scholarly journals Intercropping of field pea with annual legumes for increasing grain yield production

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Dalibor Živanov ◽  
Aleksandra Savić ◽  
Snežana Katanski ◽  
Đura Karagić ◽  
Branko Milošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Yield Production

Growth, yield and neurotoxin (ODAP) concentration of three Lathyrus species in mediterranean-type environments of Western Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHM Siddique ◽  
SP Loss ◽  
SP Herwig ◽  
JM Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L ◽  
Western Australian

The growth, phenology, grain yield and neurotoxin (ODAP) content of Lathyrus sativus, L. cicera and L. ochrus were compared with a locally adapted field pea (Pisum sativum L.) to examine their potential as grain legumes in Western Australian farming systems. About 17 lines of each species were obtained from ICARDA, Syria, and grown at 3 agro-climatically different sites. In general, the 3 species were later flowering than field pea, especially L. cicera and L. ochrus; however, L. sativus was the last species to mature. The best Lathyrus lines produced biomass near flowering similar to field pea. At the most favourable site, grain yields were up to 1.6, 2.6 and 1.7 t/ha for L. sativus, L. cicera and L. ochrus respectively, compared with a field pea grain yield of 3.1 t/ha. There was considerable genotype and environmental variation in ODAP concentration in the seed. On average, the ODAP concentration of L. ochrus (6.58 mg/g) was about twice that of L. sativus, and L. cicera had the lowest ODAP concentration (1.31 mg/g). Given that Lathyrus spp. have not had the same breeding effort as field pea and other grain legumes in Australia, these results encourage further selection or breeding. In the shor-tseasoned, mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia, harvest indices and grain yields could be improved with early flowering. Low ODAP concentration should also be sought.

Adaptation of field pea varieties to organic farming across different environments of Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Pecetti ◽  
Angelo R. Marcotrigiano ◽  
Luigi Russi ◽  
Massimo Romani ◽  
Paolo Annicchiarico
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction

This study aimed to support field pea (Pisum sativum L.) breeding strategies for organic systems of southern European environments, by assessing the size of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) due to spatial and temporal factors across climatically contrasting regions and identifying plant characters associated with genotype adaptive responses. Twelve recent varieties were evaluated for grain yield and other traits in six organically managed environments (three sites × two cropping years) of northern, central and southern Italy. GEI for grain yield was large, with the variety × site × year interaction greatly exceeding the variety × site interaction. This finding, and the similar magnitude of the mean genetic correlations for variety yields across pairs of sites (rg = 0.56) and pairs of years (rg = 0.51), indicated the difficulty of exploiting variety × site interaction effects by breeding for specific climatic regions. Pattern analysis highlighted the large inconsistency across years for GEI pattern of the sites from central and southern Italy. GEI also complicated the targeting of varieties, owing to inconsistent top-performing material across years according to additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI)-modelled yields. Higher genotype mean yield was strictly associated (P < 0.01) with lower weed proportion (hence, greater competitiveness against weeds: r = –0.96), taller plants (r = 0.89) and larger seeds (r = 0.78), with looser associations with lower susceptibility to lodging and ascochyta blight. These traits, which also contributed to preferential adaptation to the moisture-favourable environments of northern Italy, could be selected in breeding widely adapted varieties.

scholarly journals Crop performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect of pea ideotypes in an organic farming system

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Gollner ◽  
Walter Starz ◽  
Jürgen K. Friedel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
N Concentration

Abstract Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable grain legume in organic crop rotations. Pea rotations provide nitrogen (N) to the system through N fixation and produce animal feed or human food. Because of the high susceptibility of pea to pests, diseases and weeds and due to low profitability, especially in organic systems, pea cropping intensity decreased in the last 15 years in Austria. Therefore, it is important to find strategies for improving pea cropping systems in organic systems, by increasing yields and providing a positive N balance. The objective of this study was to compare pea genotypes of selected field and fodder pea in pure and mixed pea stands for biomass performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect under dry site conditions in a 2-year study in Eastern Austria. Pea N fixation was estimated using the extended N-difference method, with oat as the reference crop. The highest grain yield was found for the leafed field pea, with 2.5 Mg dry mass (DM) ha−1, followed by the semi-leafless field pea with 2.1 Mg DM ha−1 and the pea-mixtures with 2.2 Mg DM ha−1. The field pea cultivars yielded more than the fodder pea cultivars with 1.6 Mg DM ha−1. The average N concentration in pea grains was 3.6 mg g−1. The fodder pea type contained 3.8 mg g−1, significantly more N (p < 0.0001) than the semi-leafless and leafed field pea. Pea N fixation ranged from 53 to 75 kg N ha−1, corresponding to 42–50% of N derived from the atmosphere (% Ndfa). No differences in N fixation were found among cultivars, types and field/fodder pea. The fodder pea exported less N from the field because of their lower grain yield. Therefore, the N balance (N-input − N-output) of fodder pea was positive, with + 3.4 kg N ha−1 compared to the negative N balance of − 0.6 to − 3.6 kg N ha−1 for the leafed field pea types. These differences were not reflected in the following winter wheat crop, where the DM grain yield was 3.6–3.9 Mg ha−1 with no differences between cultivars and ideotypes. The results demonstrate that leafed field pea could have a sufficient grain yield and fodder pea could produce high N concentration in the grains. Because there are no differences regarding the effect of pea types on the yield of the following crop, it can be concluded that all tested pea types are suitable for successful organic pea production under dry site conditions. While there were no negative effects on the subsequent crop, the different ideotypes and mixtures may be selected based on different management goals.

Zero-tillage influence on canola, field pea and wheat in a dry subhumid region: Agronomic and physiological responses

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Borstlap ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Field trials were conducted over 4 site-years in southern Manitoba to compare the response of Katepwa wheat, Westar canola and Victoria field pea to zero tillage (ZT). The experimental design was a split plot with tillage system as the mainplot (ZT vs. conventional tillage (CT)) and crop species as the subplot. All crops received protection from insect, weed and disease pests. Tillage system had only a limited impact on crop dry matter accumulation or grain quality. Where differences were observed, crop performance was enhanced under ZT. Seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) was either reduced or unaffected by ZT, while ET efficiency (ETE: kg ha−1 mm−1 ET) was either increased or unchanged by the shift from CT to ZT. Higher ETE under ZT was attributed to less soil water evaporation. Significant tillage system × crop species (T × S) interactions for growth parameters, ET and ETE indicated that field pea often benefitted more than wheat or canola from ZT. A significant T × S interaction at one of the four sites indicated that water extraction between 30 and 90 cm was higher for pea and canola in the ZT compared with CT treatment, while soil water extraction by wheat was reduced under ZT. At a second site, lower ET for all three crops under ZT was attributed to reduced water use between 90 and 130 cm. Despite some effects of ZT on crop growth and water use, no significant tillage, T × S, or site × tillage interactions were observed for grain yield. It was concluded that under the conditions of this study (i.e. precipitation and temperature conditions close to the long-term average), Westar canola, Victoria field pea and Katepwa wheat were, for the most part, equally suited to ZT production. Key words: Soil water extraction, evapotranspiration efficiency, crop quality, grain yield, canopy development

Grain yields of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in South Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The 1960S

The grain yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) between 1959-60 and 1991-92 was examined in selected Hundreds in important peagrowing regions of South Australia. Over the 33 years, the rates of increase in grain yield have been substantial, ranging from 20 to 48 kg/ha.year. The rate of increase in the State average for the same period was 22 kg/ha. year. The largest rates of increase have occurred mainly in the Hundreds in the higher rainfall areas. Yields have increased irregularly. During the 1960s grain yields rose relatively slowly, but from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s, large increases occurred. Since then, yields have increased relatively little or, in some Hundreds, declined. With one exception, grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with seasonal (April-October) rainfall in each Hundred, but there were few significant correlations with rainfall in individual months. Yield was often correlated with winter and autumn rainfall but not with spring rainfall. The efficiencies of seasonal water use in the Hundreds ranged from 2.7 to 4.8 kg/ha.mm; these were lower than the maximum values recorded for other winter grain legumes, suggesting that water use efficiencies can improve substantially.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BRS TUMUCUMAQUE COWPEA UNDER DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES AND WATER REGIMES1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
JOSIMAR SOARES DA SILVA JÚNIOR ◽  
EDSON ALVES BASTOS ◽  
MILTON JOSÉ CARDOSO ◽  
ADERSON SOARES DE ANDRADE JUNIOR ◽  
VALDENIR QUEIROZ RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a legume of great socioeconomic importance for the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. However, studies to evaluate its production performance when cultivated under irrigated regime and under different plant densities are necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different water regimes and different plant densities on grain yield, production components and water use efficiency, and on the correlation between grain yield and production components of BRS Tumucumaque cowpea cultivar. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Meio-Norte experimental area, in Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil, from June to September 2017, in an Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrófico (Ultisol). A randomized complete block design was used, in a split-plot scheme with four replicates, in which the water regimes occupied the plots (187.7; 233.5; 263.5 and 288.7 mm) and plant densities, the subplots (12; 16; 20 and 24 plants m-2). The number of pods per plant, number of pods per square meter, pod length, dry grain yield and water use efficiency were evaluated. The maximum dry grain yield reached was 1,694.46 kg ha-1, with application of 288.7 mm and density of 20.4 plants m-2. The production component number of pods per square meter was the most correlated with dry grain yield.

scholarly journals Effect of liquid Biofertilizer (Vrikshayurveda) prepared from Brassica alba on the cultivation of rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-329
Author(s):  
Anjan Kumar Sinha ◽  
P. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Panicle Number

Brassica alba, one of the very anciently well known plants, was used as biofertilizer long time before. Pot culture technique was introduced and three different pots were prepared. Plants of first pot provided only normal dose of urea, in second pot additionally 10% B. alba liquid manure sprayed along with the normal dose of urea. Third pot was provided with blue green algal fertilization and 10% of B. alba liquid manure. Various parameters like plant height, leaf length, leaf number and inflorescence length were evaluated in test culture receiving differentdose of urea and bio-fertilizer. In pot-1, plant height, length of inflorescence, grain yield , husk yield , grains per panicle , number of panicle per plant and weight of 1000 grains was found to be 84.30 cm, 19.50 cm, 2800 kgha-1, 4300 kgha-1, 42 grains per panicle, 4 panicle and 24.80 gm respectively, whereas in pot-2 plant height, length of inflorescence, grain yield, husk yield, grains per panicle, number of panicle per plant and weight of 1000 grains was found to be 98.50 cm, 21.40 cm, 3700 kgha-1 ,5600 kgha-1, 56 grains, 6 panicle and 29.30 gm respectively and in test pot-3, plant height, length of inflorescence, grain yield, husk yield, grains per panicle, number of panicle per plant and weight of 1000 grains was found to be 112.80 cm, 24.30 cm, 3850 kg ha-1, 5630 kgha-1, 60 grain per panicle, 6 panicle, and 30.60 gm respectively. The results clearly indicated that in comparison to urea, B. alba treated paddy plant performed higher plant height, higher yield production, higher husk production, larger number of grain per panicle and panicle length and higher grain weight.

scholarly journals Predicting spring wheat yields based on water use-yield production function in a semi-arid climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1201
Author(s):  
Funian Zhao ◽  
Runyuan Wang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Jun Lei ◽  
Qiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Boundary Function ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Attainable Yield

Grain yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fluctuates greatly in Western Loess Plateau of China due to limited and highly variable precipitation. Farmers in this area need a simple tool to predict spring wheat grain yield and assess yield loss risk efficiently. The objectives of this study were to establish relations between water use and grain yield of spring wheat for predicting actual yield and attainable yield (water limited yield) under conventional management practice and mulching practices. Reference data during 1993-2013 and field experiment conducted from 1987 to 2011 were used to determine water use-yield production function and boundary function for spring wheat. Probability of achieving a given spring wheat grain yield threshold is determined based on available soil water content at sowing plus expected precipitation during growing season. Single linear equation was obtained with slope of 14.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 and x intercept at 126.3 mm for spring wheat water use-yield production function with different wheat varieties under varying climatic patterns. The slopes of the boundary function were 16.2 kg ha-1 mm-1 and 19.1 kg ha-1 mm-1 under conventional management practice and mulching practices, respectively. With increase of available soil water content at sowing, the probability of achieving at least 2000 and 4000 kg ha-1 of spring wheat for actual and attainable yield increased under different agricultural management practices.

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