scholarly journals Stem borer insects on Hopea odorata in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
NOOR FARIKHAH HANEDA ◽  
Mulia Furqon ◽  
Muhammad Suheri
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
West Java ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Tenebrionid Beetle ◽  
Hopea Odorata ◽  
Tree Stem

Abstract. Haneda NF, Furqan M, Suheri M. 2020. Stem borer insects on Hopea odorata in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5308-5316. Hopea odorata Roxb. locally known as “merawan”, is a dipterocarp species that has the potentials to be developed for plantation forestry. Nonetheless, anecdotal evidence in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, suggested that the trees suffered serious attacks caused by stem borer insects, causing defoliation of the crown and leading to stunted growth and death. This phenomenon suggests a more systematic investigation. The objectives of this research were: (i) to identify the species of stem borer which attacked H. odorata; (ii) to investigate the types and forms of the damage of H. odorata tree due to stem borer attack; and (iii) to study the effects of stem borer attack on the tree and wood of H. odorata. The results showed that all species of stem borer insects belong to Coleoptera, namely as Xyleborus perforans (Scolytidae), Xyleborinus perexiguus (Scolytidae), Platypus parallelus (Platypodidae), Belionota prasina (Buprestidae), Curculionid beetle, and Tenebrionid beetle. The number of boring holes on a single tree was 1932 holes, of which 98.6% caused by ambrosia beetles: Xyleborus perforans (1426 holes, 73.8%), Xyleborinus perexiguus (457 holes, 23.7%), and Platypus parallelus (21 holes, 1.1%). The length of boring tunnel at cross-section ranged between 2-35 cm and at longitudinal section ranged between 4-6 cm. The number of boring holes decreased along with the increasing height of tree stem. The patterns of boring tunnel at stem cross-section were branching (X. perforans, P. parallelus); encircled (X. perforans), black stains along their wall (X. perexiguus, X. perforans, P. parallelus).

Preparation of a Hydroxyapatite Ceramic with Comblike Tubules Structure and its Permeablity

2018 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yi Zhao ◽  
Xiao Peng Li ◽  
Kang Zhao ◽  
Yu Fei Tang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramic ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Dentin Tubule ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramic ◽  
C 30

The objectives of this study are to prepare a porous hydroxyapatite ceramic which has dentin tubule-like structure and determine its permeability. Slurry of hydroxyapatite powder, deionized water and a binder was poured into a ring which was placed on a freezing plate.The hydroxyapatite slurry was freezed in a certain rate (by controlling the temperature of the freeze plate at −15°C, −30°C and −45°C) for a certain period of time, then the freezed sample was freezing dried to remove the frozen vehicle, followed by being sintered at 1250 °C for 2 h. After that，the morphology of the cross section and longitudinal section of the sintered porous hydroxyapatite ceramic was observed by SEM and the hydraulic conductance of cross section discs of the sintered porous hydroxyapatite were determined using a self-made micro-flowing permeability tester. Results showed that the prepared hydroxyapatite ceramics having bottom-up unidirectional comblike tubule structure and the tubule diameters associated with the temperature of freezing plate.The ceramic discs prepared on the freezing plate of −45°C exhibited similarity to nature dentin tubule, with a diameter of 9.72±3.41mm and a hydraulic conductance of 0.16±0.09 ml×min-1×cm-2×cm×H2O-1.

Farmers' perceptions of the white stem borer Scirpophaga innotata (Walker), in Cilamaya, West Java, Indonesia

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Rubia ◽  
A.A. Lazaro ◽  
K.L. Heong ◽  
Diah ◽  
Nurhasyim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Borer ◽  
West Java

scholarly journals Fast, accurate photon beam accelerator modeling usingBEAMnrc: A systematic investigation of efficiency enhancing methods and cross-section data

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 5451-5466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Fragoso ◽  
Iwan Kawrakow ◽  
Bruce A. Faddegon ◽  
Timothy D. Solberg ◽  
Indrin J. Chetty
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Photon Beam ◽  
Cross Section Data ◽  
Section Data

scholarly journals Cross Section Measurements of (n,p) Reactions on Ge Isotopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
G. Gkatis ◽  
Rosa Vlastou ◽  
A. Kalamara ◽  
S. Chasapoglou ◽  
M. Kokkoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Reaction Cross ◽  
Isotopic Effect ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Tandem Accelerator ◽  
Reaction Cross Sections ◽  
Existing Data

The 72,73Ge(n,p)72,73Ga reaction cross sections were measured at the 5.5MV HV Tandem accelerator of  NCSR “Demokritos”, at neutron energies 17.7 and 19.3 MeV by using the activation method. The contamination from the (n,d) and (n,np)  reactions  on 73Ge and 74 Ge, leading to the 72Ge and 73Ge residual nuclei, respectively, has been  taken  into account, implementing the corresponding cross sections from  TENDL-2017. A systematic investigation of the isotopic effect on all Ge isotopes is also presented, from threshold up  to 20MeV, using the present data along with existing data in literature

scholarly journals Pengaruh Upah Minimum Provinsi, Investasi dan PDRB Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Sapriansah Ali Nur Iksan ◽  
Zainal Arifin ◽  
Muhammad Sri Wahyudi Suliswanto
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
West Java ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Average Contribution ◽  
Effect Test

This study aims to describe the contribution and examine the effect of provincial minimum wages, investment and GRDP on labor absorption in Indonesia. The data used in this study uses panel data, namely a combination of time series and cross section, in this study using 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2013-2017. This study uses the Fixed Effect test. The results showed that the highest average contribution of labor absorption was in the province of East Java, investment was in the province of West Java, the provincial GDP and minimum wages were in the province of DKI Jakarta. Meanwhile, the estimation results show that the provincial minimum wage variable has a positive and significant effect on labor absorption, the investment variable has a negative and insignificant effect on labor absorption, while the GRDP variable has a positive and significant effect on labor absorption in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A systematic study of proton capture reactions in the Se-Sn region relevant to p-process nucleosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harissopulos ◽  
P. Demetriou ◽  
S. Galanopoulos ◽  
G. Kriembardis ◽  
M. Kokkoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Compton Suppression ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Model Calculations

The synthesis of the so-called ρ nuclei, i.e. a certain class of proton rich nuclei that are heavier than iron, requires a special mechanism known as ρ process. This process consists of various nucleosynthetic scenaria. In some of them proton and alpha-capture reactions are strongly involved, p-process nucleosynthesis is assumed to occur in the Oxygen/Neon rich layers of type II supernovae during their explosion, ρ nuclei are typically 10-100 times less abundant than the corresponding more neutron-rich isotopes. The prediction of their abundances is one of the major puzzles of all models of p-process nucleosynthesis. Until now all these models are capable of reproducing these abundances within a factor of 3. However, they all fail in the case of the light ρ nuclei with A<100. The observed discrepancies could be attributed to uncertainties in the pure "astrophysical" part of the p-process modelling. However, they could also be the result of uncertainties in the nuclear physics data entering the corresponding abundance calculations. In order to perform these calculations the cross sections of typically 10000 nuclear reactions of an extended reaction network involving almost 1000 nuclei from A=12 to 210 are used as input data. Such a huge amount of experimental cross section data are not available. Hence, all extended network calculations rely almost completely on cross sections predicted by the Hauser-Feshbach (HF) theory. It is therefore of paramount importance, on top of any astrophysical model improvements, to test also the reliability of the HF calculations, i.e. to investigate the uncertainties associated with the evaluation of the nuclear properties, like nuclear level densities and nucleon-nucleus potentials, entering the calculations. Until now, this check has been hindered significantly by the fact that in the Se-Sn region there has been scarce experimental information on cross sections at astrophysically relevant energies. In the present work, a systematic investigation of (p,7) cross sections of nuclei from Se to Sb is presented for the first time. The in-beam cross section measurements reported were carried out at energies relevant to p-process nucleosynthesis, i.e. from 1.4 to 5 MeV. The experiments were performed by using either an array of 4 HPGe detectors of 100% relative efficiency shielded with BGO crustals for Compton suppression, or a 4π Nal summing detector. The resulting cross sections, astrophysical S-factors and reaction rates of more than 10 nuclear reactions are compared with the predictions of various statistical model calculations.

scholarly journals Influences of Spillway Section Morphologies on Landslide Dam Breaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yang ◽  
Qiming Zhong ◽  
Shengyao Mei ◽  
Yibo Shan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Landslide Dam ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Dam Breach ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Dam Breaching ◽  
Bottom Width ◽  
The Cross

Spillway excavation is often adopted as a precautionary engineering measure for disaster mitigation before landslide dam breaching. Based on the landslide dam breach mechanisms, this paper focuses on developing a numerical model to comprehensively discuss the issue based on three documented landslide dam failures, such as Tangjiashan, Xiaogangjian, and Baige landslide dams. The spillway cross section morphologies were modeled with different sizes under common shape (i.e., an inverted trapezoid) and slope conditions. The influence of cross section on dam breach processes was analyzed under conditions of different depth, bottom width, slope ratio in the cross and longitudinal sections, with/without spillway. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1) excavation of a spillway can effectively reduce the peak breach flow, therefore delay the time to peak; 2) the peak breach flow dramatically decreases and the time to peak delays as the spillway depth increases; 3) the peak breach flow changes little and the time to peak occurs earlier with the increment in spillway bottom width; 4) the peak breach flow decreases and the time to peak delays with the decrease of slope ratio in cross section in the spillway; 5) the slope ratio in the longitudinal section has little influence on the breach process. Hence, if conditions permit, the spillway with large spillway depth, small bottom width, and gentle slope ratio in the cross section is the preferable section morphology for the emergency disposal of the landslide dam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document