Cattle Review

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
David C Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Selection For

Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider three open access papers on the association between antimicrobial class selection for treatment and retreatment of bovine respiratory disease and the development of antimicrobial resistance, between- and within-species transmission of bovine tuberculosis, and digital dermatitis in grazing dairy herds.

Serotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Mannheimia haemolytica strains from European cattle with bovine respiratory disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Andrés-Lasheras ◽  
Rahat Zaheer ◽  
Cassidy Klima ◽  
Haley Sanderson ◽  
Rodrigo Ortega Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
European Cattle

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease—A Broad Cross-Sectional Study of Beef Cattle at Entry Into Canadian Feedlots

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Andrés-Lasheras ◽  
Reuben Ha ◽  
Rahat Zaheer ◽  
Catrione Lee ◽  
Calvin W. Booker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histophilus Somni

A broad, cross-sectional study of beef cattle at entry into Canadian feedlots investigated the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis, bacterial members of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Upon feedlot arrival and before antimicrobials were administered at the feedlot, deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 2,824 feedlot cattle in southern and central Alberta, Canada. Data on the date of feedlot arrival, cattle type (beef, dairy), sex (heifer, bull, steer), weight (kg), age class (calf, yearling), source (ranch direct, auction barn, backgrounding operations), risk of developing BRD (high, low), and weather conditions at arrival (temperature, precipitation, and estimated wind speed) were obtained. Mannheimia haemolytica, P. multocida, and H. somni isolates with multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles associated with the presence of integrative and conjugative elements were isolated more often from dairy-type than from beef-type cattle. Our results showed that beef-type cattle from backgrounding operations presented higher odds of AMR bacteria as compared to auction-derived calves. Oxytetracycline resistance was the most frequently observed resistance across all Pasteurellaceae species and cattle types. Mycoplasma bovis exhibited high macrolide minimum inhibitory concentrations in both cattle types. Whether these MDR isolates establish and persist within the feedlot environment, requires further evaluation.

A literature review of antimicrobial resistance in Pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. DeDonder ◽  
M.D. Apley
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Histophilus Somni

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to perform a critical review of the literature as it pertains to the current status of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle and to provide a concise yet informative narrative on the most relevant publications available. As such, the scientific literature contained in PubMed, AGRICOLA, and CAB were searched in February of 2014 for articles related to susceptibility testing ofMannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, andHistophilus somnifrom cases of BRD. Titles and abstracts were read and 105 articles that were relevant to the subject of BRD antibiotic resistance were attained for further review. After the application of exclusion criterion (publications must have originated from North America, be in English, adhere to standards set forth by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and be concerning antimicrobial resistance in BRD in beef cattle), 16 articles remained and are the focus of this publication. Due to the disparate data from the few studies that investigate susceptibility testing of BRD pathogens, a quantitative assessment or meta-analysis was not performed on the studies presented in this review. However, considering diagnostic lab data, there appears to be a clear trend of a decrease in susceptibility of the three major BRD pathogens to the antimicrobials used commonly for treatment and control of BRD. Studies performing sensitivity testing on healthy cattle report much lower resistance, but it remains unclear if this is because of a true lack of resistance mechanisms, or if the isolates do contain quiescent genes for resistance that are only phenotypically expressed following the administration of an antimicrobial for either treatment or control of BRD. Future research to address this question of genotype and phenotypic expression before and after antimicrobial administration will further advance our knowledge in this area.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Members of the Bacterial Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Isolated from Lung Tissue of Cattle Mortalities Managed with or without the Use of Antimicrobials

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Stanford ◽  
Rahat Zaheer ◽  
Cassidy Klima ◽  
Tim McAllister ◽  
Delores Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Elements ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex ◽  
Core Genes

Over a two-year period, Mannheimia haemolytica (MH; n = 113), Pasteurella multocida (PM; n = 47), Histophilus somni (HS; n = 41) and Mycoplasma bovis (MB; n = 227) were isolated from bovine lung tissue at necropsy from cattle raised conventionally (CON, n = 29 feedlots) or without antimicrobials [natural (NAT), n = 2 feedlots]. Excluding MB, isolates were assayed by PCR to detect the presence of 13 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and five core genes associated with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, µg/mL) were determined for a subset of isolates (MH, n = 104; PM, n = 45; HS, n = 23; and MB, n = 61) using Sensititre analyses. A subset of isolates (n = 21) was also evaluated by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) based on variation in AMR phenotype. All five ICE core genes were detected in PM and HS by PCR, but only 3/5 were present in MH. Presence of mco and tnpA ICE core genes in MH was associated with higher MICs (p < 0.05) for all tetracyclines, and 2/3 of all macrolides, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones evaluated. In contrast, association of ICE core genes with MICs was largely restricted to macrolides for PM and to individual tetracyclines and macrolides for HS. For MH, the average number of AMR genes markedly increased (p < 0.05) in year 2 of the study due to the emergence of a strain that was PCR positive for all 13 PCR-tested AMR genes as well as two additional AMR genes (aadA31 and blaROB-1) detected by WGS. Conventional management of cattle increased (p < 0.05) MICs of tilmicosin and tulathromycin for MH; neomycin and spectinomycin for PM; and gamithromycin and tulathromycin for MB. The average number of PCR-detected AMR genes in PM was also increased (p < 0.05) in CON mortalities. This study demonstrates increased AMR especially to macrolides by bovine respiratory disease organisms in CON as compared to NAT feedlots and a rapid increase in AMR following dissemination of strain(s) carrying ICE-associated multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Digital Dermatitis, Footrot and Bovine Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Cortes ◽  
S Hendrick ◽  
E Janzen ◽  
E A Pajor ◽  
K Orsel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Partial Budget

Abstract Digital dermatitis has emerged in North American feedlots, although production and economic impacts are not fully understood. Objectives of this study were to: 1) estimate economic impact of a single case of digital dermatitis (DD), foot rot (FR) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot cattle; and 2) determine its impact on average daily gain (ADG). Feedlot cattle health and production records were available from 2 feedlots for a 3-year interval. The dataset consisted of 77,115 animal records, with 19.3% (14,900) diagnosed with a disease. Diseased animals were categorized in 5 groups: DD, FR, BRD, other diseases (OT) and 2 or more diseases (TM), with a treatment cumulative incidence of 6.0, 59.1, 10.7, 12.7 and 11.5%, respectively. Foot rot was the disease with the highest cumulative incidence in both heifers and steers (58.8 and 59.6%, respectively). Of all fall placed cattle diagnosed with any disease, 48.1% of cases were FR. Digital dermatitis affected the partial budget in 5 out of the 8 groups of cattle, with the highest impact of DD seen in grass yearling heifers (GYH) and grass yearling steers (GYS): $-98 and $-96 CAD, respectively relative to their healthier counterparts. Healthy cattle had a significantly higher ADG compared to DD cattle in 5 of 8 categories, ranging from 0.11 kg/d in winter placed heifers to 0.17 kg/d in fall placed steers. In the economic analysis it was concluded that on an individual animal basis BRD was the most impactful of all analyzed diseases, where DD was second, marking the importance of controlling and mitigating this foot condition. Identifying differential effects of diseases on a partial budget analysis and ADG of the types of cattle stratified by sex, enables feedlot producers to focus control and mitigation strategies on specific groups.

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