scholarly journals Changes in Epigaeic Ant Assemblage Structure in the Amazon during Successional Processes after Bauxite Mining

Sociobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 4973
Author(s):  
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes ◽  
Tate C. Lana ◽  
Carla R. Ribas ◽  
Jose Henrique Schoereder ◽  
Ricardo Solar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Ant Assemblages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Advanced Stages

Environmental impact studies often involve monitoring and using bioindicators to evaluate the restoration stage of impacted areas. We aimed to assess ant assemblages’ response to the ecological succession of previously disturbed areas in the Brazilian Amazon. We sampled epigeic ant assemblages in five bauxite mining areas, representing different restoration stages, and compared them with two pristine areas. We also compared trends in species richness at the same mine site investigated 14 years earlier. Ten pitfall traps and four Winkler samples of litter were taken along a 100-m transect in each area. We expected that ant species richness would increase with the amelioration in habitat condition (i.e., environmental surrogates of ecological succession, including litter depth, soil penetrability, the circumference of trees, the distance of trees to adjacent trees, and percentage of ground cover). We also compared the efficacy of both sampling methods. Due to more significant sampling effort, pitfall traps captured more ant species than Winkler sacks. However, Winkler samples’ addition allowed the collection of more cryptic species than by pitfall traps alone. We sampled a total of 129 ant species, with increases in ant species richness in more mature rehabilitation. Nevertheless, similarity analysis indicated a significant difference between ant assemblages of rehabilitated areas and pristine ones. Assemblages differed mainly by the presence of specialist and rare species, found only in pristine plots. Rehabilitated areas exhibited a significant increase in tree circumference as they reached more ecologically advanced stages, which contributed to increasing ant species richness. These trends and comparison with the earlier study indicate that although there are favorable increases in ant species richness, in terms of species composition, rehabilitated areas were far from achieving an ant assemblage composition or environmental status that closely resembles pristine areas.

scholarly journals Ant Assemblage Structure in a Secondary Tropical Dry Forest: The Role of Ecological Succession and Seasonality

Sociobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatianne Gizelle Marques ◽  
Mário Marcos Espírito-Santo ◽  
Frederico Siqueira Neves ◽  
José Henrique Schoereder
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Ant Assemblages ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Late Stages

This study identified the main biological mechanisms governing the diversity of ants on different ecological time scales. Ants were sampled in 15 plots distributed in early, intermediate and late stages of succession (five plots per stage) at the Parque Estadual da Mata Seca, Brazil. At each sample point, unbaited pitfall traps were installed in hypogaeic, epigaeic and arboreal strata. We collected 95 ant species from 26 genera and nine subfamilies. Our results indicated that there was an increase in species richness in advanced stages of succession. We also observed that ant assemblages were different among successional stages. For the arboreal and epigaeic strata, species richness did not change with succession progression, but species composition of these two strata differed among successional stages. Unlike to arboreal and epigaeic ants, hypogaiec ant species richness was higher in the intermediate and late stages of succession and the composition of hypogaeic ants differed among successional stages. Similarity between ant species foraging in arboreal and epigaeic strata decreases with succession progression and β-diversity was higher in advanced successional stages. Additionally, species richness was higher in the dry season, whereas the composition of ant assemblages did not change between seasons. A considerable fraction of the ant assemblage was found only in advanced stages of succession, demonstrating the importance of secondary habitats in maintaining biodiversity in dry forests.

Lichen fecundity on the Precambrian Shield: an alternative life history strategy approach

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 723-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Deduke ◽  
T. Booth ◽  
M.D. Piercey-Normore
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Saxicolous Lichens

Symbiotic interactions are widespread in nature, but the relationship between life history, fecundity, and habitat specificity has been underexplored. This study investigated the life history strategies of foliose saxicolous lichens relative to their surrounding communities. Macrolichens were collected from 39 transects in Manitoba and Ontario. Frequency and percentage of ground cover of macrolichens, environmental variables, and numbers of apothecia and ascospores were recorded. Lichen assemblages were characterized using species similarity in a cluster analysis and ordination methods and were defined into communities using analysis of variance of the biotic variables among assemblages. Lichen life history strategies were inferred from community features, lichen fecundity, and morphological features. The general linear model determined which environmental variables may have influenced fecundity. The 81 species of macrolichens present in three lichen communities differed in species richness, with low species richness in the open mossy rock community, moderate in the grassy rock community, and high in the treed rock community. Three foliose saxicolous lichens dominated particular communities, and the life history strategy was characterized as competitive for Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale, stress tolerant for Xanthoparmelia viriduloumbrina (Gyel.) Lendemer, and ruderal generalist for Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (Gyel.) Hale. The proportion of sexual and asexual reproductive propagules for macrolichens showed uniformity between communities despite a significant difference in species richness. The study provides insights into the ecology of saxicolous lichens growing in the boreal forest and a characterization of lichen communities, and it shows how morphologically similar lichens can exhibit different life history strategies.

scholarly journals Butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in an ecotone between two biodiversity hotspots in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déborah Soldati ◽  
Fernando Amaral da Silveira ◽  
André Roberto Melo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New Records ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Heterogeneous Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Butterfly Fauna ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

This paper investigates the butterfly fauna of the ‘Serra do Rola-Moça’ State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We evaluate i) the seasonal variation of species richness and composition; and ii) the variation in composition of the local butterfly assemblage among three sampling sites and between the dry and rainy seasons. Sampling was carried out monthly between November 2012 and October 2013, using entomological nets. After a total sampling effort of 504 net hours, 311 species were recorded, one of them endangered in Brazil, and eight probable new species. Furthermore, two species were new records for the region and seven considered endemic of the Cerrado. There was no significant difference in species richness between the dry and the rainy seasons, however the species composition varies significantly among sampling sites. Due to its special, heterogeneous environment, which is home to a rich butterfly fauna, its preservation is important for the conservation of the regional butterfly fauna.

scholarly journals Coleoptera of Genting Highland, Malaysia: species richness and diversity changes along the elevations

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
M. M. Musthafa ◽  
F. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The objective of this study was to measure beetle richness and diversity in Genting Highland at four major elevations (500 m, 1,000 m, 1,500 m and 1,800 m). Beetles were collected using light traps, malaise traps and pitfall traps. Altogether, 1,499 beetle samples representing 156 morphospecies were collected. Light trap and pitfall traps were more effective than Malaise trap. The 500 m elevation band displayed high species richness, abundance and diversity with all indices showing a decreasing pattern. The species accumulation curve displayed a progressive asymptote for all the altitudinal transects, showing the sampling effort was sufficient for this study. A long-term monitoring program of beetle diversity and distribution is useful to test abiotic factors that might influence biodiversity. This study also serves as a benchmark for further studies on this highly disturbed montane cloud forest in Peninsular Malaysia and will be useful to implement effective conservation management, particularly under the threat of climate change.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

scholarly journals Comparison of Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for FIGO2018 Stage IIIC1 Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kagabu ◽  
Takayuki Nagasawa ◽  
Shunsuke Tatsuki ◽  
Yasuko Fukagawa ◽  
Hidetoshi Tomabechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Radical Hysterectomy ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Advanced Stages

Background and Objectives: In October 2018, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) revised its classification of advanced stages of cervical cancer. The main points of the classification are as follows: stage IIIC is newly established; pelvic lymph node metastasis is stage IIIC1; and para-aortic lymph node metastasis is stage IIIC2. Currently, in Japan, radical hysterectomy is performed in advanced stages IA2 to IIB of FIGO2014, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is recommended for patients with positive lymph nodes. However, the efficacy of CCRT is not always satisfactory. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and postoperative CCRT in stage IIIC1 patients. Materials and Methods: Of the 40 patients who had undergone a radical hysterectomy at Iwate Medical University between January 2011 and December 2016 and were pathologically diagnosed as having positive pelvic lymph nodes, 21 patients in the adjuvant CT group and 19 patients in the postoperative CCRT group were compared. Results: The 5 year survival rates were 77.9% in the CT group and 74.7% in the CCRT group, with no significant difference. There was no significant difference in overall survival or progression-free survival between the two groups. There was no significant difference between CT and CCRT in postoperative adjuvant therapy in the new classification IIIC1 stage. Conclusions: The results of the prospective Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) 1082 study are pending, but the present results suggest that CT may be a treatment option in rural areas where radiotherapy facilities are limited.

scholarly journals Checklist of lizards of the Juruti, state of Pará, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Costa Prudente ◽  
Fernanda Magalhães ◽  
Alessandro Menks ◽  
João Fabrício De Melo Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

We present the first lizard species list for the municipality of Juruti, state of Pará, Brazil. The list was drawn up as a result of data obtained from specimens deposited in the Herpetological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi and from inventories conducted in 2008-2011. Sampling methods included pitfall traps with drift fences and time constrained searches. We considered the data collected by other researchers, incidental encounters and records of dead individuals on the road. We recorded 33 species, 26 genera and ten families. Norops tandai was the most abundant species. Compared with the other regions of Amazonia, the region of Juruti presented a large number of lizards. However, further studies with an increase in the sampling effort, could prove this area to be richer in lizards than that observed so far.

scholarly journals Colonization by benthic macroinvertebrates in two artificial substrate types of a Riparian Forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Borges dos Santos ◽  
Cyntia Goulart Côrrea Bruno ◽  
Jean Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inorganic Substrates ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Inorganic Substrate

Abstract: Aim To analyze the efficiency of organic and inorganic substrates in samples of benthic macroinvertebrates of riparian forests from the Cerrado. Specific objectives (i) characterize the ecological succession and taxonomic richness of benthic macroinvertebrates in stream affluent of a riparian forest; (ii) analyze the influence of seasonality on the colonization of macroinvertebrates; and (iii) determine the effect of the types of artificial substrates on the richness, composition and abundance of the benthic community. Methods Sampling was carried out in the rainy and dry seasons, and we installed in the watercourse two types of substrates: organic (leaf packs) and inorganic (bricks), organized in pairs. Six samples per season were done to verify colonization, succession, richness and abundance of benthic community. The substrates were carefully sorted and the organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Results The ecological succession was clearly observed, with the initial occurrence of Chironomidae and Baetidae (considered early colonizers), and a late occurrence of organisms such as Helotrephidae and Trichoptera (considered late colonizers). No significant difference was found in the richness and abundance among the studied seasons (rainy and dry), but the organic substrate was significantly higher than the inorganic substrate for these parameters. Conclusion Organic artificial substrates are more efficient in characterizing the community of benthic macroinvertebrates in the study area, because they are more similar to the conditions of the substrate found naturally in the environment.

scholarly journals The freshwater diaptomid copepod fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Diaptomidae) of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra with notes on distribution, species richness and ecology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir R. Kulkarni ◽  
Kalpana Pai
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Temporary Habitats ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Diaptomid Copepods ◽  
The Western Ghats

<p>The diversity of many invertebrate taxa from Western Ghats of Maharashtra remains unknown due to lack of systematic studies. We studied freshwater calanoid copepods from this region, and found eleven species of diaptomid copepods in 180 samples collected from 80 sites in the study area. Most of these are new records for this region. The observed fauna includes Oriental, Gondwanan, Palaearctic and Indian endemic taxa. Locality data for all the observed species, along with notes on some ecological aspects of the sampled sites are provided. Non-parametric estimates of species richness for the region suggested an overall adequacy of sampling effort, and probable missing out of some species from habitats with longer hydroperiod. Hydroperiod, depth, electrical conductivity, altitude, mean annual temperature and latitude largely influenced the distribution of species in the study area. Co-occurrences of species were overall rare but more common in temporary habitats. Assemblages of diaptomid copepods restricted to certain sites were identified. The importance of temporary habitats is discussed in the light of their species richness, faunal composition and the increasing anthropogenic pressures they face.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial pattern of riparian plants along stream order among mountain rivers in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Rong Sun ◽  
Xiaojie Luo ◽  
Xiangyu Meng ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Stream Order ◽  
River Continuum ◽  
Riparian Plants ◽  
Tree Species Richness ◽  
Riparian Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The streams in a watershed form a hierarchical network system. From the perspective of the river continuum, this classification system is the result of gradual increase in traffic. This study analyzed the riparian species richness, diversity and environmental factors along a six-order hierarchical mountain river in the Donghe watershed, China. A total of 34 sampling sites were sampled to study the spatial distribution of riparian plants among different stream orders. The results showed: Environmental factors among stream orders had significant differences. Among stream order, species richness showed remarkable differences. The species richness rose firstly and dropped afterwards except for tree species richness; tree species richness decreased while stream order increased. The same is true for shrub quadrat species richness. Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson dominance and Pielou uniformity showed significant difference among stream orders; Shannon-Wiener diversity rose firstly then dropped afterwards. For integrated environmental factors and community characteristics, we found the changes of stream orders had a significant impact on riparian habitats and riparian vegetation. Further analysis showed that riparian vegetation experienced different types and degrees of disturbance in different stream orders. This meant that a hierarchical management strategy should be applied to riparian vegetation management.

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