scholarly journals A review of the use of biological mesh products in modern UK surgical practice: a religious and cultural perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 566-570
Author(s):  
RM Koshy ◽  
EG Kane ◽  
C Grocock
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Religious Perspective ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Introduction The UK is an increasingly multicultural society. This change coincides with an increasing use of animal products in medicine and surgery and a change in the UK law of consent. The refusal of Jehovah’s Witnesses to accept blood products is well known, but the use of animal products in surgery is a neglected topic. As society becomes more diverse and medicine becomes ever more advanced, there is increasing potential for a mismatch between what is medically possible and what is acceptable from a religious perspective. Methods Surgical products were identified by searching the literature and contacting manufacturing companies. Literature was identified by using PubMed and OVID (MEDLINE). Religious views were established by contacting national bodies for each group. Findings The views of common UK religious groups and the constituent parts of biological meshes are summarised in tables intended to be used as a reference during clinical practice. On an elective basis, the Islamic, Hindu. Sikh and Jain leaders contacted had strong views on avoiding animal derived products. The Christian and Jewish leaders contacted did not. All religious leaders contacted accepted the use of mesh derived from human tissue. All products, including those of porcine and bovine origin, were acceptable to all leaders contacted if the procedure was performed to save life. The highlighting of this issue should prompt earlier consideration and discussion in the surgical planning and the consenting process with all final decisions taken by both the surgeon and the individual patient.

A chaplain's perspective on body donation and thanksgiving

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-202
Author(s):  
Peter Wells
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Body Donation ◽  
Insight Into

All major religions accept that organ donation is an individual choice and the same is true when it comes to donating one's whole body to medical science. While religious groups have ‘official’ views, it is common, given the various denominations and subgroups within a religion, to have deviation from the official message. This paper provides some insight into the views of religious leaders from one local community in the UK on the act of body donation. The paper also demonstrates the importance that the Abrahamic religions place on providing opportunities for remembrance and thanksgiving for those who have died and how this is extended through the services of thanksgiving that are held by medical schools for those who have donated their bodies to medical science.

scholarly journals Damage control – trauma care in the first hour and beyond: a clinical review of relevant developments in the field of trauma care

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Sharrock ◽  
M Midwinter
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Care ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Damage Control Surgery ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Trauma Networks ◽  
Haemorrhage Control ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Introduction Trauma provision in the UK is a topic of interest. Regional trauma networks and centres are evolving and research is blossoming, but what bearing does all this have on the care that is delivered to the individual patient? This article aims to provide an overview of key research concepts in the field of trauma care, to guide the clinician in decision making in the management of major trauma. Methods The Ovid MEDLINE®, EMBASE™ and PubMed databases were used to search for relevant articles on haemorrhage control, damage control resuscitation and its exceptions, massive transfusion protocols, prevention and correction of coagulopathy, acidosis and hypothermia, and damage-control surgery. Findings A wealth of research is available and a broad range has been reviewed to summarise significant developments in trauma care. Research has been categorised into disciplines and it is hoped that by considering each, a tailored management plan for the individual trauma patient will evolve, potentially improving patient outcome.

Sisterhood and After

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretta Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Women's Liberation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Women’S Liberation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cultural Taste

This ground-breaking history of the UK Women’s Liberation Movement explores the individual and collective memories of women at its heart. Spanning at least two generations and four nations, and moving through the tumultuous decades from the 1970s to the present, the narrative is powered by feminist oral history, notably the British Library’s Sisterhood and After: The Women’s Liberation Oral History Project. The book mines these precious archives to bring fresh insight into the lives of activists and the campaigns and ideas they mobilised. It navigates still-contested questions of class, race, violence, and upbringing—as well as the intimacies, sexualities and passions that helped fire women’s liberation—and shows why many feminists still regard notions of ‘equality’ or even ‘equal rights’ as insufficient. It casts new light on iconic campaigns and actions in what is sometimes simplified as feminism’s ‘second wave’, and enlivens a narrative too easily framed by ideological abstraction with candid, insightful, sometimes painful personal accounts of national and less well-known women activists. They describe lives shaped not only by structures of race, class, gender, sexuality and physical ability, but by education, age, love and cultural taste. At the same time, they offer extraordinary insights into feminist lifestyles and domestic pleasures, and the crossovers and conflicts between feminists. The work draws on oral history’s strength as creative method, as seen with its conclusion, where readers are urged to enter the archives of feminist memory and use what they find there to shape their own political futures.

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

scholarly journals P136 Vegan orthopaedics

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwithyen Silk ◽  
Niraj Vetherajan ◽  
Alice Blohm ◽  
Katie Keen ◽  
Fiona Teeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Prescribed Medicines ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Introduction Bristol is the vegan capital of the UK. The UK vegan index reveals that Bristol has 360,000 Google searches each month for Vegan content. However, do we think about the possible animal source of the medications we prescribe. Although all medications in the UK need to be tested on animals prior to being licensed and therefore cannot be truly “vegan”, there are alternatives available for some commonly used medications that do not contain animal products. Several world religions prohibit their followers from consuming certain foods, ranging from those not prepared in a specific manner to those derived from certain animals. Kosher and halal diet adherents share concerns with those on vegan diets. Vegan options are a solution when only non-conforming or uncertain products are available. Methods We conducted a review of commonly used medications in Orthopaedics and reviewed their source. The BNF, local pharmacy and online Summary of Product Characteristics (SPCs) for the medications were reviewed. Results Where possible we have compiled a list of those that contain animal derived components and suggest alternatives. Sometimes, pharmaceutical companies cannot guarantee or differentiate the specific sources of animal-derived ingredients, as various suppliers are used in the manufacturing process and the sources can change. All unfractionated or standard heparin is porcine in origin; Rivaroxaban and Fondaparinux are simple alternatives for example. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) – Manufacture also involves the use of lanolin from sheep’s wool. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is vegan. Conclusion Disclosure of animal content and excipients would help patients make an informed choice. With an increasingly informed population and ethnic diversity, we should all be aware of the drugs that may contain animal products so that we can offer alternatives. Patients are more likely to adhere to prescribed medicines if they have been actively involved in prescribing decisions.

scholarly journals A detailed analysis of anatomical plausibility of crossed and uncrossed streamline rendition of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT(T)) in a commercial stereotactic planning system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker A. Coenen ◽  
Bastian E. Sajonz ◽  
Peter C. Reinacher ◽  
Christoph P. Kaller ◽  
Horst Urbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Native Space ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background An increasing number of neurosurgeons use display of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) based on diffusion weighted imaging (dMRI) as basis for their routine planning of stimulation or lesioning approaches in stereotactic tremor surgery. An evaluation of the anatomical validity of the display of the DRT with respect to modern stereotactic planning systems and across different tracking environments has not been performed. Methods Distinct dMRI and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of high and low quality from 9 subjects were used. Six subjects had repeated MRI scans and therefore entered the analysis twice. Standardized DICOM structure templates for volume of interest definition were applied in native space for all investigations. For tracking BrainLab Elements (BrainLab, Munich, Germany), two tensor deterministic tracking (FT2), MRtrix IFOD2 (https://www.mrtrix.org), and a global tracking (GT) approach were used to compare the display of the uncrossed (DRTu) and crossed (DRTx) fiber structure after transformation into MNI space. The resulting streamlines were investigated for congruence, reproducibility, anatomical validity, and penetration of anatomical way point structures. Results In general, the DRTu can be depicted with good quality (as judged by waypoints). FT2 (surgical) and GT (neuroscientific) show high congruence. While GT shows partly reproducible results for DRTx, the crossed pathway cannot be reliably reconstructed with the other (iFOD2 and FT2) algorithms. Conclusion Since a direct anatomical comparison is difficult in the individual subjects, we chose a comparison with two research tracking environments as the best possible “ground truth.” FT2 is useful especially because of its manual editing possibilities of cutting erroneous fibers on the single subject level. An uncertainty of 2 mm as mean displacement of DRTu is expectable and should be respected when using this approach for surgical planning. Tractographic renditions of the DRTx on the single subject level seem to be still illusive.

scholarly journals ‘Rising demand and decreasing resources’: Theorising the ‘cost of austerity’ as a barrier to social worker discretion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
CIARÁN MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Social Worker ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The Munro Review of Child Protection asserted that the English child protection system had become overly ‘defensive’, ‘bureaucratised’ and ‘standardised’, meaning that social workers were not employing their discretion in the interests of the individual child. This paper reports on the results of an ethnographic case study of one of England’s statutory child protection teams. The research sought to explore the extent of social worker discretion relative to Munro’s call for ‘radical reform’ and a move towards a more ‘child-centred’ system. Employing an iterative mixed methods design – encompassing documentary analysis, observation, focus group, questionnaire, interview and ‘Critical Realist Grounded Theory’ – the study positioned the UK Government’s prolonged policy of ‘austerity’ as a barrier to social worker discretion. This was because the policy was seen to be contributing to an increased demand for child protection services; and a related sense amongst practitioners that they were afforded insufficient time with the child to garner the requisite knowledge, necessary for discretionary behaviour. Ultimately, despite evidence of progress relative to assertions that social worker discretion had been eroded, the paper concludes that there may still be ‘more to do’ if we are to achieve the ‘child-centred’ and ‘effective’ system that Munro advocated.

Gender perspectives on extended working life policies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine Ní Léime ◽  
Wendy Loretto
Keyword(s):  
Working Life ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Working Set ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
Pension Contribution ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Pension

This chapter documents international policy developments and provides a gender critique of retirement, employment and pension policies in Australia, Ireland, Germany, Portugal, Sweden, the UK, and the US. It assesses the degree to which the individual country's extended working life policies have adopted the agenda (increasing pension age and introducing flexible working) set out by the OECD and the EU. Policies include raising state pension age, changes in the duration of pension contribution requirements, the move from defined benefits to defined contribution pensions, policies on caring for vulnerable members of the population, policies enabling flexible working and anti-age discrimination measures. An expanded framework is used to assess the degree to which gender and other intersecting issues such as health, caring, class, type of occupation and/or membership of minority communities have (or have not) been taken into account in designing and implementing policies extending working life.

scholarly journals ‘'Sex Changes'? Paradigm Shifts in ‘Sex’ and ‘Gender’ following the Gender Recognition Act?’

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Whittle ◽  
Lewis Turner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Change ◽  
Gender Recognition ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Gender Variance ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Legal Understanding

Gender transformations are normatively understood as somatic, based on surgical reassignment, where the sexed body is aligned with the gender identity of the individual through genital surgery – hence the common lexicon ‘sex change surgery’. We suggest that the UK Gender Recognition Act 2004 challenges what constitutes a ‘sex change’ through the Act's definitions and also the conditions within which legal ‘recognition’ is permitted. The sex/gender distinction, (where sex normatively refers to the sexed body, and gender, to social identity) is demobilised both literally and legally. This paper discusses the history of medico-socio-legal definitions of sex have been developed through decision making processes when courts have been faced with people with gender variance and, in particular, the implications of the Gender Recognition Act for our contemporary legal understanding of sex. We ask, and attempt to answer, has ‘sex’ changed?

scholarly journals Myth of King Arthur as a Conceptual Matrix for Understanding Brexit

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-214
Author(s):  
A. A. Sharapkova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
British Press ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

The article analyses media discourse characterized by appealing to the myth about King Arthur against the background of the political crisis in the UK (Brexit). The publications of the British press in 2016-2019, online polls and blogs served as a material. Applying both linguistic and conceptual analysis, we identify the stages the myth about King Arthur gets gradually actualized. Cognitive mechanisms that get profiled at each stage are considered. Three stages of myth actualization are distinguished: (1) from using the idiom about the search for the Holy Grail in politics to comparing Brexit with finding a magic artifact, (2) comparing crisis participants with other elements of the myth, (3) modeling the way out of the crisis through the description of the search for a new leader. Particular attention is paid to how the individual elements of the myth work in dynamics. For example, it is shown that the image of the Grail undergoes an axiological reassessment from positive to negative as attitudes toward political events and figures change. We conclude that in times of crisis, society turns to national mythology, reinterprets it within a new context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document