scholarly journals Detection of Multi-Class Retinal Diseases Using Artificial Intelligence: An Expeditious Learning Using Deep CNN with Minimal Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1577-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Sanjay Kumar P. ◽  
R J Madhusudan Madhusudan ◽  
S K Sundaramoorthy Sundaramoorthy ◽  
P K Krishnan Namboori3
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Deep Cnn ◽  
The Right ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

The health-related complications such as diabetes, macular degeneration, inflammatory conditions, ageing and fungal infections may cause damages to the retina and the macula of the eye, leading to permanent vision loss. The major diseases associated with retina are Arteriosclerotic retinopathy (AR), Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), Coat's disease (CD) and Hemi-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (HRVO). The symptomatic variations among these disorders are relatively confusing so that a systematic diagnostic strategy is difficult to set in. Therefore, an early detection device is required that is capable of differentiating the various ophthalmic complications and thereby helping in providing the right treatment to the patient at the right time. In this research work, 'Deep Convolution Neural Networks (Deep CNN) based machine learning approach has been used for the detection of the twelve major retinal complications from the minimal set of fundus images. The model was further cross-validated with real-time fundus images. The model is found to be superior in its efficiency, specificity and ability to minimize the misclassification. The “multi-class retinal disease” model on further cross-validation with real-time fundus image of the gave an accuracy of 95.63 %, validation accuracy of 92.99 % and F1 score of 91.96 %. The multi-class model is found to be a theranostic clinical support system for the ophthalmologist for diagnosing different kinds of retinal problems, especially BRAO, BRVO, CRAO, CD, DR, HRVO, HP, HR, and CN.

scholarly journals Deep Neural Network-Based Method for Detecting Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Using Ultrawide-Field Fundus Ophthalmoscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Nagasato ◽  
Hitoshi Tabuchi ◽  
Hideharu Ohsugi ◽  
Hiroki Masumoto ◽  
Hiroki Enno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

The aim of this study is to assess the performance of two machine-learning technologies, namely, deep learning (DL) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms, for detecting central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in ultrawide-field fundus images. Images from 125 CRVO patients (n=125 images) and 202 non-CRVO normal subjects (n=238 images) were included in this study. Training to construct the DL model using deep convolutional neural network algorithms was provided using ultrawide-field fundus images. The SVM uses scikit-learn library with a radial basis function kernel. The diagnostic abilities of DL and the SVM were compared by assessing their sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve for CRVO. For diagnosing CRVO, the DL model had a sensitivity of 98.4% (95% confidence interval (CI), 94.3–99.8%) and a specificity of 97.9% (95% CI, 94.6–99.1%) with an AUC of 0.989 (95% CI, 0.980–0.999). In contrast, the SVM model had a sensitivity of 84.0% (95% CI, 76.3–89.3%) and a specificity of 87.5% (95% CI, 82.7–91.1%) with an AUC of 0.895 (95% CI, 0.859–0.931). Thus, the DL model outperformed the SVM model in all indices assessed (P<0.001 for all). Our data suggest that a DL model derived using ultrawide-field fundus images could distinguish between normal and CRVO images with a high level of accuracy and that automatic CRVO detection in ultrawide-field fundus ophthalmoscopy is possible. This proposed DL-based model can also be used in ultrawide-field fundus ophthalmoscopy to accurately diagnose CRVO and improve medical care in remote locations where it is difficult for patients to attend an ophthalmic medical center.

scholarly journals Using ultra-widefield red channel images to improve the detection of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260383
Author(s):  
Akinori Sato ◽  
Ryo Asaoka ◽  
Shin Tanaka ◽  
Koichi Nagura ◽  
Yui Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Fundus Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Purpose To examine the usefulness of red channel fundus imaging to detect the ischemic status in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods Ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus images were obtained from 42 eyes with CRVO. Twenty-one eyes were ischemic, and 21 eyes were non-ischemic. Rubeosis was found in 11 ischemic eyes. UWF images were split into red and green channels using ImageJ software. Both the color and red channel images were used to predict the presence or absence of ischemia when examined by masked graders. The sensitivity and specificity of UWF imagings for the detection of ischemia were calculated in Group A (total 42 eyes), Group B (32 eyes excluding non-rubeotic ischemic CRVO) and Group C (31 eyes excluding rubeotic ischemic CRVO), respectively. Moreover, a linear mixed model was conducted to investigate the relationship between the type of images and the accuracy of prediction in each group. Results No significant difference in the sensitivity of color fundus imaging was seen between Group A and Group B. By contrast, a significant difference in the sensitivity of red channel imaging was seen between Group A and Group B (p = 0.031). The accuracies of the predictions were not associated with the type of image in Group A and Group B, but were significantly associated in Group C (p = 0.026). Conclusions UWF red channel imaging enabled more accurate detection of the ischemic status, compared with color fundus images, especially in non-rubeotic CRVO eyes.

scholarly journals IL-18 and S100A12 Are Upregulated in Experimental Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Cehofski ◽  
Anders Kruse ◽  
Svend Kirkeby ◽  
Alexander Alsing ◽  
Jonas Ellegaard Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Argon Laser ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease. RVO may be complicated by pronounced ischemia that often leads to severe loss of visual function. The present work aimed at studying the retinal proteome of RVO complicated by ischemia. In six Danish Landrace pigs RVO was induced with argon laser in the right eye of each animal. As four retinal veins were occluded, the RVO best corresponded to a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Left control eyes received a similar laser treatment without inducing occlusion. RVO and retinal ischemia were verified by angiography. The retinas were collected 15 days after RVO for proteomic analysis. RVO resulted in a downregulation of proteins involved in visual perception, including rhodopsin, transducin alpha chain, and peripherin-2. RVO also caused a downregulation of proteins involved in neurotransmitter transport, including glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2), and complexins 2–4. RVO lead to increased contents of proteins involved in inflammation, including interleukin-18 (IL-18), S100A12, and annexin A1 (ANXA1). Immunohistochemistry revealed a general retinal upregulation of IL-18 and ANXA1 while S100A12 was highly abundant in retinal ganglion cells in RVO. IL-18 and S100A12 are likely to be driving forces in the inflammatory response of RVO complicated by ischemia. Our findings also suggest that RVO results in compromised neurotransmission and a downregulation of proteins involved in visual perception.

scholarly journals Background Factors Affecting Visual Acuity at Initial Visit in Eyes with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: Multicenter Study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5619
Author(s):  
Mineo Kondo ◽  
Hidetaka Noma ◽  
Masahiko Shimura ◽  
Masahiko Sugimoto ◽  
Yoshitsugu Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Purpose: To determine the baseline characteristics of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) that were significantly associated with the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the initial examination. Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study using the medical records registered in 17 ophthalmological institutions in Japan. Patients with untreated CRVO (≥20-years-of-age) who were initially examined between January 2013 and December 2017 were studied. The patients’ baseline factors that were significantly associated with the BCVA at the initial examination were determined by univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: Data from 517 eyes of 517 patients were analyzed. Univariate analyses showed that an older age (r = 0.194, p < 0.001) and the right eye (r = −0.103, p < 0.019) were significantly associated with poorer BCVA at the initial visit. Multivariate analyses also showed that an older age (β = 0.191, p < 0.001) and the right eye (β = −0.089, p = 0.041) were significantly associated with poorer BCVA at the initial visit. Conclusions: The results indicate that an older age, a known strong factor, and the right eye were significantly associated with poorer BCVA at the initial visit to the hospital. These results suggest that functional and/or anatomical differences between the right and left eyes may be involved in these results.

scholarly journals Effect Anti VEGF Intravitreal to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Tiara Mayasari ◽  
Ramzi Amin ◽  
AK Ansyori
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Introduction. The cause of blood vessels abnormalities in the retina in addition to diabetes is obstruction in the veins. In general, retinal vein blockages are distinguished in two types i.e. blockage of retinal veins (BRVO) and obstruction of the central vein of the retina (CRVO). Reported a case of a central retinal vein occlusion with intravitreal anti-injection treatment of a VEGF Bevacizumab. Case presentation. A man, Mr. T, aged 52 years, with an address outside the city, the work of the foreman, came to RSMH's eye on October 2014. Anamnesis the main complaint of the right eye eyesight was suddenly dark since, one day before. One day before go to hospital, the sufferer complained about the right eye suddenly until it felt dark. He also complain often headaches without nausea and vomiting since before his right eye vision becomes blurred. Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in these patients is planned to be re-done 4-6 weeks after the first injection if there has been no improvement in his vision. Evaluation of the effectiveness of intravitreal Bevacizumab anti-VEGF therapy through sharp improvement of vision, clinical features and anatomical improvement. Conclusion. A case of central retinal vein occlusion was reported in a 52-year-old male. After anamnesis, ophthalmologic examination and investigations, a diagnosis of CRVO is managed by intravitreal Anti VEGF injection.

scholarly journals Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Patient with Retinal Vasculitis and Crohn’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Lígia Figueiredo ◽  
Renata Rothwell ◽  
Arnaldo Brandão ◽  
Sofia Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

The authors report a rare case of a 47-year-old woman with Crohn’s disease (CD) who presented with retinal vasculitis and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) during remission. The patient complained of sudden painless visual loss in her left eye (OS). Ophthalmologic evaluation revealed a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20 in the right eye and hand movements in OS. Ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography of OS showed signs of nonischemic CRVO and extensive vasculitis. She was treated with oral prednisolone, mercaptopurine, and intravitreal bevacizumab in OS. After 1 month of treatment, VA of OS improved to 5/10 and after 1 year it was 10/10 with complete resolution of retinal vasculitis and nonischemic CRVO.

Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Hang Pham ◽  
Levent Akduman ◽  
Sweta Kavali
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral central retinal vein occlusion in a young female patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methods: Case report and literature review. Patient: A 33-year-old female with a history of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension initially presented with progressive vision loss in the right eye and subsequently presented with vision loss in the left eye 2 weeks later. Results: Clinical examination revealed central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in the right eye followed by CRVO in the left eye within 2 weeks as confirmed by clinical examination, fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and fundus fluorescein angiography. Conclusion: Central retinal vein occlusion is an ocular finding associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension and can be bilateral.

Hypercoagulability and High Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Patients with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bandello ◽  
Silvana Vigano’ D’Angelo ◽  
Mariella Parlavecchia ◽  
Alessandra Tavola ◽  
Patrizia Della Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Acute Event ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

SummaryA series of coagulation parameters and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) were explored in plasma from 40 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO, non-ischemic type n = 12; ischemic type n = 28) free of local and systemic predisposing factors, 1 to 12 months after the acute event. Forty age- and sex-matched patients with cataract served as controls. Prothrombin fragment 1.2 (FI.2), D-dimer, FVII:C - but not FVII: Ag - were higher and fibrinogen was lower in CRVO patients than in controls. Patients with non-ischemic CRVO had higher FI .2 and FVII:C and lower heparin cofactor II than patients with ischemic CRVO. Lp(a) levels greater than 300 mg/1 were observed in 12 patients with CRVO and in 4 controls (30% vs 10%, p <0.025). Patients with high Lp(a) - consistently associated with the S2 phenotype - had higher FVII:C, FVII:C/Ag ratio, and fibrinogen than the remaining CRVO patients. Plasma FI.2 and D-dimer correlated fairly in controls (r = 0.41) and patients with normal Lp(a) levels (r = 0.55), but they did not in the group of patients with high Lp(a) (r = 0.19), where the latter parameter was negatively related to D-dimer (r = −0.55). There was no dependence of the abnormalities observed on the time elapsed from vein occlusion. The findings of activated FVII and high FI.2, D-dimer, and Lp(a) are not uncommon in patients with CRVO. Increased thrombin formation with fibrin deposition and impaired fibrinolysis may play a role in the pathophysiology of CRVO and require specific treatment

Retinal Vascular Occlusive Disorders - Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivcharan Lal Chandravanshi, Sunil Kumar Shrivastava, Priyanka Agnihotri, Smriti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

Aims and Objective - The aim of the present study is to identify risk factors associated with different retinal vascular occlusive diseases (RVOD), such as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), hemi-retinal artery occlusion (HRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), cilioretinal artery occlusion (Cilio-RAO), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and hemi-retinal vein occlusion (HRVO). Patients and Method - A cross-sectional study on 114 consecutive subjects, aged 24-96 years who have attended at the outpatient department of ophthalmology at Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, MP, were included in the study. The Duration of study was January 2016 to December 2017. Only patients with CRAO, BRAO, HRAO, Cilio-RAO, CRVO, BRVO, and HRVO were included in the study. Other retinal vascular disorders such as diabetic vaso-occlusive disease, anterior and posterior ischemic and non-ischemic neuropathy, hypertensive retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, retinal telangiectasia, retinopathy of prematurity, were excluded from study. Results - We have included 114 patients, 64 cases (56.14%) males, 50 (43.85%) females, aged 56+/-8 years (range 24-96 years).  Bilateral retinal vascular occlusive disorders were seen in only 4 cases (3.5%). Two patients have bilateral CRVO followed by one case of bilateral BRVO and one case of bilateral CRAO.  Out of 114 patients, branch retinal vein occlusion was seen in 62 cases (54.38%), followed by central retinal vein occlusion in 36 cases (31.57%), CRAO in 8 cases (7.01%), and hemi- retinal vein occlusion in 4 cases (3.50%). Hypertension was the most common, (40 cases, 35.08%) risk factor identified for retinal vascular occlusive disorders followed by diabetes 24 cases (21.05%), combined diabetes and hypertension in 22 cases (19.29%), and atherosclerosis in 18 cases (15.78%). Conclusions - Retinal vascular occlusive diseases have systemic as well as ocular risk factors. Understanding of these risk factors is essential for proper treatment of RVOD. Timely identification of risk factors for RVOD may helpful in decreasing ocular and systemic morbidity in these patients.

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