Ecologia da polinização da cactácea Arrojadoa rhodantha em caatinga hiperxerófila

Arrojadoa rhodantha is a widely distributed species in the Caatinga. Due to deforestation, however, their populations have suffered considerable reduction both in terms of distribution and abundance. We study the reproductive phenology, floral biology and pollination mechanism of A. rhodantha to provide information about the pollination ecology of this species. The study was conducted between August 2010 and July 2011, in a caatinga area, municipality of Petrolina, Permanbuco State, Brazil, with 15 individuals of A. rhodantha and a sampling effort of 35 h observing floral visitors. Stages of flowering and fruiting occurred throughout the year, with greater production of flowers and fruits in the rainy season. The flowers are magenta, opening at around 4:00 a.m. and closing at 11:00 p.m. They were visited by hummingbirds (3 species), bees (3), flies (1) and butterflies (1). Trigona spinipes, Friseomelitta doederleini and a Halictidae were the most common floral visitors (93.16% of total visits). The hummingbirds are considered potential pollinators of this cactus, but accounted for only 6.18% of total visits, and Eupetomena macroura was the most frequent species. Bees, flies and the butterflies Phoebis philea were classified as nectar/pollen thieves or pollen robbers. Arrojadoa rhodantha produced fruits only in natural conditions (55%) and by xenogamy (35.3%). Because of the continuous flowering and fruiting, this species can be considered as an important source of food for the fauna from the Caatinga, where there is seasonality in the availability of food sources.

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Polinização de Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) nos Afloramentos Rochosos do Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ: Um Caso de Melitofilia em Inselbergue do Brasil

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v5i1.164 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Fábio Castro Verçoza

Keyword(s):

Floral Biology ◽

Pollination Ecology ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Rock Outcrops ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

Rocky Outcrops ◽

And Behavior ◽

Effective Pollinator

Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre a fenologia reprodutiva, a biologia floral e a ecologia da polinização de Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) nos afloramentos rochosos do Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ. Uma população de dez indivíduos da espécie foi estudada nessa localidade no período de junho de 2006 a dezembro de 2008. Foram realizadas observações sobre período de floração, morfologia, cor e odor das flores, ocorrência e comportamento dos visitantes florais. A floração de V. candida ocorreu de setembro a dezembro nos dois anos consecutivos do estudo. As flores são brancas, nectaríferas e exalam odor suave e adocicado. Reúnem características típicas da síndrome da melitofilia e foram intensamente visitadas por três espécies de abelhas. Xylocopa ordinaria Smith se destacou como o polinizador efetivo da espécie estudada. Por ser uma abelha de grande porte e robusta, durante a coleta de néctar e de pólen, deposita este último no estigma, polinizando as flores. Pollination of Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) on Rock Outcrops of Costão de Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ: A Case of Mellitophily Inselberg BrazilAbstract. This paper presents data on the reproductive phenology, floral biology and pollination ecology of Vellozia candida Mikan (Velloziaceae) on rocky outcrops of Costão Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ. A population of ten individuals of the species was studied in this location from June 2006 to December 2008. Observations were made on flowering period, morphology, color and odor of flowers, the occurrence and behavior of floral visitors. The flowering of V. candida occurred from September to December in two successive years of study. The flowers are white, exude nectar and sweet odor. Meet typical syndrome melitophyly and were intensively visited by three species of bees. Xylocopa ordinaria Smith stood out as the effective pollinator of the species studied. Being a bee large and robust, while collecting nectar and pollen, the latter deposited on the stigma, pollinating the flowers.

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Reproductive biology of a highly endemic species: Cipocereus laniflorus N.P. Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae)

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062012000100023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juliana Ordones Rego ◽

Edivani Villaron Franceschinelli ◽

Daniela Cristina Zappi

Keyword(s):

Endemic Species ◽

Reproductive Strategies ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Pollination Syndrome ◽

Bat Pollination ◽

Internal Part ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

Trigona Fulviventris

Cipocereus laniflorus N.P. Taylor & Zappi is an endemic species from the Serra do Caraça, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In order to propose conservation strategies for this species, its reproductive strategies were investigated, including reproductive phenology, floral biology, floral visitors and breeding system. The flowering and fruiting period extends from May to October. Few flowers per plant open each night, producing up to 0.4 ml nectar, but 30% of them are nectarless. Probably pollen is also offered as a resource. Fruiting efficiency of C. laniflorus (47%) is close to that found in other Cactaceae species. Pollen of this species was detected in Anoura geoffroy, Soricina glossophaga and Pygoderma bilabiatum bats. Amongst the characteristics related to bat-pollination syndrome found in C. laniflorus, the cream-white colouring of the internal part of the flower, the numerous stamens and the nocturnal anthesis of short duration can be highlighted. Flowers of C. laniflorus are also visited by Nitidulidae beetles, Trigona fulviventris bees and hummingbirds, however bats are the main pollinators of this species. Finally, as a self-sterile species, C. laniflorus needs a pollinator and is more susceptible to the risk of extinction if local disturbances affect its pollination system.

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Morphoanatomy, floral biology and reproductive phenology of Cambuí (Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex willd.) O. Berg.)

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452021618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

Author(s):

José Dailson Silva de Oliveira ◽

Eurico Eduardo Pinto de Lemos ◽

Leila de Paula Rezende ◽

Everton Ferreira dos Santos ◽

Ricardo Barros Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollen Viability ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Reproductive Process ◽

Productive Potential ◽

Floral Visitors

Abstract Myrciaria floribunda is a species native to the restinga areas of the Atlantic Forest that presents great phenotypic variation in fruits, great socioeconomic importance in regions of natural occurrence and high productive potential. The characterization of heterogeneous populations is crucial for plant selection and breeding programs, since it allows the distinction of superior individuals. The aim of this study was to characterize the reproductive structure of M. floribunda accessions, and to observe the influence of climate and environment on its reproductive process, through floral biology, floral morphoanatomy and reproductive phenology. Apis mellifera and Trigona spinipes are the main floral visitors of cambuí. Stigma receptivity lasts up to 5 hours after flower opening and pollen viability was above 90%. Regarding the flower structure, the female sexual organ is monocarpic, the ovary is efferent, bilocular, with two ovules per locule, the inflorescence is fascicle-like and consists of small white flowers, actinomorph symmetry, heteroclamid and monoclines. Plants bloomed irregularly throughout the year, concentrating flowering in two periods of the year with the greatest peaks in March and August, while the greatest fruiting peaks were observed in April and September.

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Flowering, floral visitors and climatic drivers of reproductive phenology of two endangered magnolias from neotropical A ndean forests

Plant Species Biology ◽

10.1111/1442-1984.12351 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcela Serna‐González ◽

Ligia E. Urrego‐Giraldo ◽

Juan P. Santa‐Ceballos ◽

Hiroshi Suzuki‐Azuma

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Climatic Drivers ◽

Floral Visitors

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COMPORTAMENTO FENOLÓGICO DE Emmotum nitens (Benth.) Miers (METTENIUSACEAE) EM FRAGMENTO DE CERRADÃO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4667 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Patrícia Oliveira da Silva

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Fruit Maturation ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Circular Statistic ◽

Immature Fruit ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Continuous Reproduction ◽

Reproductive Events

Emmotum nitens é uma espécie bem conhecida em termos de florística e fitossociologia, entretanto, há poucos trabalhos que tratam-se de sua fenologia. Este estudo buscou avaliar a fenologia reprodutiva de uma população de E. nitens no Município de Rio Verde, Goiás. Observou-se mensalmente as fenofases reprodutivas (botão, antese, fruto imaturo e maduro) de 15 indivíduos. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se o método de Fournier e presença/ausência, e para analisar os mesmos utilizou-se a estatística circular e correlação com as variáveis meteorológicas (temperatura e precipitação). E. nitens produziu botões e flores de modo irregular ao longo do estudo, no entanto se correlacionaram positivamente com a temperatura. Durante todo estudo registrou-se frutos imaturos, embora as maiores concentrações ocorreram na transição do período seco-chuvoso e durante as chuvas, correlacionando-se positivamente com a precipitação. A maturação dos frutos iniciou-se no final da estação das chuvas, com maiores intensidades no período seco. Para E. nitens é mais vantajoso apresentar reprodução continua já que a mesma não é fortemente limitada pelas variáveis climáticas da área de estudo, do que seguir um padrão sazonal.Palavra-chave: fenologia, espécie de cerrado, eventos reprodutivos, correlação com metereologia. PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF EMMOTUM NITENS (BENTH.) MIERS (METTENIUSACEAE) ON CERRADÃO FRAGMENT ABSTRACT:Emmotum nitens is a well-known species in terms of floristic and phytosociology, however, there are few studies that deal with its phenology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive phenology of a population of E. nitens in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás. The reproductive phenomena (flower bud, anthesis, immature fruit and ripe fruit) were observed monthly in 15 individuals. Fournier method and presence/absence were used to collect the data, and to analyze them, the circular statistic and correlation with the meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation) were used. E. nitens produced flower bud and flowers irregularly throughout the study, however they correlated positively with temperature. During the whole study immature fruits were recorded, although the highest concentrations occurred in the transition from the dry-rainy season and during the rains, correlating positively with the precipitation. Fruit maturation began at the end of the rainy season, with higher intensities in the dry season. For E. nitens it is more advantageous to present continuous reproduction since it is not strongly limited by the climatic variables of the study area, rather than following a seasonal pattern.Keywords: phenology, species of cerrado, reproductive events, correlation with meteorology. DOI:

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ASSESSMENT OF POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITAT USE OF Podocnemis vogli (MÜLLER 1935) DURING A REPRODUCTIVE SEASON AT THE BOJONAWI PRIVATE NATURE RESERVE (VICHADA DEPARTMENT, COLOMBIA)

Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología ◽

10.22201/fc.25942158e.2020.2.139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Ana María Sepúlveda-Seguro ◽

Vivian Patricia Páez ◽

Marley Tatiana Gómez-Rincón ◽

Mónica A. Morales-Betancourt ◽

Carlos A. Lasso

Keyword(s):

Habitat Use ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Tail Length ◽

Reproductive Season ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Specific Class ◽

Sexual Characteristics ◽

Habitat Generalist

We conducted a short study in the Bojonawi Private Nature Reserve (Vichada department, Colombia) in three types of aquatic macrohabitats to characterize habitat use, population structure and reproductive phenology of Podocnemis vogli during one reproductive season. We also reevaluated the degree of sexual dimorphism in this species. To maximize capture rates, we used three methods: funnel traps, trammel nets, and manual capture. Only the funnel traps could be used in a standardized manner in all three macrohabitats. We captured 149 individuals in all age/size classes and obtained 11 recaptures. Since we were able to standardize sampling effort with the funnel traps in all macrohabitats, we compared habitat use and class structure among habitats during this reproductive season. There were no significant differences among the three macrohabitats in terms of relative abundances or size class distributions, but sex ratios differed, with an excess of males in the river and females in the lagoon. As with other congeners, P. vogli is a sexually dimorphic species where females attain larger sizes. In this study we documented that pre-cloacal tail length and nail length on the anterior third toe are the most useful secondary sexual characteristics for sexing subadult and adult individuals. Some females larger than 22 cm straight-line carapace length had calcified eggs in their oviducts. This species is abundant within the reserve and appears to be a habitat generalist, including the use of large rivers. More extensive and intensive monitoring is needed to document specific class survivorship rates, detectabilities and population dynamics.

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Producción de estructuras reproductivas y fenología reproductuva de cinco especies de compuestas en una comunidad xerófita

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1568 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Dulce María Figueroa-Castro ◽

Zenón Cano-Santana ◽

Edgar Camacho-Castillo

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Reproductive Period ◽

Dry Season ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Mature Fruit ◽

Reproductive Structures ◽

Open Site ◽

Fruit Stage

We studied the production of reproductive structures and the reproductive phenology of five Compositae species in a xeric community in Central Mexico: Eupatorium petiolare, Tagetes lunulata, Senecio praecox, Dahlia coccinea and Verbesina virgata. The last three species were studied in two sites with contrasting light conditions. The number of reproductive structures produced by D. coccinea was higher in the open site than in the shaded one. In contrast, S.praecox had a higher production in the shaded site, but V. virgata showed no differences. The reproductive phenology of V. virgata and D. coccinea was different between sites, but it was not happen in S. praecox. The species that flowered during the dry season had a shorter reproductive period (E. petiolare: 2.8 mo; S. praecox: 2.0 mo) than those that flowered during the rainy season or during the late rainy season (D. coccinea: 11.0 mo; T. lunulala: 8.5 mo; V. virgata: 8.5 mo) , which was caused by the high duration of the mature fruit stage in these species.

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Adaptive response of extreme epiphyte Tillandsia species (Bromeliaceae) is demonstrated by different sexual reproduction strategies in the Brazilian Chaco

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/boz104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 192 (4) ◽

pp. 840-854

Author(s):

Aline C Gomes ◽

Bruno H S Ferreira ◽

Camila S Souza ◽

Luan M M Arakaki ◽

Camila Aoki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breeding System ◽

Reproductive Strategies ◽

Extreme Environments ◽

Extreme Environment ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Reproduction Strategies ◽

Pollen Vectors ◽

Self Compatibility ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

Selection For

Abstract Some epiphytes are adapted to extreme environments with the ability to survive drought as a result of their morphological (xeromorphism), anatomical (foliar trichomes or scales) and physiological features. In contrast to vegetative features, they may have diverse sexual reproductive strategies. Here we compared the flowering morphology, floral biology, breeding system and pollinators of Tillandsia duratii, T. loliacea and T. recurvifolia (Bromeliaceae) adapted to an extreme environment, the Brazilian Chaco. Tillandsia duratii and T. recurvifolia flower for 5–6 months, whereas T. loliaceae flowers for 11 months, mainly in the dry season, with low to high flowering overlap between them. Although these species generally show similar flowering morphology, they differ in size, colour, odour and/or floral functionality, suggesting non-sharing of pollinators among them. Bimodal pollination occurs in T. duratii (bees, moths other than hawkmoths) and T. recurvifolia (butterflies, hummingbirds); in T. loliacea, we recorded no floral visitors. Tillandsia recurvifolia is self-incompatible, has flowers which approach herkogamy and protandry, and depends on pollen vectors for fruit set. The other two species show reverse herkogamy, autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility (mixed breeding system); therefore, pollinators are not required. The disparity in reproductive strategies among the three species suggests the possibility of selection for diverse modes of reproduction.

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Breeding biology and distyly in Palicourea rigida H. B. & K. (Rubiaceae) in the Cerrados of Central Brazil

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062010000300012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 686-696 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Adriana de Oliveira Machado ◽

Ana Palmira Silva ◽

Helder Consolaro ◽

Mariluza A. Granja e Barros ◽

Paulo Eugênio Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Nectar Production ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Palicourea Rigida ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

Compatible Pollen ◽

Incompatibility Reactions

Distyly is a floral polymorphism more common among the Rubiaceae than in any other angiosperm group. Palicourea rigida is a typically distylous species of the Rubiaceae widely distributed in the Brazilian Cerrados. This work aimed to study the floral biology and breeding system of P. rigida in order to verify if there wasasymmetry between floral morphs. The work was carried out at Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasília-DF, from 1993 to 1995; and at Serra Caldas Novas State Park-Goias and in Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia-Minas Gerais in 2005 and 2006. Density, height and pin/thrum ratio were assessed for flowering individuals in all areas. Plants were investigated for differences in floral morphology, nectar production, reproductive success and site of self incompatibility reactions. Blooming period was long and concentrated during the rains. Flowers were clearly distylous and with reciprocal herkogamy. They produced nectar and lasted for a single day. In spite of differences in density and height, populations were mostly isoplethic. Nectar production varied in volume and concentration but the differences could not be associated with floral morphs. The species is self-incompatible but reproductive success was always high and independent of floral morphs. There were differences in the site of incompatibility barriers between floral morphs, which were similar to those observed for other Rubiaceae. The main floral visitors and pollinators were the hummingbirds Colibri serrirostris and Eupetomena macroura. High fruit-set indicates that the pollinators transported enough compatible pollen grains between floral morphs, despite their territorial behavior.

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Reproductive phenology of sympatric taxa of Chamaecrista (Leguminosae) in Serra do Cipó, Brazil

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467499000954 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 463-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

João A. Madeira ◽

G. Wilson Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Seed Predation ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Selective Force ◽

Monthly Average ◽

Serra Do Cipó ◽

Mature Seeds

Reproductive phenology of 13 sympatric taxa of Chamaecrista in three sections was surveyed at Serra do Cipó, south-east Brazil. Mean abundance of flowers and fruits per plant and mean number of aborted, predated, and surviving seeds per fruit were estimated. Monthly average number of developed seeds per fruit multiplied by the monthly mean number of fruits per plant gave the monthly average number of seeds produced by a plant of each taxon. Five types of phenological behaviour were differentiated by cluster analyses according to the season during which each species produced most of its mature seeds. This behaviour was related to the taxonomic section to which the taxa belong, to plant architecture, to geographical range, to seed predation and to local climatic seasonality. Herbs were more affected by variation in rainfall than shrubs and trees. Two species did not show any clear seasonal behaviour. Widespread taxa produced most of their mature seeds in the rainy season or immediately after it, and all but one of the narrowly distributed species produced most of their mature seeds in the dry season or in the transition from dry to rainy season. Seed predation is probably not an important selective force affecting reproductive phenology of larger taxa, while the smaller taxa seemed too constrained by abiotic factors for biotic factors to influence their phenology significantly.

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