scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Members of the Bacterial Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Isolated from Lung Tissue of Cattle Mortalities Managed with or without the Use of Antimicrobials

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Stanford ◽  
Rahat Zaheer ◽  
Cassidy Klima ◽  
Tim McAllister ◽  
Delores Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Elements ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex ◽  
Core Genes

Over a two-year period, Mannheimia haemolytica (MH; n = 113), Pasteurella multocida (PM; n = 47), Histophilus somni (HS; n = 41) and Mycoplasma bovis (MB; n = 227) were isolated from bovine lung tissue at necropsy from cattle raised conventionally (CON, n = 29 feedlots) or without antimicrobials [natural (NAT), n = 2 feedlots]. Excluding MB, isolates were assayed by PCR to detect the presence of 13 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and five core genes associated with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, µg/mL) were determined for a subset of isolates (MH, n = 104; PM, n = 45; HS, n = 23; and MB, n = 61) using Sensititre analyses. A subset of isolates (n = 21) was also evaluated by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) based on variation in AMR phenotype. All five ICE core genes were detected in PM and HS by PCR, but only 3/5 were present in MH. Presence of mco and tnpA ICE core genes in MH was associated with higher MICs (p < 0.05) for all tetracyclines, and 2/3 of all macrolides, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones evaluated. In contrast, association of ICE core genes with MICs was largely restricted to macrolides for PM and to individual tetracyclines and macrolides for HS. For MH, the average number of AMR genes markedly increased (p < 0.05) in year 2 of the study due to the emergence of a strain that was PCR positive for all 13 PCR-tested AMR genes as well as two additional AMR genes (aadA31 and blaROB-1) detected by WGS. Conventional management of cattle increased (p < 0.05) MICs of tilmicosin and tulathromycin for MH; neomycin and spectinomycin for PM; and gamithromycin and tulathromycin for MB. The average number of PCR-detected AMR genes in PM was also increased (p < 0.05) in CON mortalities. This study demonstrates increased AMR especially to macrolides by bovine respiratory disease organisms in CON as compared to NAT feedlots and a rapid increase in AMR following dissemination of strain(s) carrying ICE-associated multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay using two thermocycling platforms for detection of major bacterial pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex from clinical samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Loy ◽  
Laura Leger ◽  
Aspen M. Workman ◽  
Michael L. Clawson ◽  
Ece Bulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is one of the most significant diseases of cattle. Bacterial pathogens involved in BRDC include Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, Histophilus somni, and Pasteurella multocida. We developed and evaluated a multiplexed real-time hydrolysis probe (rtPCR) assay using block-based Peltier and rotary-based thermocycling on lung tissue, nasal swabs, and deep nasopharyngeal swabs. The rtPCR results were compared to culture or a gel-based M. bovis PCR using statistical analysis to determine optimum quantification cycle (Cq) cutoffs to maximize agreement. The limits of detection were 1.2–12 CFU/reaction for each pathogen. M. haemolytica was the most prevalent organism detected by rtPCR, and was most frequently found with P. multocida. The rtPCR assay enabled enhanced levels of detection over culture for all pathogens on both thermocycling platforms. The rotary-based thermocycler had significantly lower Cq cutoffs (35.2 vs. 39.7), which maximized agreement with gold standard culture or gel-based PCR results following receiver operating characteristic analysis to maximize sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). However, overall assay Se and Sp were similar on both platforms (80.5% Se, 88.8% Sp vs. 80.1% Se, 88.3% Sp). Implementation of these tests could enhance the detection of these pathogens, and with high-throughput workflows could reduce assay time and provide more rapid results. The assays may be especially valuable in identifying coinfections, given that many more antemortem samples tested in our study were positive for 2 or more pathogens by rtPCR ( n = 125) than were detected using culture alone ( n = 25).

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease—A Broad Cross-Sectional Study of Beef Cattle at Entry Into Canadian Feedlots

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Andrés-Lasheras ◽  
Reuben Ha ◽  
Rahat Zaheer ◽  
Catrione Lee ◽  
Calvin W. Booker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histophilus Somni

A broad, cross-sectional study of beef cattle at entry into Canadian feedlots investigated the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis, bacterial members of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Upon feedlot arrival and before antimicrobials were administered at the feedlot, deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 2,824 feedlot cattle in southern and central Alberta, Canada. Data on the date of feedlot arrival, cattle type (beef, dairy), sex (heifer, bull, steer), weight (kg), age class (calf, yearling), source (ranch direct, auction barn, backgrounding operations), risk of developing BRD (high, low), and weather conditions at arrival (temperature, precipitation, and estimated wind speed) were obtained. Mannheimia haemolytica, P. multocida, and H. somni isolates with multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles associated with the presence of integrative and conjugative elements were isolated more often from dairy-type than from beef-type cattle. Our results showed that beef-type cattle from backgrounding operations presented higher odds of AMR bacteria as compared to auction-derived calves. Oxytetracycline resistance was the most frequently observed resistance across all Pasteurellaceae species and cattle types. Mycoplasma bovis exhibited high macrolide minimum inhibitory concentrations in both cattle types. Whether these MDR isolates establish and persist within the feedlot environment, requires further evaluation.

scholarly journals Efficacy of an extended-release tilmicosin preparation and tulathromycin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Sumano ◽  
José A. Valencia ◽  
Marcela Viveros ◽  
Graciela Tapia-Pérez ◽  
Lilia Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Before And After

A trial to evaluate the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was established with tulathromycin (Tul-group) and tilmicosin (Til-group). This latter antibacterial drug is pharmaceutically prepared for 8-10 d sustained release. The challenge was carried out with spontaneously BRD-affected bulls, divided into Til-group (ɳ=44) and Tul-group (ɳ=50). Bulls were treated only once with either antibacterial drugs. Bacteriological analysis, arterial and venous blood chemistry, gasometrical parameters, and body temperature were obtained before and after treatment. The clinical cure rate was registered on days 7, 15, and 30. No mortality was observed. Clinical cure was statistically undistinguishable on these days (P> 0.05), and in both groups, all animals were considered healthy until day 30. Only customary pathogens were isolated i.e., Mannhemia hemolytica 38.88% (70/180), Pasteurella multocida 26.11% (47/180), Histophilus somni 18.33% (33/180, and Trueperella pyogenes 16.66% (30/180).

scholarly journals House Flies (Musca domestica) Pose a Risk of Carriage and Transmission of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Neupane ◽  
Nayduch ◽  
Zurek
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Potential Reservoir

House flies are important nuisance pests in a variety of confined livestock operations. More importantly, house flies are known mechanical vectors of numerous animal and human pathogens. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important, complex illness of cattle associated with several bacteria and viruses. The role of flies in the ecology and transmission of bacterial pathogens associated with BRD is not understood. Using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, we examined the prevalence of the BRD bacterial complex Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni in house flies collected in a commercial feedlot from a pen with cattle exhibiting apparent BRD symptoms. Using both methods, M. haemolytica was detected in 11.7% of house flies, followed by P. multocida (5.0%) and H. somni (3.3%). The presence of BRD bacterial pathogens in house flies suggests that this insect plays a role in the ecology of BRD pathogens and could pose a risk as a potential reservoir and/or a vector of BRD pathogens among individual cattle and in their environment.

scholarly journals Closed Genome Sequences and Antibiograms of 16 Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Cases and Apparently Healthy Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Harhay ◽  
Dayna M. Harhay ◽  
James L. Bono ◽  
Timothy P. L. Smith ◽  
Sarah F. Capik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Pasteurella multocida is an animal-associated Gram-negative member of the Pasteurellaceae family. It is an opportunistic pathogen and is one of the principal bacterial species contributing to bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in feedlot cattle.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Paolo Capozza ◽  
Michele Losurdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a serious health and economic problem in the beef industry, which is often associated with transportation and caused by different pathogens. The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, in the nasal microbiota of beef steers before and after the same long-distance journey from France to southern Italy was documented. Fifty-six Limousine animals of three different shipments, travelling on three different days from February to April, were included. Prior to shipment (T0) and four days after arrival (T1), two DNS/animal were collected and tested by Real Time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Univariate logistic regression was carried out, considering time and day as fixed factors and the outcome of qPCR for each pathogen as a dependent categorical dichotomous variable (positive/negative, 1/0). The fact that the number of H. somni positive animals were found to be higher in the third shipment than the first and second one, indicating that this pathogen was already present before loading, is relevant. The prevalence of BCoV, BRSV, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, P. multocida was higher at T1 than T0, suggesting that other factors, such as stress and the epidemiological status of the arrival farm, played a role. The tested animals were not treated before and after transport, and our results are in agreement with the current literature, supporting the hypothesis that the prevalence of pathogens related to BRD would increase after travelling, with an increased risk of pathogens shedding.

A literature review of antimicrobial resistance in Pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. DeDonder ◽  
M.D. Apley
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Histophilus Somni

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to perform a critical review of the literature as it pertains to the current status of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle and to provide a concise yet informative narrative on the most relevant publications available. As such, the scientific literature contained in PubMed, AGRICOLA, and CAB were searched in February of 2014 for articles related to susceptibility testing ofMannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, andHistophilus somnifrom cases of BRD. Titles and abstracts were read and 105 articles that were relevant to the subject of BRD antibiotic resistance were attained for further review. After the application of exclusion criterion (publications must have originated from North America, be in English, adhere to standards set forth by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and be concerning antimicrobial resistance in BRD in beef cattle), 16 articles remained and are the focus of this publication. Due to the disparate data from the few studies that investigate susceptibility testing of BRD pathogens, a quantitative assessment or meta-analysis was not performed on the studies presented in this review. However, considering diagnostic lab data, there appears to be a clear trend of a decrease in susceptibility of the three major BRD pathogens to the antimicrobials used commonly for treatment and control of BRD. Studies performing sensitivity testing on healthy cattle report much lower resistance, but it remains unclear if this is because of a true lack of resistance mechanisms, or if the isolates do contain quiescent genes for resistance that are only phenotypically expressed following the administration of an antimicrobial for either treatment or control of BRD. Future research to address this question of genotype and phenotypic expression before and after antimicrobial administration will further advance our knowledge in this area.

scholarly journals Closed Genome Sequences of Seven Histophilus somni Isolates from Beef Calves with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Harhay ◽  
Dayna M. Harhay ◽  
James L. Bono ◽  
Timothy P. L. Smith ◽  
Sarah F. Capik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

ABSTRACT Histophilus somni is a fastidious Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic Pasteurellaceae that affects multiple organ systems and is one of the principal bacterial species contributing to bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in feed yard cattle. Here, we present seven closed genome sequences isolated from three beef calves showing sign of BRDC.

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