in influences of this social support. We conducted semi-structured focus group discussions with youth (ages 18 to 27) living in the informal urban settlement of Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya (n = 53). Data analysis followed a phenomenological inquiry framework, and seven major categories of perceived social support influences were identified: (1) linkage to services, (2) antiretroviral (ARV) adherence, (3) self-acceptance of HIV status, (4) healthy and positive living, (5) understanding of what it means to be living with HIV, (6) HIV status disclosure, and (7) family and occupational strengthening. The findings from this study suggest that Kenyan youth living with HIV can benefit from social support in a multitude of ways and can occur across several socio-ecological levels. Future research should further examine these influences, specifically regarding intervention development across socio-ecological levels.

scholarly journals Disclosure and health-related outcomes among children living with HIV and their caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Amankwah-Poku ◽  
Delight Abla Klutsey ◽  
Kwaku Oppong Asante
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background The prevalence of disclosure of status to children living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is low in most sub-Saharan African countries, leading to poor compliance and adverse psychological outcomes in these children. This study examined the influence of disclosure on health outcomes in children living with HIV and their caregivers. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 155 HIV-positive children between age 6–15 years and their caregivers were administered standardized questionnaires measuring adherence to medication, children's psychological well-being, caregiver burden, and caregivers’ psychological health. Results Results indicated that only 33.5% of the children sampled knew their status. Disclosure of HIV status was significantly related to medication adherence, psychological wellbeing, the burden of caregiving, and the length of the disclosure. A child’s age and level of education were the only demographic variables that significantly predicted disclosure of HIV status. In a hierarchical analysis, after controlling for all demographic variables medication adherence, psychological well-being and burden of caregiving were found to be significant predictors of disclosure of status in children living with HIV. Conclusions Findings suggest the need for disclosure of status among children living with HIV for a positive impact on their medication adherence and psychological health. These findings underscore the need for the development of context-specific interventions that will guide and encourage disclosure of status by caregivers to children living with HIV.

scholarly journals The role of chronic pain and current substance use in predicting negative social support among disadvantaged persons living with HIV/AIDS

AIDS Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1280-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Mitchell ◽  
Allysha C. Maragh-Bass ◽  
Trang Q. Nguyen ◽  
Sarina Isenberg ◽  
Amy R. Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals The role of social support in the association between childhood trauma and depression among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta J Rodriguez ◽  
Stefani A Butts ◽  
Lissa N Mandell ◽  
Stephen M Weiss ◽  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Trauma Ct ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Childhood trauma (CT) – emotional, physical or sexual abuse, or emotional or physical neglect – has been associated with HIV infection and can lead to poor health outcomes and depression in adulthood. Though the impact of CT on depression may be decreased by social support, this may not be true of individuals living with HIV, due to the additive traumatic effects of both CT and acquisition of HIV. This study examined social support, depression, and CT among HIV-infected (n = 134) and HIV-uninfected (n = 306) men and women. Participants (N = 440) were assessed regarding sociodemographic characteristics, CT, depression, and social support. Participants were racially and ethnically diverse, 36 ± 9 years of age on average, and 44% had an income of less than USD$500 a month. Among HIV-uninfected individuals, social support explained the association between depression in persons with CT ( b = 0.082, bCI [0.044, 0.130]). Among HIV-infected individuals, after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, social support did not explain the association between depression and CT due to lower levels of social support among HIV-infected individuals [95% CI: −0.006, 0.265]. The quality of social support may differ among HIV-infected persons due to decreased social support and smaller social networks among those living with HIV. Depressive symptoms among those living with HIV appear to be less influenced by social support, likely due to the additive effects of HIV infection combined with CT.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-244
Author(s):  
Leonardo R. Arriola ◽  
Martha C. Johnson ◽  
Melanie L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Politics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Gendered Institutions ◽  
The Impact

The concluding chapter revisits the main hypotheses regarding women’s experiences as aspirants, candidates, and legislators. Complemented by tables summarizing key findings, the chapter identifies where and how the book’s studies of Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Uganda, and Zambia either uphold or contradict hypotheses from the existing literature. Building on this summary, the chapter presents an agenda for future research on women’s political participation in African countries focused on the importance of financial constraints for women’s candidacies, the role of violence in shaping women’s political options, and the impact women in power have on gendered institutions. The book ends on an optimistic note, arguing that despite these barriers, the case studies clearly demonstrate that women are adept at securing a place for themselves, and asserting their voice, in local and national politics.

scholarly journals Strategies Employed by Community-Based Service Providers to Address HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Challenges: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821882233
Author(s):  
Renato M. Liboro ◽  
Sean B. Rourke ◽  
Francisco Ibañez-Carrasco ◽  
Andrew Eaton ◽  
Daniel Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and other causes of neurocognitive challenges experienced by people living with HIV (PLWH) persist as public health concerns in developed countries. Consequently, PLWH who experience neurocognitive challenges increasingly require social support and mental health services from community-based providers in the HIV sector. Methods: Thirty-three providers from 22 AIDS service organizations across Ontario, Canada, were interviewed to determine the strategies they used to support PLWH experiencing neurocognitive difficulties. Thematic analysis was conducted to determine key themes from the interview data. Results: Three types of strategies were identified: (a) intrapersonal, (b) interpersonal, and (c) organizational. Intrapersonal strategies involved learning and staying informed about causes of neurocognitive challenges. Interpersonal strategies included providing practical assistance, information, counseling, and/or referrals to PLWH. Organizational strategies included creating dedicated support groups for PLWH experiencing neurocognitive challenges, partnering with other organizations with services not available within their own organization, and advocating for greater access to services with expertise and experience working with PLWH. Conclusion: Through concerted efforts in the future, it is likely that empirically investigating, developing, and customizing these strategies specifically to address HIV-associated neurocognitive challenges will yield improved social support and mental health outcomes for PLWH.

The National Libraries of the Countries of the Francophonie: A Comparative Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Marcel Lajeunesse
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
National Library ◽  
African Countries ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
National Libraries

The International Organization of the Francophonie (Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, OIF) which developed over the last decades of the twentieth century brings together, as of 2008, 53 State and government full members and 13 observer members, spread out over five continents. The Répertoire des bibliothèques nationales de la Francophonie, which is in its third edition (2008), presents index cards on every national library, or library fulfilling such a role, of each member or observer country. After presenting an overview of the International Organization of the Francophonie, this article looks at the creation of the national library in each country, legal deposit and national bibliography. Then, communication (websites) and international relations (membership of IFLA) are addressed. Of the 63 countries surveyed, only 9 countries do not have a national library, although the majority of these nine countries have another institution – a national documentation centre, public or parliamentary library or national archives – that normally fulfils the functions of a national library. It must be recognized that there is a large disparity between the national libraries of developed countries in Europe and North America and those in developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Antilles. In some sub-Saharan African countries, the national library has only a nominal existence.

Mental health among adolescents living with HIV in Namibia: the role of poverty, orphanhood and social support

AIDS Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (sup2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelene G. Gentz ◽  
Isabel Calonge-Romano ◽  
Rosario Martínez-Arias ◽  
Chengbo Zeng ◽  
Mónica Ruiz-Casares
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Living With Hiv

Collective Guilt and Attitudes Toward Recycling: Data From a North Queensland Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Pensini ◽  
Nerina J. Caltabiano
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Relevant Domain

There is overwhelming evidence that environmental concerns currently facing the modern world are, at least partly, due to the unsustainable use of resources in developed countries. In this study, feelings of collective guilt in members of a developed nation, Australia, were investigated as a factor motivating individuals to recycle. Eighty-five participants from North Queensland (24 male, 61 female; aged 17 to 64, M = 24.16, SD = 8.42) completed self-report measures of collective guilt, social desirability, social norms, attitudes toward recycling and percentage of household rubbish recycled. As predicted, those accepting more collective guilt for the actions of their ingroup reported more favourable attitudes toward recycling. However, collective guilt failed to predict actual recycling behaviour. The same was found for social norms in that they predicted attitudes to recycling, but not the amount of rubbish recycled. Attitudes toward recycling were the only successful predictor of the amount of rubbish recycled. This study has demonstrated the role of the emotion of collective guilt and social norms in one environmentally relevant domain. Avenues for future research regarding the implications of collective guilt on ecological behaviour have been discussed.

scholarly journals What is the overlap between HIV and shigellosis epidemics in England: further evidence of MSM transmission?

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthi Mohan ◽  
Matthew Hibbert ◽  
Graeme Rooney ◽  
Malcolm Canvin ◽  
Tristan Childs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Travel History ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

BackgroundEvidence suggests that sexual transmission between men has replaced foreign travel as the predominant mode of Shigella transmission in England. However, sexuality and HIV status are not routinely recorded for laboratory-reported Shigella, and the role of HIV in the Shigella epidemic is not well understood.MethodsThe Modular Open Laboratory Information System containing all Shigella cases reported to Public Health England (PHE) and the PHE HIV and AIDS Reporting System holding all adults living with diagnosed HIV in England were matched using a combination of Soundex code, date of birth and gender.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2015, 88 664 patients were living with HIV, and 10 269 Shigella cases were reported in England; 9% (873/10 269) of Shigella cases were diagnosed with HIV, of which 93% (815/873) were in men. Shigella cases without reported travel history were more likely to be living with HIV than those who had travelled (14% (751/5427) vs 3% (134/4854); p<0.01). From 2004 to 2015, the incidence of Shigella in men with HIV rose from 47/100 000 to 226/100 000 (p<0.01) peaking in 2014 at 265/100 000, but remained low in women throughout the study period (0–24/100 000). Among Shigella cases without travel and with HIV, 91% (657/720) were men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV preceded Shigella diagnosis in 86% (610/720), and 65% (237/362) had an undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL).DiscussionWe observed a sustained increase in the national rate of shigellosis in MSM with HIV, who may experience more serious clinical disease. Sexual history, HIV status and STI risk might require sensitive investigation in men presenting with gastroenteritis.

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