scholarly journals Der Ausdruck von Aktionen im Deutschen und Italienischen

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Anne-Kathrin Gärtig-Bressan
Keyword(s):  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Language Pair

The article considers contrastive linguistics as a discipline that interacts closely with its intralinguistic and applied neighbouring disciplines. Within this framework, the online ontology IMAGACT presents an instrument that allows to contrast how languages lexicalize concrete actions (movements, modification of objects, setting relations among objects, etc.) in their verbs. German and Italian, the language pair considered here, differ typologically in their lexicalization strategies, which leads to difficulties in L2 acquisition, translation and lexicography. The article shows how the corpus-based IMAGACT database, which presents a set of 1010 actions in short films and links them to the appropriate verbs in 15 languages, provides help in these fields, and how it can at the same time empirically support contrastive-typological findings

Contrastive linguistics and language comparison

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard König
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

After receiving enthusiastic support during the 1960s and 1970s, the program of ‘Contrastive linguistics’ led a somewhat modest, if not marginal, existence during the two subsequent decades. The main reason for the apparent failure of this program was, of course, that the high hopes seen in its potential for making foreign language teaching more efficient were disappointed. Empirical work on the process of L2-acquisition from different native languages as starting points showed that contrastive linguistics cannot simply be equated with a theory of foreign language acquisition. A second problem was that a central aspect of the contrastive program, i.e. the writing of comprehensive contrastive grammars for language pairs, was hardly ever properly implemented. Finally, there was the problem of finding a place for contrastive linguistics within the spectrum of language comparison, relative to other comparative approaches to linguistic analysis. It is the third of these issues that is addressed by the present article. It will be shown that only by relating contrastive linguistics to other subfields of comparative linguistics and by delimiting it from them will we obtain a clear picture of its agenda, its potential and its limits.

scholarly journals Deutsch im Vergleich. Sprachliche Strukturen im Kontrast zum Italienischen

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Peggy Katelhön ◽  
Marina Brambilla ◽  
Albana Muco
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
German Language ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Common ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Language Pair

This thematic issue of Linguistik online is dedicated to Contrastive linguistics for the language pair Italian-German. The contributions collected here deal with Italian-German language comparison from different points of view. The common feature of all of them is a corpus-oriented approach. Using authentic attestations from different linguistic sources, the linguistic structures of both languages are analysed and compared with each other. The granular and fine-grained comparison enabled the authors to work out interesting results not only in the fields of morphology and syntax, but also for pragmatics, and text and discourse linguistics for both languages, which can be profitably used in foreign language didactics, theoretical linguistics and translation studies.

Methodological issues in the use of directional parallel corpora

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maïté Dupont ◽  
Sandrine Zufferey
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
French Language ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Language Pair

Abstract The recent emergence of large parallel corpora has represented a leap ahead for cross-linguistic and translation studies. However, the specificities of these corpora and their influence on the nature of observed linguistic phenomena remain underexplored, especially in the field of contrastive linguistics. In this study, we compare the translation equivalences of four concessive adverbial connectives in English and in French across three corpora varying along three dimensions: register, directionality of the translation and translator expertise. Our results indicate that these dimensions affect the cross-linguistic equivalences observed between connectives. We conclude that, in future work, translation-based claims about cross-linguistic equivalences should be balanced according to the type of data analysed. We also identify a pressing need for more rigorously-documented parallel corpora for the English-French language pair.

scholarly journals New information subjects in L2 acquisition: evidence from Italian and Finnish

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Dal Pozzo
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
New Information ◽  
Discourse Interface ◽  
Language Pair ◽  
Discourse Syntax

Recent work on second language acquisition within the generative framework has pointed out interfaces (syntax-discourse, syntax-semantics, etc.) as a residual domain of vulnerability in L2. Rather than in core syntax, it is at the interface level that the divergence between native and non-native grammars has been shown to be more prominent. In this book the investigation of answering strategies and the focalization of new information subjects, which require access to the syntax-discourse interface, will be pursued. Data is collected through an oral elicitation task on Finnish and Italian, a rather unexplored language pair, in various stages of language development: advanced and intermediate L2 acquisition, L1 under L2 attrition, early bilingualism, child monolingual L1 development.

A View of the Lexical–Grammatical Link in Young Latinos With Specific Language Impairment Using Language-Specific and Conceptual Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía I. Méndez ◽  
Gabriela Simon-Cereijido
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
L1 And L2

Purpose This study investigated the nature of the association of lexical–grammatical abilities within and across languages in Latino dual language learners (DLLs) with specific language impairment (SLI) using language-specific and bilingual measures. Method Seventy-four Spanish/English–speaking preschoolers with SLI from preschools serving low-income households participated in the study. Participants had stronger skills in Spanish (first language [L1]) and were in the initial stages of learning English (second language [L2]). The children's lexical, semantic, and grammar abilities were assessed using normative and researcher-developed tools in English and Spanish. Hierarchical linear regressions of cross-sectional data were conducted using measures of sentence repetition tasks, language-specific vocabulary, and conceptual bilingual lexical and semantic abilities in Spanish and English. Results Results indicate that language-specific vocabulary abilities support the development of grammar in L1 and L2 in this population. L1 vocabulary also contributes to L2 grammar above and beyond the contribution of L2 vocabulary skills. However, the cross-linguistic association between vocabulary in L2 and grammar skills in the stronger or more proficient language (L1) is not observed. In addition, conceptual vocabulary significantly supported grammar in L2, whereas bilingual semantic skills supported L1 grammar. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the same language-specific vocabulary abilities drive grammar development in L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI. In the early stages of L2 acquisition, vocabulary skills in L1 also seem to contribute to grammar skills in L2 in this population. Thus, it is critical to support vocabulary development in both L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI, particularly in the beginning stages of L2 acquisition. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.

Factored Statistical Machine Translation for German-English

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Darryl Yunus Sulistyan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
New Model ◽  
Language Pair

Machine Translation is a machine that is going to automatically translate given sentences in a language to other particular language. This paper aims to test the effectiveness of a new model of machine translation which is factored machine translation. We compare the performance of the unfactored system as our baseline compared to the factored model in terms of BLEU score. We test the model in German-English language pair using Europarl corpus. The tools we are using is called MOSES. It is freely downloadable and use. We found, however, that the unfactored model scored over 24 in BLEU and outperforms the factored model which scored below 24 in BLEU for all cases. In terms of words being translated, however, all of factored models outperforms the unfactored model.

Short Films from a Small Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art And Architecture

The first book-length study in English of a national corpus of state-sponsored informational film, this book traces how Danish shorts on topics including social welfare, industry, art and architecture were commissioned, funded, produced and reviewed from the inter-war period to the 1960s. For three decades, state-sponsored short filmmaking educated Danish citizens, promoted Denmark to the world, and shaped the careers of renowned directors like Carl Th. Dreyer. Examining the life cycle of a representative selection of films, and discussing their preservation and mediation in the digital age, this book presents a detailed case study of how informational cinema is shaped by, and indeed shapes, its cultural, political and technological contexts.The book combines close textual analysis of a broad range of films with detailed accounts of their commissioning, production, distribution and reception in Denmark and abroad, drawing on Actor-Network Theory to emphasise the role of a wide range of entities in these processes. It considers a broad range of genres and sub-genres, including industrial process films, public information films, art films, the city symphony, the essay film, and many more. It also maps international networks of informational and documentary films in the post-war period, and explores the role of informational film in Danish cultural and political history.

Perceptual-Imaginative Space and the Beautiful Ecologies of Rose Lowder's Bouquets

Paragraph ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-329
Author(s):  
Sarah Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Ecological Concern

Experimental filmmaker Rose Lowder is an intricate explorer of perception. Many of her exquisite silent short films feature flowers that are scrutinized frame by frame in shots that appear to have layers, as well as volume, and to quiver between simultaneity and succession. Yet these perceptual palimpsests that present almost too much for the eye to take in also reveal an as yet unexplored relation to imagination. Informed by ecological principles and foregrounding floral beauty, Lowder's Bouquets create a striking bond between perceptual and imaginative space. This article draws upon twentieth-century phenomenological accounts of perception before delving into earlier historical discussions of beauty in nature and in art, and bringing out connections to moral philosophy and feminist ecophilosophy, in order to understand how the beautiful entwines with ecological concern in the perceptual-imaginative space of her films.

An exploration of target L2 morphemes in the oral production of young EFL learners in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena O'Reilly ◽  
Eva Jakupčević
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Production Study ◽  
Efl Students

Although the second language (L2) acquisition of morphology by late L2 learners has been a popular research area over the past decades, comparatively little is known about the acquisition and development of morphology in children who learn English as a foreign language (EFL). Therefore, the current study presents the findings from a longitudinal oral production study with 9/10-year-old L1 Croatian EFL students who were followed up at the age of 11/12. Our results are largely in line with the limited research so far in this area: young EFL learners have few issues using the be copula and, eventually, the irregular past simple forms, but had considerable problems with accurately supplying the 3rd person singular -s at both data collection points. We also observed a be + base form structure, especially at the earlier stage, which appears to be an emergent past simple construction.

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