scholarly journals Identification key to nymphal and adult mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with dragon fruits in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Seri Rezeki ◽  
IDHAM SAKTI HARAHAP ◽  
DEWI SARTIAMI ◽  
IRMANSYAH IRMANSYAH ◽  
GILLIAN W. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Tarsal Claw ◽  
Level Identification

Abstract. Rezeki MS, Harahap IS, Sartiami D, Irmansyah, Watson GW. 2021. Identification key to nymphal and adult mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with dragon fruits in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3113-3118. Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.), belonging to Cactaceae family, is one of the horticultural commodities being developed in Indonesia for export. Phytosanitary regulations require that fruits for export must be free from diseases and pests, including mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Mealybug species commonly found on dragon fruits in Indonesia are Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus minor (Maskell) and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller. Species-level identification of these insects in the nymphal phase is difficult due to the limited number of identification keys available, so it has been necessary to create an identification key to nymphs of mealybug species found on dragon fruit. A dichotomous identification key was constructed based on microscopic morphological characteristics of the cuticle. Thus, the four species can be differentiated based on general and unique characteristics of each species in the nymphal and adult stages. The diagnostic features that can be used to separate the four species in the nymphal phase are the presence or absence of: discoidal pores around the eyes; anal lobe bars; tubular ducts on the dorsum; and a denticle on each tarsal claw.

scholarly journals Revision of the New Zealand endemic genus Phormiobius (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 553-564
Author(s):  
Jia-Wei Shen ◽  
Su-Ho Choi ◽  
Richard A. B. Leschen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Endemic Genus ◽  
Level Identification

To date monotypic, endemic New Zealand tyrine genus Phormiobius Broun, 1917 (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Pselaphitae) (type species: P. halliBroun, 1917) is revised to include six species, five of which are new: P. brouni sp. nov., P. graceae sp. nov., P. matau sp.nov., P. pseudhalli sp. nov., and P. ramsayi sp. nov. A lectotype is designated for Phormiobius halli. A species-level identification key is provided, and comparative notes on the morphology of New Zealand tyrine genera is included.

scholarly journals Taxonomic relevance of petiole anatomical and micro-morphological characteristics of Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) taxa from South Korea

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11669
Author(s):  
Beom Kyun Park ◽  
Dong Chan Son ◽  
Balkrishna Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Upgma Phenogram

We assessed the micro-morphological and anatomical structures of the petioles of 19 Clematis taxa from South Korea. The petiole surface features were observed with the help of stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the anatomical features are studied via microtomy and light microscopy. The results of this study showed that the presence/absence and abundance of trichomes, petiole cross-section outlines, upper surface wings and grooves, and the number of vascular bundles were useful for species discrimination in Clematis. Among the studied taxa, C. hexapetala was the only species with a glabrous petiole surface. Two types of trichomes were observed in the other 18 taxa: long, non-glandular and flagelliform trichomes and short, glandular capitate trichomes. We found four to six major vascular bundles and a maximum of eight interfascicular vascular bundles (C. heracleifolia and C. urticifolia) in the 19 taxa. A cluster analysis based on UPGMA identified six clusters with 18 nodes. Although the number of taxa investigated was limited, taxa from the sections Tubulosae, Viorna, and Astragene clustered with each other in the UPGMA phenogram due to the overall similarity of petiole features. Based on this observation, we can conclude that most of the petiole features are limited to the species level, and thus, the data obtained could be used as descriptive and/or diagnostic features for particular taxa, which may be useful for the investigation of problematic taxa in the genus.

Nematode-induced demasculinisation of Dolichopus males (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1689 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
JERE KAHANPÄÄ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characters ◽  
Level Identification ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Species-level identification of male dolichopodid flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) is based on the structure of genitalia and secondary sexual characters. The effect of parasitic nematodes on the diagnostic features was studied in a sample of over 6000 Dolichopus adults collected mostly from Finland. Large nematodes were found in the abdominal cavity of 45 Dolichopus males. Parasitised males of the small to mid-sized species D. fraterculus Zetterstedt, D. lepidus Staeger, D. longitarsis Stannius and D. picipes Meigen were clearly demasculinised. Secondary sexual characters like a narrowed face, long ciliae on hind femora and modified tarsal segments were weakly developed or absent. Changes in the size, shape and position of male genitalia were also found. Larger species like D. discifer Stannius and D. popularis Wiedemann were less affected by the parasites. Some of the nematode-infected males have been described as new species and they are here synonymised as follows: Dolichopus brachyurus Zetterstedt 1859=D. fraterculus Zetterstedt, 1843; D. consimilis Wahlberg, 1850=D. picipes Meigen, 1824; D. cruralis Wahlberg, 1850=D. lepidus Staeger, 1842; D. kowarzianus Stackelberg, 1928=D. longitarsis Stannius, 1831; D. lapponicus Becker, 1917=D. lepidus Staeger, 1842; D. micropygus Wahlberg, 1850=D. fraterculus Zetterstedt, 1843; D. parvicaudatus Zetterstedt, 1843=D. plumipes (Scopoli, 1763); D. pectinitarsis Stenhammar, 1851=D. plumipes (Scopoli, 1763) syn. nov.

scholarly journals Identification Key to the Genera of the Tribe Gonocerini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coreidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Elizabeth Matzinger ◽  
Michael Forthman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Complete Identification

Gonocerini is a tribe within the large and widely distributed family of insects, Coreidae Leach, 1815. The Gonocerini, as well as many other tribes of Coreidae, lack complete identification keys and existing partial keys are outdated. Here, we use taxonomic descriptions, type images, and distribution data to create a dichotomous key to all 11 genera of Gonocerini based primarily on morphological characteristics.

scholarly journals Revision of the endemic Afrotropical genus Tetractenion (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) with an identification key to genera of Banchinae for the region

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1007 ◽  
pp. 49-84
Author(s):  
Terry Reynolds Berry ◽  
Simon van Noort
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Level Identification ◽  
Production Software

The Afrotropical banchine fauna comprises 12 genera: Apophua Morley, Atropha Kriechbaumer, Cryptopimpla Taschenberg, Exetastes Gravenhorst, Glyptopimpla Morley, Himertosoma Schmiedeknecht, Lissonota Gravenhorst, Sjostedtiella Szépligeti, Spilopimpla Cameron, Syzeuctus Förster, Tetractenion Seyrig, and Tossinola Viktorov. A well-illustrated revised key to the genera using high definition images is provided, and the endemic Afrotropical genus Tetractenion is revised, previously represented by two described species. Four new species are described: T. ibayaensissp. nov., T. pascalisp. nov., T. pseudoluteasp. nov., and T. roseisp. nov. The first species-level identification key is provided for this rare genus. Based on morphological attributes the hypothesis is presented that the species in this genus are probably nocturnal. All images and online interactive Lucid keys are available at: www.waspweb.org and the associated underlying data is made available as Suppl. materials 1, 2 LIF3 files to this paper for inter-exchange with other key production software.

scholarly journals First Report of a Gall Midge Species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Associated With Pistachios

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid O Sirjani ◽  
Edwin E Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Gall Midge ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
First Report ◽  
Branch Dieback ◽  
First Time ◽  
Level Identification

Abstract A new dipterous pest is reported, for the first time, on commercial pistachios from Sirjan, Kerman province, Iran. The genus of the insect was determined to be Resseliella Seitner (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Adults are light brown to brown in color and 0.8–1.5 mm in length with females, generally, slightly larger than males. Females have an elongated ovipositor, which is characteristic of the genus. Larvae are orange in color, 2–3 mm in length in the later instars, feed under bark without inducing galls, and cause branch dieback on trees of various ages. Brown to black discolorations are observed on plant tissues under bark where the larvae feed. Infestations observed on current and the previous—year’s growths, ranged from 0.5 to 1.2 cm in diameter, and all located in outer branches. Dry leaves and fruit clusters on infested branches remain attached, which may be used to recognize infestation by the gall midge. Dark-colored, sunken spots with splits on the bark located at the base of the wilted sections of the shoots also are symptoms of Resseliella sp. larval activity. Species-level identification of the gall midge is currently underway.

scholarly journals Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a Reliable Tool to Identify Species of Catalase-negative Gram-positive Cocci not Belonging to the Streptococcus Genus

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Almuzara ◽  
Claudia Barberis ◽  
Viviana Rojas Velázquez ◽  
Maria Soledad Ramirez ◽  
Angela Famiglietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Level Identification ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Tof Ms

Objective:To evaluate the performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) by using 190 Catalase-negative Gram-Positive Cocci (GPC) clinical isolates.Methods:All isolates were identified by conventional phenotypic tests following the proposed scheme by Ruoff and Christensen and MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, BD, Bremen, Germany). Two different extraction methods (direct transfer formic acid method on spot and ethanol formic acid extraction method) and different cut-offs for genus/specie level identification were used. The score cut-offs recommended by the manufacturer (≥ 2.000 for species-level, 1.700 to 1.999 for genus level and <1.700 no reliable identification) and lower cut-off scores (≥1.500 for genus level, ≥ 1.700 for species-level and score <1.500 no reliable identification) were considered for identification. A minimum difference of 10% between the top and next closest score was required for a different genus or species.MALDI-TOF MS identification was considered correct when the result obtained from MS database agreed with the phenotypic identification result.When both methods gave discordant results, the 16S rDNA orsodAgenes sequencing was considered as the gold standard identification method. The results obtained by MS concordant with genes sequencing, although discordant with conventional phenotyping, were considered correct. MS results discordant with 16S orsodA identification were considered incorrect.Results:Using the score cut-offs recommended by the manufacturer, 97.37% and 81.05% were correctly identified to genus and species level, respectively. On the other hand, using lower cut-off scores for identification, 97.89% and 94.21% isolates were correctly identified to genus and species level respectively by MALDI-TOF MS and no significant differences between the results obtained with two extraction methods were obtained.Conclusion:The results obtained suggest that MALDI-TOF MS has the potential of being an accurate tool for Catalase-negative GPC identification even for those species with difficult diagnosis asHelcococcus,Abiotrophia,Granulicatella, among others. Nevertheless, expansion of the library, especially including more strains with different spectra on the same species might overcome potential “intraspecies” variability problems. Moreover, a decrease of the identification scores for species and genus-level identification must be considered since it may improve the MALDI-TOF MS accuracy.

scholarly journals On the fossil Remains of Panochthus Burmeister, 1866 (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Pleistocene of southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
José D. Ferreira ◽  
Martín Zamorano ◽  
Ana Maria Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Species Level ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Latitudinal Distribution ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
New Material

The genus Panochthus represents the last lineage of "Panochthini" recorded in the Pleistocene. This genus has a wide latitudinal distribution in South America, and in Brazil it occurs in the southern and northeastern regions. In this paper we describe new material (isolated osteoderms and caudal tube fragments) assigned to Panochthus from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) and discuss some taxonomic issues related to Panochthus tuberculatus and Panochthus greslebini based on this material . The occurrence of P. greslebini is the first for outside the Brazilian Intertropical Region. In addition, we describe new diagnostic features to differentiate the osteoderms of P. greslebini and P. tuberculatus. Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify some osteoderms at the species level. Interestingly, they showed four distinct morphotypes characterized by their external morphology, and thus were attributed to Panochthus sp. Lastly, we conclude that in addition to P.tuberculatus registered to southern Brazil, there is another species of the genus, assignable to P. cf. P. greslebini. Our analysis reinforce the reliability of caudal tube characters for the classification of species of Panochthus.

Revision of the genus Pseudolebinthus (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae) with the description of a new species from Southeast Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4521 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANJANA JAISWARA ◽  
JIAJIA DONG ◽  
TONY ROBILLARD
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
A New Species

Pseudolebinthus is an intriguing genus of the tribe Xenogryllini with a distribtuion restricted to southeast Africa and characterized by unique morphological features such as asymmetrical male forewings and harp veins shaped as elongated balloons. It is sister group to the widely distributed genus Xenogryllus and has been known by two species, P. africanus Robillard, 2006 and P. whellani Robillard, 2006. The genus was initially diagnosed based exclusively on male morphological features. In this study, we add a new species to the genus, P. gorochovi Robillard sp. nov. and revise the diagnostic features using both male and female characters. We also update identification keys for the species of the genus. 

Unexpected diversity of Lacon Laporte, 1838 (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Agrypninae) in the Levant: revised species concepts, new species, and an identification key

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4679 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN KUNDRATA ◽  
JOSEF MERTLIK ◽  
TAMÁS NÉMETH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
First Time

The species of genus Lacon Laporte, 1838 from the Levant are taxonomically revised. Currently, 18 species are known from the area covering the island of Cyprus and mainland from Hatay province of Turkey to Israel. Six species are described as new for science: Lacon mucheibensis sp. nov. (Israel), L. qatanensis sp. nov. (Syria), L. platiai sp. nov. (Jordan), L. safitensis sp. nov. (Syria), L. tafilensis sp. nov. (Jordan), and L. zenobiae sp. nov. (Lebanon, Syria). Lacon freidbergi Platia, 2010 is synonymized with L. lithophilus (Candèze, 1857), and L. kapleri Platia & Schimmel, 1994 with L. graecus (Candèze, 1857). Lacon drusus (Marseul, 1870) is recorded for the first time from Israel. Lacon lithophilus is recorded for the first time from Israel and Jordan. Lacon graecus is removed from the fauna of Levant, because all earlier reports of this species from Lebanon and Syria were based on misidentifications. Figures of habitus and main diagnostic features are provided for all species and an identification key to the Lacon species of the Levant is given. 

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