Unexplained Toothache: An Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Management

2010 ◽  
Vol os17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal R Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Invasive Intervention

This ‘in my opinion’ paper uses two case studies to highlight the importance of making an early diagnosis of unexplained orofacial pain. Patients with this condition can present with symptoms that can easily be confused with more common dental pain that is related to an organic pathology. An incorrect diagnosis can lead to invasive and irreversible treatment using advanced surgical or restorative techniques that are not evidence-based. Current evidence supports the use of non-invasive techniques such as behavioural interventions; for example, cognitive behaviour therapy. It is therefore imperative that patients with this condition are recognised early in primary care so that management is appropriate from the outset. This will prevent unnecessary invasive intervention, protecting the patient from harm and the practitioner from litigation.

scholarly journals Non-invasive interventions in idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
André Ivaniski Mello ◽  
Ana Carolina Kanitz ◽  
Flávia Gomes Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Therapeutic Exercise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Noninvasive Therapy ◽  
Invasive Intervention

Abstract Introduction: Idiopathic Scoliosis (IS) is an idiopathic curvature of the spine in all three plans, been treated conservatively (non-invasive) or surgicaly (invasive). The effectiveness of noninvasive therapy still remains lacking in a scientific basis to support their evidence-based applicability. Objective: Evaluate the effects of non-invasive interventions in spine lateral inclination in IS through a systematic literature review. Methods: The search of studies in MEDLINE, SCOPUS and COCHRANE databases was performed on 24th March, 2014. The terms used were: Scoliosis, therapeutic exercise, physical therapy. Clinical trials with scoliotic patients undergoing some type of non-invasive intervention were included. The outcome was spine lateral inclination. Results: The research found 941 studies, seven of these were included after a screening performed by two independent reviewers. Six studies (85.7%) have adopted some sort of kinesiotherapeutic technic, and three studies (42.8%) used corrective orthosis. The average intervention time in kinesiotherapeutic technique studies was of 37.6 weeks and 91.6 weeks in the studies of corrective brace. The progression improvement of the spine lateral inclination was reported by 83.3% (5 of 6) of the kinesiotherapeutic technique studies and in 66.6% (2 of 3) of studies with corrective brace. Conclusion: An improvement was found, in general, in the progression of spine lateral inclination in IS subjects of both sexes from 11 to 25 years of age undergoing non-invasive interventions.

Summary of Guideline for the Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Mark Oakley-Browne ◽  
David Castle ◽  
Fiona Judd ◽  
Andrew Baillie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Practice Guideline ◽  
Practice Guideline ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Objective: To provide a summary of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia Conclusions: Evidence-based treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia are now clear. These conditions are chronic and disabling in nature, are complicated by delayed treatment and the presence of other psychiatric conditions, and the presence of severe agoraphobia is a negative prognostic indicator. Choice of therapy will depend on the skill of the therapist in applying psychological treatments as well as the preferences of the patient, but there is a role for both psychological and evidence-based pharmacological approaches. The present article is a summary version of the comprehensive Clinical Practice Guideline (Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2003) which was developed in accordance with National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) criteria. It provides a two-page desk-top summary for use in clinical practice. Economic evaluation of the available evidence-based treatments showed that at 1 year the cost of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is less than the cost of the average drug therapy (CBT becomes cheaper than paroxetine at 8 months, than clomipramine at 11 months and cheaper than imipramine at 13 months). During the second and subsequent years the superiority of CBT increases whether or not the drugs are continued. Evidence levels for specific treatments are provided in the comprehensive guideline and placed in the context of overall principles of thorough assessment and quality clinical management.

How acceptance and commitment therapy changed the perspective on support provision for staff working with intellectual disability

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Leoni ◽  
Serafino Corti ◽  
Roberto Cavagnola ◽  
Olive Healy ◽  
Stephen J. Noone
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a review on evidence-based intervention concerning the reduction of stress/burnout and the improvement of wellbeing for professionals working with people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Design/methodology/approach – Theoretical models and literature related to stress reduction are reviewed from a classical cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) approach up to the novel contribution of the third generation of cognitive-behavioural therapies, with a specific focus on contextual behavioural sciences and acceptance and commitment Therapy (ACT). Findings – Despite the improvement of CBT-based interventions in reducing risk factors for stress and burnout, the limitations of a problem-solving approach when applied to challenging environments like those of direct support to persons with ID, are still large. Interventions based on the core processes and the related techniques of ACT appear to be promising in promoting the well being of paid carers reducing the risk of burnout, and increasing psychological flexibility. Such factors can increase the ability to clarify personal and professional values, as well as the opportunities to act consistently with such values and achieve greater social reinforcement in the work environment. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of the existing research are presented and discussed. There are several aspects that future research should address in order to promote staff training protocols that could be extensively applied with preventive aims. Organisations could take the available procedures and methodologies and implement these evidence-based practices within existing training. Originality/value – The research on the application of ACT and third generation of behavioural approaches to the wellbeing and behaviour of staff supporting persons with IDs remains limited. The present paper is the first narrative review on this topic.

scholarly journals Is group cognitive behaviour therapy for postnatal depression evidence-based practice? A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Scope ◽  
Joanna Leaviss ◽  
Eva Kaltenthaler ◽  
Glenys Parry ◽  
Paul Sutcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

A critical evaluation of the role of cognitive behaviour therapy in children and adolescents with depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Current Evidence Base

AbstractDepressive disorders are relatively common in adolescents although less so in younger children. They accrue significant morbidity and frequent long-term sequelae as well as increased suicide risk in sufferers. Evidence-based treatment of depression in children and adolescents is the subject of intense investigation and debate. This article reviews the current evidence base for cognitive behaviour therapy in this group and makes recommendations for further areas of research.

scholarly journals An evidence-based framework to culturally adapt cognitive behaviour therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanaya Rathod ◽  
Peter Phiri ◽  
Farooq Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
The West ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

AbstractCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in its current form might not be applicable in non-Western cultures. Differences between Western and non-Western cultures have been reported widely. Most psychotherapeutic interventions have been developed in the West and are underpinned by the values that might be specific only to Western culture. To adapt CBT, we need to understand whether the concepts associated with CBT may conflict with cultural beliefs, identifying barriers to the success of the therapy using the views of experts by experience, public and practitioners. This paper discusses the process, foci and framework of cultural adaptation of CBT. We describe an evidence-based framework for adapting CBT for individuals from non-Western cultures that will benefit clinicians who practise CBT and individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis: Current Evidence and Future Directions

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Steel
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Interventions

AbstractThe past decade has seen considerable growth in the evidence base of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. Consistent reports of moderate effect sizes have led to such interventions being recommended as part of routine clinical practice. Most of this evidence is based on a generic form of CBT for psychosis applied to a heterogeneous group. An increase in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural interventions may require new protocols. Such therapeutic developments should be based on the theoretical understanding of the psychological processes associated with specific forms of psychotic presentation. The current evidence base of CBT for psychosis is reviewed, and barriers that have held back the development of this research are discussed.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Practices in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) Case Formulation: What Do Practitioners Believe is Important, and What Do They Do?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Huisman ◽  
Maria Kangas
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Clinician Training ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Integral Process

Objective: In cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), case formulation (CF) is an integral process in ensuring clinicians’ work is grounded in evidence-based practice (EBP). The objective of this study was to evaluate psychologists’ perceptions and self-reported applications of CBT-CF, and whether these differed according to clinician experience, training, and professional accreditation. Method: A scale was developed to assess CF beliefs and applications by clinicians who had been practising CBT for a minimum of 6 months. The development of scale items was based on two CBT-CF conceptual models. Seventy-nine psychologists registered in Australia took part in this online survey. Results: Psychologists’ beliefs pertaining to CBT CF supported a three-factor model. On average, psychologists perceived all activities related to CF at least moderately important, and were implemented at least some of the time. However, activities related to use of external evidence were rated as less important, and less frequently implemented. Clinical psychologists endorsed theory and EBP in structuring CF as more important, which also translated into self-reported practice of CF CBT implementation relative to generalist psychologists. Conclusions: The findings indicate some gaps in the knowledge and application of CF CBT in clinical practice and has implications in strengthening clinician training in CF CBT.

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