scholarly journals The diversity of entomopathogenic fungi collected from leaves and rhizospheres of rice implementing integrated pest management

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminudin Afandhi ◽  
Elyka Putri Pertiwi ◽  
Dicky Prejeki Purba ◽  
Tita Widjayanti ◽  
Amin Setyo Leksono
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Insect Fungi ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae ◽  
Conventional Field ◽  
Field Location

Abstract. Afandhi A, Pertiwi EP, Purba DP, Widjayanti T, Leksono AS. 2020. The diversity of entomopathogenic fungi collected from leaves and rhizospheres of rice implementing integrated pest management. Biodiversitas 21: 2690-2695. Rice is an important food source for most of the world’s population. However, its production often faces pest and disease problems. This study aimed to determine the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi from the leaves and rhizospheres of rice plants, implementing applied integrated pest management (IPM), and to test the pathogenicity of insect fungi species against Spodoptera litura and Tenebrio molitor larvae collection. Entomopathogenic fungi were collected from the leaves and rhizospheres of two rice fields: a field in which IPM is implemented and a conventional field. A total of 24 species were collected from the leaves and rhizospheres in three locations. Pathogenicity test against S. litura larvae was conducted using the Beauveria sp. isolate, whereas pathogenicity test against T. molitor was conducted using the other isolates. Paddy fields in which IPM has been implemented have higher diversity and species richness compared with a conventional field. Location 1 (3 years of IPM implementation) has the highest diversity (2.04 of leaf collection and 1.65 of rhizosphere collection), location 2 has the lowest fungi diversity collected from rhizosphere, whereas location 3 (conventional implementation) has the lowest diversity of leaf collection (1.68). Laboratory testing of Beauveria spp. against S. litura revealed that all species were effective for pest control. Entomopathogenic fungi collected from leaves (Paecilomyces sp.) increased T. molitor mortality by 60%, whereas those isolated from rhizospheres had no effective control of the pest.

Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Horne ◽  
Jessica Page
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Cultural Changes

Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures describes in straightforward language what is required for farmers to successfully implement Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in cropping and grazing operations. It explains the differences between conventional pesticide-based controls and IPM, and demonstrates the advantages of IPM. Effective control of pests depends on a number of approaches, not just chemical or genetic engineering. The opening chapters cover the different approaches to pest management, and the importance of identification and monitoring of pests and beneficials. Most farmers and advisors can identify major pests but would struggle to recognise a range of beneficial species. Without this information it is impossible to make appropriate decisions on which control methods to use, especially where pests are resistant to insecticides. The book goes on to deal with the control methods: biological, cultural and chemical. The biological control agents discussed include both native and introduced species that attack pests. Cultural changes that have led to an increase in the incidence or severity of pest attack are also examined. The chapter on chemical control describes the different ways chemicals can affect beneficial species, also detailing acute, sub-lethal and transient toxicities of pesticides, drawing on examples from horticulture where necessary. Finally, the authors bring all the components of integrated pest management together and show farmers how to put their IPM plan into action.

Efficacy of a Fungal Biopesticide for Bed Bug Management Is Influenced by the Toxicity and Associated Behavioral Avoidance of Harborages on Insecticide-Impregnated Box Spring Covers

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2850-2857
Author(s):  
Ikkei Shikano
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance

Abstract Bed bugs spend most of their lives hiding in harborages, usually in the seams of mattresses and box springs and in crevices of bed frames. For insecticidal products that target these shelters, the repellency of the products for bed bugs may influence their duration of contact. Bed bugs are known to avoid contacting surfaces treated with certain insecticides. The fungal biopesticide Aprehend contains spores of the entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana. It is sprayed around bed frames, box springs, and furniture where bed bugs are likely to walk, which includes potential shelters. Here, I investigated the influence of a permethrin-impregnated cover, ActiveGuard, on bed bug sheltering behavior and the effectiveness of combining ActiveGuard with Aprehend. Bed bugs avoided harboring in a shelter constructed with ActiveGuard compared to a nontoxic encasement-type cover. This avoidance behavior reduced mortality induced by ActiveGuard shelters compared to forced continuous contact on the ActiveGuard cover. However, while bed bugs also avoided Aprehend-treated ActiveGuard shelters, the combined treatment induced almost complete mortality and more quickly than Aprehend-treated shelters made of the encasement-type cover. This suggests compatibility between the two integrated pest management (IPM) tools even though the bed bug’s avoidance behavior would suggest otherwise. Since Aprehend is highly effective against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs, its use would provide more effective control where bed bug populations are more resistant to the permethrin-impregnated cover.

PERFORMANCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES ON NEOLEUCINODES ELEGANTALIS (GUENÉE) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
ALIXELHE PACHECO DAMASCENA ◽  
Débora Melo Ferreira Fragoso ◽  
José Romário De Carvalho ◽  
Amanda Carlos Túler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

The use of entomopathogenic nematodes in pest management is an alternative to reduce the yield and/or damage losses caused by pests in several crops. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of Heterorhabditis indica (Nemata: Rhabditida) and Steinernema carpocapsae (Nemata: Rhabditida), in pre-pupae of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and determine the temporal viability of the pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae applied to soil. The nematode species were diluted in distilled water to 50, 65, 83, 107, 138, 178, 229, 295, 380 and 500 infective juveniles per pre-pupae (IJs insect-1) of N. elegantalis.  The mortality of pre-pupa of N. elegantalis was higher as the concentrations of both studied species increased. The nematode S. carpocapsae was the most effective, causing mortality of 82.93% in the concentration of 65 IJs insect-1 and an LC50 of 24.32 IJs insect-1. In the pathogenicity test, S. carpocapsae was applied in the concentration of 100 JI/cm² in pots previously planted with tomato seedlings. As positive control was used tomato seedlings treated with distilled water. S. carpocapse presented soil viability of 24 days. Thus, S. carpocapsae can be an important tool in the integrated pest management (IPM) of N. elegantalis.

scholarly journals Achieving Adoption of Integrated Pest Management by Landscape Managers

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Hands On ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Impact

Achieving adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) practices by professional landscape managers is a common goal of university research and extension personnel, governmental and regulatory agencies, industry, and the public. IPM is developed and promoted through cooperation of university, state, and industry groups in research and educational programs. Publications and educational events are major means of promoting IPM to landscape professionals. While large theater-style seminars may provide the advantage of reaching as many as 500 people at one time, landscape clientele have shown favor for the smallgroup, hands-on type of seminar for application technology and IPM methodologies. The impact of research and educational programs on IPM adoption tends to be variable, depending on the pest, the potential for effective control, the control practices to be undertaken, and economic consequences. Adoption of several biological control programs has been indicated. The pesticide-use data collected from 1992 to 1994 indicate trends in reduced use of some pesticides and shifts to less toxic materials. Unfortunately, these data do not account for variability in pest activity from year to year, and not all pesticide applicators are reporting. Pressure from the public to control pests while minimizing the use of pesticides also indicates adoption of IPM. Additional evaluations are necessary to assess adoption of current and future IPM programs.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Sex Pheromone Mass Trapping Technology for Ectropis grisescens: A Potential Integrated Pest Management Strategy

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongxiu Luo ◽  
Fida Hussain Magsi ◽  
Zhaoqun Li ◽  
Xiaoming Cai ◽  
Lei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Lower Population Density

Since the identification of the Ectropis grisescens sex pheromone, no effective control technology based on this pheromone has yet been developed and evaluated. In this study, pheromone proportion and dosage, sustained-release dispensers, and pheromone lure-matched traps were optimized. The mass trapping technology developed with the above optimized parameters was tested in a field trial. The results show that two compounds, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene and (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene, at a ratio of 30:70 and impregnated into rubber septa at 1 mg, were the most attractive to male moths. These compounds provided the best performance when combined with a sticky wing trap. Adult male moth monitoring data showed that there was a lower population density in the trapping plot compared with the control plot, and there was a clear difference during the peak adult occurrence of the first five insect generations in 2017. The effect of mass trapping on the larva population was investigated in 2018; the control efficiency reached 49.27% after trapping of one generation of adults and was further reduced to 67.16% after two successive adult moth generations, compared with the control plot. The results of the present study provide a scientific basis for the establishment of sex pheromone-based integrated pest management strategies.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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