Mechanical Properties of Shape Memory Polymer Modeled by Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (0) ◽  
pp. J0430103
Author(s):  
Akihiro GONDA ◽  
Kohei TAKEDA ◽  
Shunichi HAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

scholarly journals Pressure Orientation-Dependent Recovery of 3D-Printed PLA Objects with Varying Infill Degree

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Ehrmann ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
3D Printed

Poly(lactic acid) is not only one of the most often used materials for 3D printing via fused deposition modeling (FDM), but also a shape-memory polymer. This means that objects printed from PLA can, to a certain extent, be deformed and regenerate their original shape automatically when they are heated to a moderate temperature of about 60–100 °C. It is important to note that pure PLA cannot restore broken bonds, so that it is necessary to find structures which can take up large forces by deformation without full breaks. Here we report on the continuation of previous tests on 3D-printed cubes with different infill patterns and degrees, now investigating the influence of the orientation of the applied pressure on the recovery properties. We find that for the applied gyroid pattern, indentation on the front parallel to the layers gives the worst recovery due to nearly full layer separation, while indentation on the front perpendicular to the layers or diagonal gives significantly better results. Pressing from the top, either diagonal or parallel to an edge, interestingly leads to a different residual strain than pressing from front, with indentation on top always firstly leading to an expansion towards the indenter after the first few quasi-static load tests. To quantitatively evaluate these results, new measures are suggested which could be adopted by other groups working on shape-memory polymers.

Improving mechanical properties of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites produced by FDM 3D printer

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Akhoundi ◽  
Amir Hossein Behravesh ◽  
Arvin Bagheri Saed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Consistent Method

The main purpose of this research is to bolster mechanical properties of the parts, produced by an extrusion-based 3D printer, or fused deposition modeling machine, via increasing the content of continuous fiber yarn to its practical limit. In-melt continuous glass fiber yarn embedding was applied as a reliable and consistent method for simultaneous impregnation to produce continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites in the fused deposition modeling process. It is well known that the main weakness in the fused deposition modeling 3D printed products is their low strength compared to the manufactured ones by conventional methods such as injection molding and machining processes. This characteristic can be related to both inherent weakness of thermoplastic materials and poor adhesion between the deposited rasters and the layers. Although various attempts have been performed to tackle this issue, it is widely believed that using continuous fibers is the most effective method to serve this purpose if a reliable and consistent method is implemented. Since the mechanical properties of continuous fiber-reinforced composites directly depend on the content of fiber volume, maximizing the fiber content as well as producing an integrated part was assumed as the main objective. In this work, an analysis of various patterns of raster deposition was conducted, followed by the experiments and verification. The effective parameters on the fiber yarn volume, such as fiber yarn diameter, fiber yarn laying pattern, extrusion width, layer height, and flow percentage, were investigated and their optimal values were reported. The attained experimental results showed that, for polylactic acid-glass fiber yarn reinforced composite, with the extrusion width of 0.3 mm, the layer heights of 0.22 mm, flow percentage of 0.43, and the rectangular laying pattern, approximately 50% fiber-volume content can be achieved which resulted in tensile yield strength and modulus of 478 MPa and 29.4 GPa, respectively. There was an excellent agreement between these experimental results and predicted theoretically values by rule of mixture.

Additive manufacturing of shape memory polymers: effects of print orientation and infill percentage on mechanical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Villacres ◽  
David Nobes ◽  
Cagri Ayranci
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Fused Deposition

Purpose Material extrusion additive manufacturing, also known as fused deposition modeling, is a manufacturing technique in which objects are built by depositing molten materials layer-by-layer through a nozzle. The use and application of this technique has risen dramatically over the past decade. This paper aims to first, report on the production and characterization of a shape memory polymer material filament that was manufactured to print shape memory polymer objects using material extrusion additive manufacturing. Additionally, it aims to investigate and outline the effects of major printing parameters, such as print orientation and infill percentage, on the elastic and mechanical properties of printed shape memory polymer samples. Design/methodology/approach Infill percentage was tested at three levels, 50, 75 and 100 per cent, while print orientation was tested at four different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the specimens at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. The properties examined were elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength and maximum strain. Findings Results showed that print angle and infill percentage do have a significant impact on the manufactured test samples. Originality/value Findings can significantly influence the tailored design and manufacturing of smart structures using shape memory polymer and material extrusion additive manufacturing.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Shape-Memory Properties of 3D Printed PLA Structures with Different Infills

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Guido Ehrmann ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Shape Memory Properties ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Parameters

Polylactic acid (PLA) belongs to the few thermoplastic polymers that are derived from renewable resources such as corn starch or sugar cane. PLA is often used in 3D printing by fused deposition modeling (FDM) as it is relatively easy to print, does not show warping and can be printed without a closed building chamber. On the other hand, PLA has interesting mechanical properties which are influenced by the printing parameters and geometries. Here we present shape-memory properties of PLA cubes with different infill patterns and percentages, extending the research reported before in a conference paper. We investigate the material response under defined quasi-static load as well as the possibility to restore the original 3D printed shape. The quasi-static flexural properties are linked to the porosity and the infill structure of the samples under investigation as well as to the numbers of closed top layers, examined optically and by simulations. Our results underline the importance of designing the infill patterns carefully to develop samples with desired mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Analysis The Effect Of Internal Geometry On The Mechanical Properties Of Acrylonitril Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Materials Prepared Using 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 07018
Author(s):  
Ivan Junaidy Abdul Karim ◽  
Sukiman B ◽  
Muhammad Fadly Hi. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Internal Geometry ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile And Bending Strength

The process of research and refinement of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printer, surely contains many variables and parameters with the aim of generating a 3D object with the results and the level of accuracy approaching its original design and can be applied as the expected design. In addition to the effect of printer type on the FDM method, the filament material used as a filler to print 3D objects certainly has different mechanical and physical characteristics, thus allowing for different object results for each different filament material. This research was conducted to determine the effect of internal variations of its geometry and dimensions on the mechanical properties of ABS using a 3D Printer. The internal geometries that are varied are triangle and honeycomb, with variations in thickness for each geometry are 1 mm and 2 mm, and variations in the axis of symmetry are 4.5 mm and 9 mm. The results showed that the control sample had tensile and bending strength results that matched the ABS filament datasheet reference. Objects with an internal geometry triangle in the size 4.5 mm and 2 mm of thickness have better tensile and bending strength than honeycomb geometry.

Physical property of 3D-printed sinusoidal pattern using shape memory TPU filament

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 2399-2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaj Kabir ◽  
Hyelim Kim ◽  
Sunhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sinusoidal Pattern

This study has investigated the physical properties of 3D-printable shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane (SMTPU) filament and its 3D-printed sinusoidal pattern obtained by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. To investigate 3D filaments, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and SMTPU filament were examined by conducting infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a tensile test. Then, to examine the 3D-printed sinusoidal samples, a sinusoidal pattern was developed and 3D-printed. Those samples went through a three-step heating process: (a) untreated state; (b) 5 min heating at 70°C, cooling for 30 min at room temperature; and (c) a repeat of step 2. The results obtained by the three different heating processes of the 3D-printed sinusoidal samples were examined by XRD, DMTA, DSC and the tensile test to obtain the effect of heating or annealing on the structural and mechanical properties. The results show significant changes in structure, crystallinity and thermal and mechanical properties of SMTPU 3D-printed samples due to the heating steps. XRD showed the increase in crystallinity with heating. In DMTA, storage modulus, loss modulus and the tan σ peak position also changed for various heating steps. The DSC result showed that the Tg for different steps of the SMTPU 3D-printed sample remained almost the same at around 51°C. The tensile property of the TPU 3D-printed sinusoidal sample decreased in terms of both load and elongation with increased heating processes, while for the SMTPU 3D-printed sinusoidal sample, the load decreased but elongation increased about 2.5 times.

Synthesis and properties of modified PBT for FDM

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqing Cao ◽  
Dandan Yu ◽  
Weilan Xue ◽  
Zuoxiang Zeng ◽  
Wanyu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare a new modified polybutylene terephalate (MPBT) for fused deposition modeling (FDM) to increase the variety of materials compatible with printing. And the printing materials can be used to print components with a complex structure and functional mechanical parts. Design/methodology/approach The MPBT, poly(butylene terephalate-co-isophthalate-co-sebacate) (PBTIS), was prepared for FDM by direct esterification and subsequent polycondensation using terephthalic acid (PTA), isophthalic acid (PIA), sebacic acid (SA) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). The effects of the content of PIA (20-40 mol%) on the mechanical properties of PBTIS were investigated when the mole per cent of SA (αSA) is zero. The effects of αSA (0-7mol%) on the thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of PBTIS were investigated at nPTA/nPIA = 7/3. A desktop wire drawing and extruding machine was used to fabricate the filaments, whose printability and anisotropy were tested by three-dimensional (3D) printing experiments. Findings A candidate content of PIA introducing into PBT was obtained to be about 30 per cent, and the Izod notched impact strength of PBTIS increased with the increase of αSA. The results showed that the PBTIS (nPTA/nPIA = 7/3, αSA = 3-5mol%) is suitable for FDM. Originality/value New printing materials with good Izod notched impact strength were obtained by introducing PIA and SA (nPTA/nPIA = 7/3, αSA = 3-5 mol%) into PBT and their anisotropy are better than that of ABS.

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