EFFECT OF HAMMER MILL AND ROLLER MILL VARIABLES ON CHEAT (BROMUS SECALINUS L.) SEED GERMINATION

A hammer mill removed most of the lemmas, paleas, and pericarps from cheat florets. Typically, the cuticular layer of the testa was the only remaining intact layer, and damage to the embryos and endosperm was severe. A roller mill disrupted tissue organization of lemmas, paleas, and outer layers of the caryopses primarily at the cuts. Large gaps between the aleurone layer and testa, between testa and pericarp, and between the scutellum and endosperm were created. In the field, germination of mill-damaged florets was reduced, and florets exhibited progressive degradation the longer they were buried. Nematodes and fungi penetrated the cuticular layer of mill-damaged seed. Attaching a hammer mill or a roller mill to a grain combine to treat cheat seed before it is returned to the field could provide a novel method of cheat control.

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255 Evaluation of Different Corn Milling Methods for High-moisture and Dry Corn on Nutrient Digestion

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 124-125

Author(s):

Caitlin A Coulson ◽

Nicole Woita ◽

Tyler Spore ◽

Hannah Wilson ◽

Kylie Butterfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Milling Process ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

High Moisture ◽

Roller Mill ◽

Nutrient Digestion ◽

Milling Method ◽

Feeding Diets ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Abstract A 2 × 2 factorial digestion study using seven ruminally cannulated steers evaluated the effect of feeding diets containing 70% (dry matter-basis) high-moisture (HMC) or dry corn (DC), processed with either a hammer mill or Automatic Ag Roller Mill (Pender, NE), on nutrient digestion. Feeding HMC decreased the amount of excreted dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM; P ≤ 0.01) regardless of mill type, but there was a tendency (P ≤ 0.13) for an interaction between corn type and mill type for DM and OM digestibility. There was no difference between either milling treatments fed as HMC (P ≥ 0.69), but the hammer mill DC diet was more digestible than the roller mill DC (P = 0.05). There was no effect on NDF digestibility, but there was a tendency for an interaction between grain type and processing method for ADF digestibility, with the roller mill DC diet having the lowest (P = 0.02) ADF digestibility and no differences (P ≥ 0.15) among the other treatments. As expected, HMC based diets had greater (P < 0.01) starch digestibility compared to DC, but milling method had no effect (P = 0.56). High moisture corn diets had greater (P = 0.01) DE intake (Mcal/kg), and hammer mill DC tended to be greater (P = 0.07) than roller mill DC. There tended (P = 0.07) to be an interaction for minimum pH, with roller mill HMC and hammer mill DC having the lowest average pH, but not different from hammer mill HMC (P ≥ 0.32). There were no differences (P = 0.56) in average pH, but HMC diets had greater variance (P = 0.04) and greater area under pH 5.6 (P = 0.05) compared to DC based diets. Feeding cattle HMC compared to DC increases nutrient digestibility but milling process had little impact.

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Effects of particle size, processing, and dry or liquid feeding on performance of piglets

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03105 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 237 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. Choct ◽

E. A. D. Selby ◽

D. J. Cadogan ◽

R. G. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Fine Particle ◽

Energy Content ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Roller Mill ◽

Feeding Method ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Liquid Feeding

Currently, most feed grains are processed by either hammer mill or roller mill before the inclusion in pig diets. However, the effect of these two types of milling and particle size on the performance and feed utilisation has not been adequately examined. The effect of milling processing (hammer mill v. roller mill), particle size, and feeding method (liquid v. dry) was assessed in a factorial design with 120 weaner pigs over 21 days. These pigs had been weaned for 7 days when the experiment commenced. The results revealed that pigs fed on hammer-milled diets had a better performance than those on roller-milled diets. Particle size of hammer-milled diets did not affect the performance of pigs, but influenced the digestible energy content of the diets. However, the feed conversion ratio was poorer for pigs fed coarsely or medium roller-milled diets only at Day 7–14 after weaning. There was a marked advantage in terms of feed efficiency associated with liquid feeding. For pigs offered the hammer-milled diets between 0 and 14 days, simply adding the feed to water improved feed efficiency by some 22%. For the roller-milled diets the corresponding improvement in feed efficiency was 28%. Liquid feeding improved digestible energy (DE) value by 1.5 MJ/kg for medium particle size and depressed DE value by 0.8 MJ/kg for fine particle size for hammer mill. Liquid feeding improved DE values for both medium and fine particle treatments by 0.9 MJ/kg for roller-milled diets. It should be noted that the full advantages of liquid feeding could only be taken if feed wastage from this system can be minimised as much as possible.The study was conducted to investigate if processing method (roller v. hammer mill), particle size (coarse, medium, and fine), and feeding method (liquid v. dry) significantly improved the growth rate, feed intake, and feed conversion of the weaner pig.

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COMPARISON OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY BETWEEN A ROLLER MILL AND A HAMMER MILL

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/2013.21636 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 631-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Q. Fang ◽

I. Bölöni ◽

E. Haque ◽

C. K. Spillman

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Roller Mill

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Influence of grinding method and grinding intensity of corn on mill energy consumption and pellet quality

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind141114012v ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Djuro Vukmirovic ◽

Jovanka Levic ◽

Aleksandar Fistes ◽

Radmilo Colovic ◽

Tea Brlek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Specific Energy ◽

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Pellet Quality ◽

Roller Mill ◽

Grinding Method

In recent years there is an emerging trend of coarse grinding of cereals in production of poultry feed due to positive influence of coarse particles on poultry digestive system. Influence of grinding method (hammer mill vs. roller mill) and grinding intensity of corn (coarseness of grinding) on mill specific energy consumption and pellet quality was investigated. By decreasing grinding intensity of corn (coarser grinding), specific energy consumption of both hammer mill and roller mill was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When comparing similar grinding intensities on hammer mill and roller mill (similar geometric mean diameter or similar particle size distribution), specific energy consumption was higher for the hammer mill. Pellet quality decreased with coarser grinding on hammer mill but, however, this effect was not observed for the roller mill. Generally, pellet quality was better when roller mill was used. It can be concluded that significant energy savings could be achieved by coarser grinding of corn before pelleting and by using roller mill instead of hammer mill. From the aspect of pellet quality, if coarser grinding is applied it is better to use roller mill, concerning that more uniform particle size distribution of corn ground on roller mill probably results in more uniform particle size distribution in pellets and this provides better pellet quality.

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Evaluation of Dust Concentration During Grinding Grain in Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11174572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 4572 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sobczak ◽

Mazur ◽

Zawiślak ◽

Panasiewicz ◽

Żukiewicz-Sobczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Dust Concentration ◽

Grinding Process ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Health It ◽

Organic Dust ◽

Roller Mill ◽

Grain Moisture

This work analyses the organic dust concentration during a wheat grinding process which was carried out using two types of grinders: A hammer mill and a roller mill. DustTrak II aerosol monitor was used to measure the concentration of the dust PM10 (particles with the size smaller than 10 μm), PM4.0, and PM1.0. An increase of the grain moisture to 14% resulted in the reduction in PM10 when grinding grain using the hammer mill. An inverse relationship was obtained when grain was ground using the roller mill. A smaller amount of the fraction below 0.1 mm was observed for larger diameter of the holes in the screen and smaller size of the working gap in the roller mill. For both mills, the obtained concentration of the PM10 fraction dust exceeded the acceptable level. To protect farmers health, it is necessary to use dust protection equipment or to modify the grinding technology by changing the grain moisture content and/or the grinding parameters.

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Physical and nutritional effects of pelleting of broiler chicken diets made from wheat ground to different coarsenesses by the use of roller mill and hammer mill

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.08.009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 117 (3-4) ◽

pp. 281-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

B. Svihus ◽

K.H. Kløvstad ◽

V. Perez ◽

O. Zimonja ◽

S. Sahlström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chicken ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Roller Mill ◽

Nutritional Effects

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254 Evaluation of Different Corn Milling Methods for High-moisture and Dry Corn on Finishing Cattle Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 124-124

Author(s):

Caitlin A Coulson ◽

Braden Troyer ◽

Levi J McPhillips ◽

Mitch Norman ◽

Galen E Erickson

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

High Moisture ◽

Roller Mill ◽

Finishing Cattle ◽

Respective Treatment ◽

Milling Method ◽

Daily Gain ◽

High Moisture Corn

Abstract Steers (n=600; Initial BW = 402 ± 17 kg) were fed for134 day to evaluate the effect of milling method and corn type on performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were evaluated as a 2 × 3 factorial with factors being milling method (Automatic Ag® roller mill or hammer mill) and corn type (100% high-moisture, 100% dry, or 50:50 blend of high-moisture and dry corn). High-moisture corn was processed at harvested based on respective treatment and ensiled until trial initiation. Both dry corn and HMC were processed using a 16-mm screen in the hammer mill and the roller mill was adjusted to ensure all kernels were broken. There were no interactions between milling method and corn type for final BW, daily gain (ADG), or dry matter intake (DMI; P ≥ 0.32), but there was a tendency for an interaction for G:F (P = 0.09). Cattle fed 100% high-moisture corn processed with the Automatic Ag roller mill were 4.7% more efficient (P ≤ 0.01) with 55% lower fecal starch (P < 0.01) compared to high-moisture corn processed with the hammer mill. Cattle fed dry corn tended (P = 0.07) to have a greater live final BW regardless of milling type and had the greatest DMI (P ≤ 0.01) Intake decreased as high-moisture corn was increased in the diet. Due to no differences in ADG with lower DMI led to a 6% improvement (P ≤ 0.01) in G:F for steers fed HMC. There were no further effects (P ≥ 0.14) on performance or carcass traits regardless of milling method or corn type. Processing high-moisture corn using Automatic Ag roller mill improved feed efficiency compared to processing with a hammer mill when corn was included at 70% of the diet, but processing method had little effect when fed as dry corn or blended diets.

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