scholarly journals Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
MUTALA’LIAH MUTALA’LIAH ◽  
SIWI INDARTI ◽  
ARIF WIBOWO
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Mutala’liah, Indarti S , Wibowo A. 2019. Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 11-16. Root-knot nematodes are considered as one of the most destructive pathogens of potatoes, especially on tuber seed. Infected potato seed will cause tuber malformation and the most important thing is as the main spreading source of Meloidogyne spp. The objective of this research was to know the prevalence and identify the species of root-knot nematode which attack the potato seed in four sub-districts of potato production centre in Central Java, Indonesia. Molecular and morphological identification was conducted for the nematode species identification. PCR assay using MIG primer to detect three tropical root-knot nematodes followed by sequencing was conducted for molecular detection, while the perennial pattern was conducted for morphological detection. Results showed that root-knot nematodes on potato seed were generally distributed in Central Java with the prevalence percentage between 14.28-88.23% on the three from four sampling area. The molecular and morphological identification show that species of root-knot nematodes identified on potato seeds were Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, and M. arenaria.

Genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. parasitising potato in Brazil and aggressiveness of M. javanica populations on susceptible cultivars

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel L. Medina ◽  
Cesar B. Gomes ◽  
Valdir R. Correa ◽  
Vanessa S. Mattos ◽  
Philippe Castagnone-Sereno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) significantly impact potato production worldwide and in Brazil they are considered one of the most important group of nematodes affecting potatoes. The objectives of this study were to survey Meloidogyne spp. associated with potatoes in Brazil, determine their genetic diversity and assess the aggressiveness of M. javanica on two susceptible potato cultivars. Fifty-seven root-knot nematode populations were identified using esterase phenotyping, including Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica. Overall, root-knot nematodes were present in ca 43% of sampled sites, in which M. javanica was the most prevalent species, and the phenotypes Est J3, J2a and J2 occurred in 91.2, 6.7 and 2.1% of the positive samples, respectively. Other species, such as M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica, were found less frequently and occurred at rates of 6.4, 4.3 and 2.1% of the samples, respectively. Sometimes, M. javanica was found in mixtures with other root-knot nematodes in ca 10.6% of sites containing Meloidogyne. After confirming the identification of 17 isolates of M. javanica and one isolate each of M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica by SCAR markers, the populations were used to infer their genetic diversity using RAPD markers. Results revealed low intraspecifc genetic diversity among isolates (13.9%) for M. javanica. Similarly, M. javanica sub-populations (J2a) clustered together (81% of bootstrap), indicating subtle variation from typical J3 populations. The aggressiveness of four populations of M. javanica from different Brazilian states on two susceptible potato cultivars was tested under glasshouse conditions. Results indicated differences in aggressiveness among these populations and showed that potato disease was proportional to nematode reproduction factor.

scholarly journals First Report of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on Sunflowers in Mozambique

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zazzerini ◽  
L. Tosi ◽  
P. M. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Alternaria Helianthi ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) recently was reintroduced to Mozambique because of renewed interest in oil-seed production for domestic consumption. In April 1997, disease surveys were carried out in two fields in southern Mozambique (Maputo region). Several plants of Pan 735, a South African cultivar, showed yellowing of the leaves and stunting. These plants wilted during the day but recovered their turgidity at night. Diseased plants were easily pulled from the soil due to almost complete destruction of the root system. Numerous galls were found on affected roots, compared with healthy plants. Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood and M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood were identified by M. Di Vito (personal communication) based on 20 female perineal patterns observed with a light microscope. M. incognita was more prevalent than M. javanica. Also observed were Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki & Nishihara and Sclerotium bataticola Taub. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), common on sunflower, cause severe damage and reduce both seed yield and seed oil content (1). These two nematode species have also been observed on sunflower in other African countries (Zambia, South Africa, Egypt) but this is the first report of root-knot nematode on sunflower in Mozambique. Reference: (1) M. Di Vito et al. Nematol. Medit. 24:109, 1996.

Cuticle heterogeneity as exhibited by Pasteuria spore attachment is not linked to the phylogeny of parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. DAVIES ◽  
M. FARGETTE ◽  
G. BALLA ◽  
A. DAUDI ◽  
R. DUPONNOIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
The Face ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Spore Attachment ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
High Degree

The cuticle is a major barrier prohibiting the infection of nematodes against micro-organisms. The attachment of bacterial spores of the nematode hyperparasite Pasteuria penetrans (PP1) to field populations of root-knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) from Burkino Faso, Ecuador, Greece, Malawi, Senegal and Trinidad and Tobago were assayed in standard attachment tests. The attachment of spore population PP1 to different field populations of root-knot nematode showed that the rates of attachment differed between countries. Similar tests were also undertaken on P. penetrans spores from these countries against 2 species of RKN, M. incognita and M. arenaria. The results showed a high degree of variability in spore attachment with no clear distinction between the 2 species of nematode. It has been hypothesized that Pasteuria spore attachment is linked to nematode species designations and this study clearly shows that this is not the case. Further tests showed that variation in spore attachment was not linked to nematode phylogeny. The results therefore beg the question of how do parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes maintain cuticle variability in the face of such an aggressive hyperparasite.

scholarly journals Histological Characterization of Resistance to Different Root-Knot Nematode Species Related to Phenolics Accumulation in Capsicum annuum

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pegard ◽  
G. Brizzard ◽  
A. Fazari ◽  
O. Soucaze ◽  
P. Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Chromatography Analysis

In the pepper Capsicum annuum CM334, which is used by breeders as a source of resistance to Phytophthora spp. and potyviruses, a resistance gene entirely suppresses reproduction of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The current study compared the histological responses of this resistant line and a susceptible cultivar to infection with the three most damaging root-knot nematodes: M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. Resistance of CM334 to root-knot nematodes was associated with unidentified factors that limited nematode penetration and with post-penetration biochemical responses, including the hypersensitive response, which apparently blocked nematode migration and thereby prevented juvenile development and reproduction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, may be involved in CM334 resistance. The response to infection in the resistant line varied with root-knot nematode species and was correlated with nematode behavior and pathogenicity in the susceptible cultivar: nematode species that quickly reached the vascular cylinder and initiated feeding sites in the susceptible cultivar were quickly recognized in CM334 and stopped in the epidermis or cortex. After comparing our data with those from other resistant pepper lines, we suggest that timing of the resistance response and the mechanism of resistance vary with plant genotype, resistance gene, and root-knot nematode species.

scholarly journals Differences in Feeding Sites Induced by Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., in Chickpea

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
Hava F. Rapoport ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez Díaz ◽  
Pablo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are sedentary, obligate endoparasites in plants, where they induce specialized feeding sites. The feeding sites act as strong metabolic sinks to which photosynthates are mobilized. The histopathological modifications in the nematode-induced feeding sites of artificially inoculated chickpea cv. UC 27 were qualitatively and quantitatively compared using five isolates of M. artiellia and one isolate each of M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. All Meloidogyne isolates infected chickpea plants, but root gall thickening was significantly less for M. artiellia isolates than for the other Meloidogyne species. Nevertheless, neither the number of giant cells in the feeding site (averaging four to six) nor the area of individual giant cells was influenced by nematode species or isolate. However, the number of nuclei per giant cell was significantly smaller, and the maximum diameters of nuclei and nucleoli were significantly greater, in giant cells induced by M. artiellia isolates than in those induced by M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. In a second experiment, M. artiellia-induced giant cells in faba bean and rapeseed also contained a small number of large nuclei.

scholarly journals Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schochow ◽  
Steven A. Tjosvold ◽  
Antoon T. Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

scholarly journals Laporan Pertama di Sulawesi Selatan: Karakter Morfologi dan Molekuler Nematoda Puru Akar yang Berasosiasi dengan Akar Padi di Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Hishar Mirsam ◽  
Fitrianingrum Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Root Knot Nematode (RKN) is one of the most important cosmopolite parasitic nematode species. Reports on RKN associated with rice root in Indonesia are still limited in West Java and Yogyakarta. This study aimed to identify the RKN associated with rice root in Sub-district of Bola, District of Wajo, South Sulawesi, based on morphological and molecular characters. Sampling was carried out by purposive method based on specific criteria of sample, i.e. root knot. Identification of root knot nematode (RKN) infestation in field was done by observing the primary and secondary symptoms. Morphological identification was carried out based on characters of juvenile 2 and the female perineal pattern. Molecular identification was based on amplification of r-DNA by polymerase chain reaction technique using primers rDNA2 and rDNA 1.58s. RKN were detected associated with the incidence of root knot in rice plant. RKN was identified as Meloidogyne graminicola based on morphological characters of juvenile 2 and the female perineal pattern. PCR using primer rDNA 2 / rDNA 1.58s successfully amplified a DNA band of RKN of ± 500 bp. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that RKN isolated from Wajo was closely related to M. graminicola isolated from Nepal, China, India, Madagascar, and USA with homology of 98.1–100.00%. IntisariNematoda puru akar (NPA) merupakan salah satu jenis nematoda parasit penting yang bersifat kosmopolit. Laporan NPA yang berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi di Indonesia masih terbatas di Jawa Barat dan Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi NPA yang berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi di Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposif dengan memilih sampel berdasarkan pada kriteria gejala spesifik penyakit puru akar. Identifikasi serangan dilakukan dengan mengamati gejala primer dan gejala sekunder. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan dengan pengamatan karakter morfologi juvenil 2 dan pola perineal NPA betina.Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan dengan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk mengamplifikasi wilayah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) menggunakan pasangan primer rDNA2 dan rDNA1.58s. NPA ditemukan berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi yang memperlihatkan gejala puru akar. NPA diidentifikasi sebagai Meloidogyne graminicola berdasarkan karakter morfologi juvenil 2 dan pola perineal NPA betina. PCR menggunakan primer rDNA2/ rDNA1.58s berhasil mengamplifikasi pita DNA NPA dengan ukuran sekitar 500 bp. Analisis runutan nukleotida menunjukkan isolat NPA asal Wajo-Indonesia memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang sangat dekat dengan isolat M. graminicola asal Nepal, Cina, India, Madagaskar, dan Amerika Serikat dengan nilai homologi berkisar 98,1–100,0%.

scholarly journals First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne floridensis on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-527
Author(s):  
G. T. Church
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

The state of Florida is the largest producer of fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in the United States with 2003 yields of 634 million kg on 17,700 ha valued at 516 million dollars. Effective crop management is essential for production of vegetables in Florida because of the presence of intense pest pressure. The identification of the pests present is the first step in the development of a successful IPM (integrated pest management) program. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common nematodes that parasitize vegetables in Florida and cause significant yield reductions when not properly managed. In 2003 field experiments, soil was collected from two research farms in Saint Lucie and Seminole counties in Florida. Galling caused by root-knot nematode was observed on tomato at both locations. Since females suitable for identification are difficult to obtain from field-grown roots, field soil was placed in pots in the greenhouse and planted with Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers. Standard morphological techniques, differential host tests, and isozyme phenotypes were used in nematode identification. Female root-knot nematodes were extracted from tomato roots and placed in extraction buffer (10% wt/vol sucrose, 2% vol/vol Triton X-100, 0.01% wt/vol bromophenol blue). The females were crushed, loaded on a polyacrylamide gel, and separated by electrophoresis using the PhastSystem (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). The activities of malate dehydrogenase and esterase enzymes were detected using standard techniques. Isozyme phenotypes consistent with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood as well as with the newly described M. floridensis Handoo (1) were observed at both locations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. floridensis naturally occurring on tomato in Florida. The identification and distribution of M. floridensis in vegetable production fields is important for disease management throughout the state since the host range is likely different from other Meloidogyne spp. Reference: (1) Z. A. Handoo et al. J. Nematol. 36:20, 2004.

scholarly journals Marigold (Tagete erecta): An Effective Meloidogyne incognita Trap Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Wentao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are soil-borne pathogens that can cause severe damage to agricultural production. The most common approaches to prevent root-knot nematode infections are based on crop rotation with non-host plants, use of chemical insecticides, biological control methods, and use of nematode-antagonistic or trap plants. Marigolds (Tagetes erecta) are used as nematode-killing plants, but there is controversy over the mechanism through which they control root-knot nematodes. This study confirmed that marigold root-exudates are lethal to root-knot nematodes, illustrated that marigolds act as trap plants for root-knot nematodes when planted close to nematode host plants such as tomato. We investigated the rates of infection and development of nematode larvae injected into the marigold root system to evaluate whether marigolds could act as a non-host plant for root-knot nematodes. We found that aqueous solutions of marigold root-exudates showed strong lethal and inhibitory effects on sec-stage juveniles and eggs of root-knot nematodes. Marigold roots secreted substances that attracted nematodes from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, marigold root cells contained substances that had a strong inhibitory effect on the development of root-knot nematodes, resulting in diapause in nematodes, and inhibition of further infection. Herein we report a preliminary exploration of the antagonistic mechanism in marigolds for controlling the growth and development of root-knot nematodes. Our research provides basis for promoting the use of marigold for the control of nematodes as an important part of sustainable cropping strategies that rely on biological pest control. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals First Report of the Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne inornata, on Common Bean in Paraná State, Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Z. Machado ◽  
O. F. Dorigo ◽  
D. Mattei
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
State University ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
First Report ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Species Specific

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris F.) is one of the most important crops in Paraná State, which is responsible for almost 10% of the Brazilian production (4). Root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are common parasites of this crop worldwide, but damage caused by Meloidogyne inornata has not been reported. During a survey of nematode species present on common bean fields in Paraná State, Brazil, galled root samples of cultivars Tuiuiú and Eldorado were submitted, in June 2012, in the Nematology Laboratory from IAPAR, collected in the municipalities of Araucária (25°35′34″S, 49°24′36″W) and Santana do Itararé (23°45′18″S, 49°37′44″W). Plants did not exhibit any above-ground symptoms. The specimens were identified through perineal patterns and esterase phenotypes of 20 adult females extracted from dissected roots (2,3). The population densities observed in the samples were 140 and 700 J2 and eggs per gram of roots, respectively, for both samples. Characteristics were consistent with those described for M. inornata. For example, perineal patterns of M. inornata showed a high dorsal arch, with smooth to wavy striae, similar to those of M. incognita; but no punctate markings between anus and tail terminus were observed. However, from the esterase electrophoresis we obtained the I3 (Rm = 0.83, 1.15, and 1.32) phenotype, typical of M. inornata, a species-specific phenotype used to differentiate this species from M. incognita (1). Moreover, the excretory pore of adult females was located 32.1 (± 5.4) μm from the anterior end, consistent with the M. inornata description (25 to 53 μm) (1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. inornata parasitizing common bean roots. This finding has great importance for Brazilian agriculture, since this nematode may damage common bean plants and become an additional problem for this crop. Additional work is necessary in order to elucidate the losses caused by M. inornata on common bean. References: (1) R. M. D. G. Carneiro et al. Nematology 10:123, 2008. (2) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou J. Nematol. 22:10, 1990. (3) K. M. Hartman and J. N. Sasser. Page 115 in: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Volume II Methodology. K. R. Barker et al., eds. Raleigh: North Carolina State University Graphics, 1985. (4) MAPA. Feijão, Ministério da Agricultura, Brasil. Retrieved from http://www.agricultura.gov.br/vegetal/culturas/feijao September 05, 2012.

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