Methodological issues in the use of directional parallel corpora

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maïté Dupont ◽  
Sandrine Zufferey
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
French Language ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Language Pair

Abstract The recent emergence of large parallel corpora has represented a leap ahead for cross-linguistic and translation studies. However, the specificities of these corpora and their influence on the nature of observed linguistic phenomena remain underexplored, especially in the field of contrastive linguistics. In this study, we compare the translation equivalences of four concessive adverbial connectives in English and in French across three corpora varying along three dimensions: register, directionality of the translation and translator expertise. Our results indicate that these dimensions affect the cross-linguistic equivalences observed between connectives. We conclude that, in future work, translation-based claims about cross-linguistic equivalences should be balanced according to the type of data analysed. We also identify a pressing need for more rigorously-documented parallel corpora for the English-French language pair.

scholarly journals Deutsch im Vergleich. Sprachliche Strukturen im Kontrast zum Italienischen

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Peggy Katelhön ◽  
Marina Brambilla ◽  
Albana Muco
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
German Language ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Common ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Language Pair

This thematic issue of Linguistik online is dedicated to Contrastive linguistics for the language pair Italian-German. The contributions collected here deal with Italian-German language comparison from different points of view. The common feature of all of them is a corpus-oriented approach. Using authentic attestations from different linguistic sources, the linguistic structures of both languages are analysed and compared with each other. The granular and fine-grained comparison enabled the authors to work out interesting results not only in the fields of morphology and syntax, but also for pragmatics, and text and discourse linguistics for both languages, which can be profitably used in foreign language didactics, theoretical linguistics and translation studies.

scholarly journals Broadband RF Phased Array Design with MEEP: Comparisons to Array Theory in Two and Three Dimensions

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Jordan C. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Future Work

Phased array radar systems have a wide variety of applications in engineering and physics research. Phased array design usually requires numerical modeling with expensive commercial computational packages. Using the open-source MIT Electrogmagnetic Equation Propagation (MEEP) package, a set of phased array designs is presented. Specifically, one and two-dimensional arrays of Yagi-Uda and horn antennas were modeled in the bandwidth [0.1–5] GHz, and compared to theoretical expectations in the far-field. Precise matches between MEEP simulation and radiation pattern predictions at different frequencies and beam angles are demonstrated. Given that the computations match the theory, the effect of embedding a phased array within a medium of varying index of refraction is then computed. Understanding the effect of varying index on phased arrays is critical for proposed ultra-high energy neutrino observatories which rely on phased array detectors embedded in natural ice. Future work will develop the phased array concepts with parallel MEEP, in order to increase the detail, complexity, and speed of the computations.

scholarly journals A Vaccine Based on the A/ASIA/G-VII Lineage of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Offers Low Levels of Protection against Circulating Viruses from the A/ASIA/Iran-05 lineage

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian Singanallur ◽  
Phaedra Lydia Eblé ◽  
Anna Barbara Ludi ◽  
Bob Statham ◽  
Abdelghani Bin-Tarif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Potency Ratio ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Cross

The recent emergence and circulation of the A/ASIA/G-VII (A/G-VII) lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in the Middle East has resulted in the development of homologous vaccines to ensure susceptible animals are sufficiently protected against clinical disease. However, a second serotype A lineage called A/ASIA/Iran-05 (A/IRN/05) continues to circulate in the region and it is therefore imperative to ensure vaccine strains used will protect against both lineages. In addition, for FMDV vaccine banks that usually hold a limited number of strains, it is necessary to include strains with a broad antigenic coverage. To assess the cross protective ability of an A/G-VII emergency vaccine (formulated at 43 (95% CI 8–230) PD50/dose as determined during homologous challenge), we performed a heterologous potency test according to the European Pharmacopoeia design using a field isolate from the A/IRN/05 lineage as the challenge virus. The estimated heterologous potency in this study was 2.0 (95% CI 0.4–6.0) PD50/dose, which is below the minimum potency recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Furthermore, the cross-reactive antibody titres against the heterologous challenge virus were poor (≤log10 0.9), even in those cattle that had received the full dose of vaccine. The geometric mean r1-value was 0.2 (95% CI 0.03–0.8), similar to the potency ratio of 0.04 (95% CI 0.004–0.3). Vaccination decreased viraemia and virus excretion compared to the unvaccinated controls. Our results indicate that this A/G-VII vaccine does not provide sufficient protection against viruses belonging to the A/IRN/05 lineage and therefore the A/G-VII vaccine strain cannot replace the A/IRN/05 vaccine strain but could be considered an additional strain for use in vaccines and antigen banks.

scholarly journals Semantics, contrastive linguistics and parallel corpora

2014 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Violetta Koseska
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Automatic Annotation ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics

Semantics, contrastive linguistics and parallel corporaIn view of the ambiguity of the term “semantics”, the author shows the differences between the traditional lexical semantics and the contemporary semantics in the light of various semantic schools. She examines semantics differently in connection with contrastive studies where the description must necessary go from the meaning towards the linguistic form, whereas in traditional contrastive studies the description proceeded from the form towards the meaning. This requirement regarding theoretical contrastive studies necessitates construction of a semantic interlanguage, rather than only singling out universal semantic categories expressed with various language means. Such studies can be strongly supported by parallel corpora. However, in order to make them useful for linguists in manual and computer translations, as well as in the development of dictionaries, including online ones, we need not only formal, often automatic, annotation of texts, but also semantic annotation - which is unfortunately manual. In the article we focus on semantic annotation concerning time, aspect and quantification of names and predicates in the whole semantic structure of the sentence on the example of the “Polish-Bulgarian-Russian parallel corpus”.

scholarly journals Termini in der technischen Übersetzung: Rettungsanker, Tyrannen – oder auch nur Wörter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Oster
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Specific Study ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Technical Translation ◽  
Language Pair

The understanding of ‘term’ in traditional terminology theory reduces the lexical problems of technical translation to a mere substitution of the source-text term by a target-text term. In translation studies however , a number of issues have been highlighted which are not covered by traditional terminology theory, e.g. cultural specificity or the importance of textual and pragmatic considerations. This paper first analyses how the new communication and cognition-oriented approaches to terminology account for these aspects of technical translation. Then it briefly presents results of a language-pair and domain-specific study which allows us to exemplify some of the issues that have been discussed and to reach some specific conclusions for the translator of this linguistic combination.

Using the Europarl corpus for cross-linguistic research

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cartoni ◽  
Sandrine Zufferey ◽  
Thomas Meyer
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Comparable Corpora ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Multilingual Corpus

Europarl is a large multilingual corpus containing the minutes of the debates at the European Parliament. This article presents a method to extract different corpora from Europarl: monolingual and multilingual comparable corpora, as well as parallel corpora. Using state-of-the-art measures of homogeneity, we show that these corpora are very similar. In addition, we argue that they present many advantages for research in various fields of linguistics and translation studies, and we also discuss some of their limitations. We conclude by reviewing a number of previous studies that made use of these corpora, emphasizing in each case the possibilities offered by Europarl.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document