scholarly journals The Association between Facial Morphology and Cold Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Ilkoo Ahn ◽  
Kwang-Ho Bae ◽  
Hee-Jeong Jin ◽  
Siwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
East Asian Medicine ◽  
Center Point ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Asian Medicine ◽  
The Face ◽  
Analysis System

Objectives: Facial diagnosis is an important part of clinical diagnosis in traditional East Asian Medicine. In this paper, using a fully automated facial shape analysis system, we show that facial morphological features are associated with cold pattern.Methods: The facial morphological features calculated from 68 facial landmarks included the angles, areas, and distances between the landmark points of each part of the face. Cold pattern severity was determined using a questionnaire and the cold pattern scores (CPS) were used for analysis. The association between facial features and CPS was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficients.Results: The upper chin width and the lower chin width were negatively associated with CPS. The distance from the center point to the middle jaw and the distance from the center point to the lower jaw were negatively associated with CPS. The angle of the face outline near the ear and the angle of the chin line were positively associated with CPS. The area of the upper part of the face and the area of the face except the sensory organs were negatively associated with CPS. The number of facial morphological features that exhibited a statistically significant correlation with CPS was 37 (unadjusted).Conclusions: In this study of a Korean population, subjects with a high CPS had a more pointed chin, longer face, more angular jaw, higher eyes, and more upward corners of the mouth, and their facial sensory organs were relatively widespread.

scholarly journals The Association of Quantitative Facial Color Features with Cold Pattern in Traditional East Asian Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeong Mun ◽  
Ilkoo Ahn ◽  
Siwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Sensation ◽  
Color Parameter ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
East Asian Medicine ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Asian Medicine ◽  
Calculation System

Introduction. Facial diagnosis is a major component of the diagnostic method in traditional East Asian medicine. We investigated the association of quantitative facial color features with cold pattern using a fully automated facial color parameterization system. Methods. The facial color parameters of 64 participants were obtained from digital photographs using an automatic color correction and color parameter calculation system. Cold pattern severity was evaluated using a questionnaire. Results. The a⁎ values of the whole face, lower cheek, and chin were negatively associated with cold pattern score (CPS) (whole face: B=-1.048, P=0.021; lower cheek: B=-0.494, P=0.007; chin: B=-0.640, P=0.031), while b⁎ value of the lower cheek was positively associated with CPS (B=0.234, P=0.019). The a⁎ values of the whole face were significantly correlated with specific cold pattern symptoms including cold abdomen (partial ρ=-0.354, P<0.01) and cold sensation in the body (partial ρ=-0.255, P<0.05). Conclusions. a⁎ values of the whole face were negatively associated with CPS, indicating that individuals with increased levels of cold pattern had paler faces. These findings suggest that objective facial diagnosis has utility for pattern identification.

scholarly journals Wnt Signaling Drives Correlated Changes in Facial Morphology and Brain Shape

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Marchini ◽  
Diane Hu ◽  
Lucas Lo Vercio ◽  
Nathan M. Young ◽  
Nils D. Forkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Expression Domain ◽  
Head Development ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Face ◽  
Canonical Wnt

Canonical Wnt signaling plays multiple roles critical to normal craniofacial development while its dysregulation is known to be involved in structural birth defects of the face. However, when and how Wnt signaling influences phenotypic variation, including those associated with disease, remains unclear. One potential mechanism is via Wnt signaling’s role in the patterning of an early facial signaling center, the frontonasal ectodermal zone (FEZ), and its subsequent regulation of early facial morphogenesis. For example, Wnt signaling may directly alter the shape and/or magnitude of expression of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) domain in the FEZ. To test this idea, we used a replication-competent avian sarcoma retrovirus (RCAS) encoding Wnt3a to modulate its expression in the facial mesenchyme. We then quantified and compared ontogenetic changes in treated to untreated embryos in the three-dimensional (3D) shape of both the SHH expression domain of the FEZ, and the morphology of the facial primordia and brain using iodine-contrast microcomputed tomography imaging and 3D geometric morphometrics (3DGM). We found that increased Wnt3a expression in early stages of head development produces correlated variation in shape between both structural and signaling levels of analysis. In addition, altered Wnt3a activation disrupted the integration between the forebrain and other neural tube derivatives. These results show that activation of Wnt signaling influences facial shape through its impact on the forebrain and SHH expression in the FEZ, and highlights the close relationship between morphogenesis of the forebrain and midface.

Cephalometric features of connective tissue dysplasia manifestation in children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Davydov ◽  
D. A. Domenyuk ◽  
S. V. Dmitrienko ◽  
T. A. Kondratyeva ◽  
Yu. S. Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Short Branch ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Brain Parts

Relevance. The high prevalence of dysplastic disorders involving connective tissue, and its negative effecton the development of dentoalveolar anomalies, carious and non-carious lesions of the teeth, periodontopathy, temporomandibular joint issues in the child population, lay the basis for improving diagnostics algorithms. Enhancing the already available standards is of greatest importance for children at the initial stages of diagnostics when evaluating the external signs of dysplastic disorders.Purpose – improving diagnostics algorithms for connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in children in primary dental care facilities based on the evaluation of external phenotype signs and maxillofacial morphological features.Materials and methods. Depending on the external phenotype manifestations severity, as well as on laboratory, clinical and instrumental signs, the 92 children with CTD were divided into groups with mild, moderate and severe degrees of undifferentiated dysplasia. Gnathometric and biometric examinations of the maxillofacial area were performed through traditional methods, whereas the diagnosis was set following the generally accepted classifications. The diagnosis confirmation implied evaluation through cone beam computed imaging.Results. The nature and the intensity of morphofunctional disorders in the craniofacial structures (“small” stigmas) depend on the severity of connective tissue dysplastic disorders.Conclusions. The change direction vector in the facial and brain parts of cranium in children with CTD is aimed at increasing hypoplastic tendencies and dolichocephalia, proof to that being the following constitutional and morphological features: the prevalence of the vertical type of face skeleton growth over the horizontal and neutral ones; a convex face profile with a disproportionate general heights of the face skeleton; reduction of latitudinal with an increase in altitude facial parameters; a narrow short branch of the lower jaw; the upper jaw displaced downwards and forward; a decrease in the size of the apical basis of the lower dentition, the lower jaw body, as well as the height and width of the lower jaw branches. 

scholarly journals Whole-agent selectivity within the macaque face-processing system

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (47) ◽  
pp. 14717-14722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Fisher ◽  
Winrich A. Freiwald
Keyword(s):  
Processing System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Social Agent ◽  
Natural Motion ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Single Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Visual Degradation ◽  
The Rich

The primate brain contains a set of face-selective areas, which are thought to extract the rich social information that faces provide, such as emotional state and personal identity. The nature of this information raises a fundamental question about these face-selective areas: Do they respond to a face purely because of its visual attributes, or because the face embodies a larger social agent? Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine whether the macaque face patch system exhibits a whole-agent response above and beyond its responses to individually presented faces and bodies. We found a systematic development of whole-agent preference through the face patches, from subadditive integration of face and body responses in posterior face patches to superadditive integration in anterior face patches. Superadditivity was not observed for faces atop nonbody objects, implying categorical specificity of face–body interaction. Furthermore, superadditivity was robust to visual degradation of facial detail, suggesting whole-agent selectivity does not require prior face recognition. In contrast, even the body patches immediately adjacent to anterior face areas did not exhibit superadditivity. This asymmetry between face- and body-processing systems may explain why observers attribute bodies’ social signals to faces, and not vice versa. The development of whole-agent selectivity from posterior to anterior face patches, in concert with the recently described development of natural motion selectivity from ventral to dorsal face patches, identifies a single face patch, AF (anterior fundus), as a likely link between the analysis of facial shape and semantic inferences about other agents.

Expanded Possibilities for Teaching Asian Medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Marta Hanson ◽  
Sarah Zanolini ◽  
Natalie Köhle ◽  
Dexter Kendrick ◽  
Alexander O. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
East Asian Medicine ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Asian Medicine ◽  
New Type ◽  
Institutional Contexts

Abstract Asian Medicine is inaugurating a new type of article in this issue, the pedagogical forum. For our launch of this new format, forum editors Zanolini and Hanson invited a range of scholars and practitioners teaching East Asian medicine within diverse institutional contexts to contribute. Their different approaches to teaching can be more broadly applied to any medical tradition in Asia.

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