Short Communication:  First record of Hirschmanniella mucronata (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract. Indarti S, Soffan A, Andrasmara MMF. 2020. Short Communication: First record of Hirschmanniella mucronata (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2068-2073. Hirschmanniella spp. is one of the worldwide plant-parasitic nematodes affecting major losses in rice production and impact up to 25% yield losses especially on irrigated rice. Infection of Hirschmanniella spp. on the root system leading to the typical symptom of red color in the rice rooting system. In order to identify the species variation of Hirschmanniella spp. from the collected samples in Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia, a molecular-based identification using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was conducted, complemented by morphological identification technique. PCR based identification was carried out by amplifying the area of 28S rRNA using universal nematode primer (D2A / D3B) which resulting about 766 bp of amplicon. Blastx analysis from Genbank showed that Cangkringan sample confirmed to be H. mucronata species, while other samples from Banguntapan and Imogiri were H. oryzae species. The Cangkringan samples of H. mucronata have 97.5 % similarities with Belgium sample, forming separate clades with other samples. While both Banguntapan and Imogiri samples have the 99 % similarity with H. oryzae and were located in the same clade, but separated from Cangkringan sample. Morphological identification confirmed both species were distinctly based on the unique characters of the tail tips. H. mucronata therefor is the first report nematode species in Indonesian rice field. Precaution should be designed to prevent the potential distribution of H. mucronata to other areas.

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Detection and Discrimination of Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei in DNA Extracts from Soil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-11-1480 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 1480-1487 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Guiping Yan ◽

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Patricia A. Okubara ◽

Andrea Skantar ◽

Sandra A. Easley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Wheat Root ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Species Specific ◽

Plant Parasitic

A species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed to detect and identify the root-lesion nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei from soil. A primer set was designed from Pratylenchus 28S rRNA gene sequences of the D3 expansion domain. Primer specificity was confirmed with 23 isolates of 15 nematode species and other plant-parasitic and non-plant-parasitic nematodes typically present in the soil communities, and with six fungal species commonly associated with wheat root rot. DNA obtained using a commercially available kit and a method developed in our laboratory gave comparable amplification. PCR conditions were optimized and the two species were differentiated by PCR products of 144 bp for P. neglectus and 288 bp for P. thornei. With this assay, we detected a single juvenile in 1 g of sterile, inoculated soil. Examination of 30 field soil samples revealed that this method was applicable to a range of soils naturally infested with these two pathogens in Oregon. This PCR-based method is rapid, efficient, and reliable, does not require expertise in nematode taxonomy and morphology, and could be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for commercial and research applications for disease forecasting and management.

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First record of Neoxysomatium brevicaudatum through the non-invasive sampling of Anguis fragilis: complementary morphological and molecular detection

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x11000174 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Jones ◽

D.S. Brown ◽

E. Harris ◽

J. Jones ◽

W.O.C. Symondson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Nematode Species ◽

First Record ◽

Parasite Fauna ◽

Ribosomal Gene ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Morphological Examination ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Anguis Fragilis ◽

The Uk

AbstractRelatively few studies have examined the parasite fauna of British reptiles, partly due to the cryptic nature and low population density of these hosts. Here we examined 12 populations of the slow worm Anguis fragilis which, unlike other UK lizards, occurs at locally high population densities. Morphological examination of non-invasively collected faecal samples revealed the presence of Neoxysomatium brevicaudatum and a second unidentified nematode species. Although previously unrecorded from slow worms in the UK, N. brevicaudatum was present in 38% of animals (mean intensity 70.9, range 1–686). Morphological identification was confirmed by sequencing the 18S ribosomal gene. The use of the species-specific, cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial gene primers proved an efficient alternative to conventional, microscope screening for parasites, although the original identification of N. brevicaudatum was dependent upon morphological characters. Sequencing also identified the second, smaller nematode as belonging to the Rhabdiasidae family: this species was even more common at a prevalence of 83% (mean intensity 102.8, range 1–2000). While increasing our knowledge of the UK macroparasite fauna, this work demonstrates the benefits of a combined morphological–molecular approach.

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Pratylenchus vovlasi sp. Nov. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) on Raspberries in North Italy with a Morphometrical and Molecular Characterization

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1068

Author(s):

Alberto Troccoli ◽

Elena Fanelli ◽

Pablo Castillo ◽

Gracia Liébanas ◽

Alba Cotroneo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Its Region ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode

Root-lesion nematode species rank third only to root-knot and cyst nematodes as having the greatest economic impact on crops worldwide. A survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with decaying raspberries (Rubus sp.) in northern Italy revealed that root-lesion nematodes were the most frequently occurring species among other phytonematodes. Several Pratylenchus species have been associated with Rubus sp. in Canada (Quebec, British Columbia) and USA (North Carolina, Maryland, New Jersey) including P. penetrans and P. crenatus. In the roots and rhizosphere of symptomatic raspberries, nematodes of two Pratylenchus spp. were detected. Detailed morphometrics of the two root-lesion nematode isolates were consistent with Pratylenchus crenatus and with an undescribed Pratylenchus species. The extracted nematodes were observed and measured as live and fixed materials and subsequently identified by integrative taxonomy (morphometrically and molecularly). The latter species is described herein as Pratylenchus vovlasi sp. nov., resulting morphometrically closest to P. mediterraneus and phylogenetically to P. pratensis. The molecular identification of Pratylenchus vovlasi sp. nov. was carried out by sequencing the ITS region, D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene and a partial region of the nuclear hsp90 gene. ITS-RFLP and sequence analyses revealed that Pratylenchus vovlasi sp. nov. had species-specific restriction profiles with no corresponding sequences present in the database. The phylogenetic relationships with ITS and D2-D3 sequences placed the Pratylenchus vovlasi sp. nov. in a clade with P. pratensis and P. pseudopratensis. This research confirms the occurrence of cryptic biodiversity within the genus Pratylenchus as well as the need for an integrative approach to the identification of Pratylenchus species.

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Molecular diagnosis of parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182099004096 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 117 (7) ◽

pp. 87-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. B. McKEAND

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Past Infection ◽

Essential Requirement ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Nematode Parasites ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Immunological Assays

There is an essential requirement for highly sensitive tools that will differentiate nematode parasites of animals and plants to the species level. For studying host range, genetic variation, virulence and resistance, the availability of well defined populations is vital. Many nematode species cannot be identified with certainty using traditional morphological or morphometric techniques. This is particularly the case for the more accessible developmental stages that, depending on the particular group concerned, live as eggs and larvae in the environment or as micro-filariae that circulate in the blood or inhabit the skin. Morphological identification of these stages requires specialized expertise and is extremely time consuming. Immunological assays have their place in nematode identification but they do not discriminate between current and previous infections, an essential requirement in many epidemiological and prevalence studies. In addition to being highly sensitive, DNA-based methods of detection define present over past infection and are not dependent on the parasite stage. Many types of methodology are available for the detection and definition of nematode DNA. This paper reviews these methods citing examples that have been used with success in the laboratory as well as the field.

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Incidence and Characterization of Rice Root Nematodes, Hirschmanniella mucronata, from Rice Fields in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand

Trends in Sciences ◽

10.48048/tis.2021.486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 486

Author(s):

Natthidech Beesa ◽

Anongnuch Sasnarukkit ◽

Kansiree Jindapunnapat ◽

Buncha Chinnasri ◽

Thanunchanok Chairin

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Rice Root ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Control And Management

The rice root nematodes, Hirschmanniella oryzae and H. mucronata, are serious and widespread threats to global rice production, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Reliable and efficient identification of these nematodes is vital to nematode control and management. In this current study, 36 soil or rice root samples were collected from rice fields located in Pathum Thani province and used for nematode extraction. The results demonstrated that Hirschmanniella sp. was found in all paddy fields, especially in Muang District, where RD47 rice cultivars were grown at soil pH of 5.9. Molecular identification based on the analysis of 28S rRNA and 18S-ITS1-1.58S genes revealed 98 – 99 % similarity to H. mucronata, and its phylogenetic trees were grouped with H. mucronata from Cambodia and Philippines. Likewise, the morphometric characterization revealed remarkable features of H. mucronata with long body (1,639 - 2,329 µm), long stylet (24 - 27 µm) and an obvious mucron at the end of terminus. Therefore, the main rice root nematode species found in Pathum Thani’s rice fields were H. mucronata. HIGHLIGHTS The rice root nematodes, Hirschmanniella, are presented the predominant plant-parasitic nematodes in rice cultivated areas of Pathum Thani province, Thailand Population densities of Hirschmanniella are encountered in rice roots than in soil, especially in RD47 rice cultivars grown in Muang District Both of morphological and molecular characterization illustrating the species of rice root nematodes were mucronate This is a first description on the molecular characterization of mucronata from rice fields in Thailand GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Plant parasitic nematodes fauna in citrus orchards in Khuzestan province, Southwestern Iran

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal ◽

10.2478/hppj-2019-0010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 97-107

Author(s):

P. Eisvand ◽

R. Farrokhi Nejad ◽

S. Azimi

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

First Record ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽

Citrus Orchards ◽

Southwestern Iran ◽

Plant Parasitic ◽

Nematode Fauna

Summary During a survey on the biodiversity of plant-parasitic nematodes in citrus orchards of Khuzestan province (Southwestern Iran), 97 root and soil samples were collected. Nematodes were extracted and identified using morphological and morphometric diagnostic characters. Six nematode species were identified, namely: Helicotylenchus abunaamai, H. crenacauda, Pratylenchus allius, P. musii, Psilenchus hilarulus and Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Except T. semipenetrans, the remaining five species were found only in the rhizosphere of citrus, not in citrus roots, and their pathogenicity on citrus plants was not further studied. This is the first record of P. allius and P. musii for the nematode fauna in Iran. H. crenacauda is a new record for the nematode fauna in the Khuzestan province and is reported for the first time in citrus orchards in Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. abunaamai in citrus orchards worldwide.

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Characterisation of plant-parasitic nematodes Helicotylenchus digonicus and H. vulgaris from the rhizosphere of grapevines in Crimea, Russia

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213902003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 02003

Author(s):

Svetlana Lychagina ◽

Yakov Volkov ◽

Marina Volkova ◽

Tatyana Kolganova ◽

Sergei Tabolin

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Stylet Length ◽

Plant Parasitic

During 2016-2020, about 120 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of grapes in different vineyards of the Central and Southern regions of Crimea. Two morphologically close nematode species, Helicotylenchus digonicus and Helicotylenchus vulgaris, were found at all sampling sites in the Yalta, Sevastopol, Simferopol and Bakhchisarai districts. Morphologically, these species could be differentiated by the stylet length and the shape of tails. In addition, these species have significant differences in sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA.

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New records of plant-parasitic nematodes from Iceland

Polar Biology ◽

10.1007/s00300-020-02732-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 1655-1661

Author(s):

Łukasz Flis ◽

Franciszek Wojciech Kornobis ◽

Magdalena Kubicz ◽

Jón Guðmundsson

Keyword(s):

New Records ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Nematode Species ◽

First Record ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

The Family ◽

Nematode Biodiversity ◽

Plant Parasitic

Abstract The plant-parasitic nematodes of Iceland are poorly understood. To address this, a study of the nematodes of the families Criconematidae and Hemicycliophoridae was performed in 2015. Soil samples were taken from underneath various host plants in different locations in Iceland. The identification was performed on the basis of the general morphology and subsequently confirmed by molecular markers (D2-D3 28S rDNA). The study revealed the presence of nematode specimens belonging to four species of the family Criconematidae: Criconemoides amorphus, Criconema demani, Mesocriconema xenoplax and Mesocriconema curvatum, as well as one species Hemicycliophora conida of the family Hemicycliophoridae. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the occurrence of these nematode species in Iceland. The species identified are economically important plant-parasitic nematodes of likely interest to—among others—Icelandic plant protection professionals. This report broadens our knowledge of Iceland’s nematode biodiversity; moreover, morphological analyses and molecular data may contribute to better understanding the origin of nematode species on the island of Iceland.

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Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

MUTALA’LIAH MUTALA’LIAH ◽

SIWI INDARTI ◽

ARIF WIBOWO

Keyword(s):

Short Communication ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Potato Production ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Central Java ◽

Meloidogyne Spp

Mutala’liah, Indarti S , Wibowo A. 2019. Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 11-16. Root-knot nematodes are considered as one of the most destructive pathogens of potatoes, especially on tuber seed. Infected potato seed will cause tuber malformation and the most important thing is as the main spreading source of Meloidogyne spp. The objective of this research was to know the prevalence and identify the species of root-knot nematode which attack the potato seed in four sub-districts of potato production centre in Central Java, Indonesia. Molecular and morphological identification was conducted for the nematode species identification. PCR assay using MIG primer to detect three tropical root-knot nematodes followed by sequencing was conducted for molecular detection, while the perennial pattern was conducted for morphological detection. Results showed that root-knot nematodes on potato seed were generally distributed in Central Java with the prevalence percentage between 14.28-88.23% on the three from four sampling area. The molecular and morphological identification show that species of root-knot nematodes identified on potato seeds were Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, and M. arenaria.

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Susceptible trichostrongyloid species mask presence of benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus in cattle

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04593-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Khalid M. Mohammedsalih ◽

Jürgen Krücken ◽

Ahmed Bashar ◽

Fathel-Rahman Juma ◽

Abdalhakaim A. H. Abdalmalaik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Tubulin Genes ◽

Faecal Egg Count ◽

Third Stage ◽

Before And After ◽

Β Tubulin

Abstract Background Benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics are widely used to control infections with parasitic nematodes, but BZ resistance is an emerging threat among several nematode species infecting humans and animals. In Sudan, BZ-resistant Haemonchus contortus populations were recently reported in goats in South Darfur State. The objective of this study was to collect data regarding the situation of BZ resistance in cattle parasitic nematodes in South Darfur using phenotypic and molecular approaches, besides providing some epidemiological data on nematodes in cattle. Methods The faecal egg count reduction test and the egg hatch test (EHT) were used to evaluate benzimidazole efficacy in cattle nematodes in five South Darfur study areas: Beleil, Kass, Nyala, Rehed Al-Birdi and Tulus. Genomic DNA was extracted from pools of third-stage larvae (L3) (n = 40) during trials, before and after treatment, and pools of adult male Haemonchus spp. (n = 18) from abattoirs. The polymorphisms F167Y, E198A and F200Y in isotype 1 β-tubulin genes of H. contortus and H. placei were analysed using Sanger and pyrosequencing. Results Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths in cattle was 71% (313/443). Reduced albendazole faecal egg count reduction efficacy was detected in three study areas: Nyala (93.7%), Rehed Al-Birdi (89.7%) and Tulus (88.2%). In the EHT, EC50 values of these study areas ranged between 0.032 and 0.037 µg/ml thiabendazole. Genus-specific PCRs detected the genera Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Cooperia in L3 samples collected after albendazole treatment. Sanger sequencing followed by pyrosequencing assays did not detect elevated frequencies of known BZ resistance-associated alleles in codon F167Y, E198A and F200Y in isotype 1 β-tubulin gene of H. placei (≤ 11.38%). However, polymorphisms were detected in H. contortus and in samples with mixed infections with H. contortus and H. placei at codon 198, including E198L (16/58), E198V (2/58) and potentially E198Stop (1/58). All pooled L3 samples post-albendazole treatment (n = 13) were identified as H. contortus with an E198L substitution at codon 198. Conclusions To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of reduced albendazole efficacy in cattle in Sudan and is the first study describing an E198L substitution in phenotypically BZ-resistant nematodes collected from cattle.

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