Diversity of Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Two Forest Sites from Kabylia of Djurdjura, Northern Algeria

The current study deals with the diversity of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Kabylia of Djurdjura. It has been carried out in two forest sites from the localities of Azeffoun and Assi-Youcef, Tizi Ouzou (northern Algeria). Two sampling methods were adopted: manual capture and pitfall traps. Various community metrics were used as key elements to assess ant biodiversity within the two study sites. They included the species richness, the relative abundance, the constancy, and the Shannon-Weaver and equitability indices. Our inventory allowed identifying 24 species belonging to 12 genera and three subfamilies, which are the Myrmicinae (58%), the Formicinae (34%), and the Dolichoderinae (08%). The highest species richness was registered for the two first subfamilies, while the subfamily Dolichoderinae dominated numerically. The Site of Azeffoun, which is more submitted to human activities, recorded higher values in the number of individuals, the species richness, and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. However, the difference between the two sites consisted mainly of the rare species, such as Crematogaster laestrygon, Goniomma sp. and Palagiolepis sp., which were present in the Azeffoun site. The local site conditions certainly have played a key role in ant species occurrence within the two study areas. Azeffoun is more disturbed than Assi-Youcef, resulting in the recruitment of much more rare and accidental species in the first site. In contrast, the rate of accessory to omnipresent species is substantially higher in Assi-Youcef, which recorded a high species evenness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the ant genus Formica in Kabylia of Djurdjura.

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Floristic composition and similarity of 15 hectares in Central Amazon, Brazil

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v59i4.33310 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1927-1938

Author(s):

Kátia Emidio da Silva ◽

Sebastião Venancio Martins ◽

Carlos Antonio Alvares Soares Ribeiro ◽

Nerilson Terra Santos ◽

Celso Paulo De Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Rare Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Terra Firme ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Forest Diversity ◽

Number Of Individuals

The Amazon region is one of the most diverse areas in the world. Research on high tropical forest diversity brings up relevant contributions to understand the mechanisms that result and support such diversity. In the present study we describe the species composition and diversity of 15 one-ha plots in the Amazonian terra firme dense forest in Brazil, and compare the floristic similarity of these plots with other nine one-ha plots. The 15 plots studied were randomly selected from permanent plots at the Embrapa Experimental site, Amazonas State in 2005. The diversity was analysed by using species richness and Shannon’s index, and by applying the Sorensen’s index for similarity and unweighted pair-group average (UPGMA) as clustering method. Mantel test was performed to study whether the differences in species composition between sites could be explained by the geographic distance between them. Overall, we identified 8 771 individuals, 264 species and 51 plant families. Most of the species were concentrated in few families and few had large number of individuals. Families presenting the highest species richness were Fabaceae (Faboideae: 22spp., Mimosoideae: 22spp.), Sapotaceae: 22spp., Lecythidaceae: 15 and Lauraceae: 13. Burseraceae had the largest number of individuals with 11.8% of the total. The ten most abundant species were: Protium hebetatum (1 037 individuals), Eschweilera coriacea (471), Licania oblongifolia (310), Pouteria minima (293), Ocotea cernua (258), Scleronema micranthum (197), Eschweilera collina (176), Licania apelata (172), Naucleopsis caloneura (170) and Psidium araca (152), which represented 36.5% of all individuals. Approximately 49% of species had up to ten individuals and 13% appeared only once in all sampled plots, showing a large occurrence of rare species. Our study area is on a forest presenting a high tree species diversity with Shannon’s diversity index of 4.49. The dendrogram showed two groups of plots with low similarity between them (less than 0.25), and the closer the plots were one to another, more similar in species composition (Mantel R=0.3627, p<0.01). The 15 plots in our study area share more than 50% of their species composition and represent the group of plots that have the shortest distance between each other. Overall, our results highlight the high local and regional heterogeneity of environments in terra firme forests, and the high occurrence of rare species, which should be considered in management and conservation programs in the Amazon rainforest, in order to maintain its structure on the long run.

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Field sampling methods for investigating forest-floor bryophytes: Microcoenose vs. random sampling

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs180422020i ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 589-598

Author(s):

Milos Ilic ◽

Ruzica Igic ◽

Mirjana Cuk ◽

Dragana Vukov

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Field Sampling ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Quadrat Size

Because of the high importance of bryophytes in forest ecosystems, it is necessary to develop standardized field sampling methodologies. The quadrat method is commonly used for bryophyte diversity and distribution pattern surveys. Quadrat size and the position of quadrats within the studied area have a significant influence on different analyses. The aim of the present study was to define the minimum quadrat size appropriate for sampling ground bryophytes in temperate beech forests, to compare two different field sampling methods for research on ground bryophytes, the random and microcoenose methods; and to test the adequacy of the microcoenose sampling method in temperate beech forests. Research was carried out on Fruska Gora mountain (Serbia) at four different sites. All sites contained temperate broadleaf forest vegetation, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, but also included various other tree species. Systematic sampling based on nested quadrats was used to determine the minimum sampling area. Random sampling was performed using 10 or 20 microplots (minimum area quadrat), randomly located within 10x10 m plots. Microcoenose sampling is a systematic sampling method based on the fact that every bryophyte fragment on the forest floor is a separate microcoenose. These methods were compared using the following criteria: species richness; Shannon?s diversity index and evenness measure; coverage of dominant species, and the time needed for sampling. The microcoenose sampling method has proven to be highly applicable in temperate beech forests in terms of species richness and diversity, in contrast to random sampling, which was not suitable for bryophyte flora with a patchy distribution.

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Pattern Diversity in a Eucalyptus Forest

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9730247 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DC Lewin ◽

WE Westman

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Spatial Patterning ◽

Sample Sizes ◽

Eucalyptus Forest ◽

Pattern Diversity ◽

Species Pattern ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Sessile Organisms

Pattern diversity is a measure of the degree of spatial intermingling of species in a community of sessile organisms, combining the effects of species richness and equitability with those due to spatial patterning. The pattern diversity index was computed for an Australian Eucalyptus forest and the results interpreted in the light of an earlier analysis of the pattern of component species. The pattern diversity index was found to be sensitive to the number of individuals sampled at each point, reflecting a dependence of the index on the scale of species pattern, and hence on the scale of sampling. Limitations of the method in relation to low sample sizes and to particularly diverse samples are also discussed.

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Community Structure of Gastropod in Seagrass on Intertidal Area in The Tongkeina Village of Manado City

JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX ◽

10.35800/jip.1.3.2013.2567 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Gladys L Saripantung ◽

Jan FWS Tamanampo ◽

Gaspar Manu

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Population Density ◽

Relative Density ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Intertidal Area ◽

Gastropod Species ◽

Relative Population ◽

Study Sites ◽

Index Value

ABSTRACT Gastropod community is one of the important components of the food chain in the seagrass beds. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of gastropods and to determine population density, relative population density, species diversity, dominance and species associations of gastropod community at three study sites in Tongkeina, Manado city. The study sites were Bahowo, Batu Meja and Rap-Rap. Data were collected by sampling methods using quadratic transect technique. The study was conducted from November to December 2012. Over all, 20 species of gastropods comprising 7 families in 4 orders were collected. Among all sites, the highest density of 35,64 individuals/m2 was found in Bahowo site and the lowest density of 14,84 individuals/m2 was found in Rap-Rap site. The highest relative density was found at Batu Meja site, shown by Columbella versicolor species with relative density of 55.9%. Diversity index ranged from 1,4786 (Batu Meja) – 1,9382 (Rap-Rap). Batu Meja site shown an index value of C = 0,35 which indicating that there is dominance by 2 species, i.e.Columbella vesicolor and Columbella rusticoides, in that site.Associations between gastropod species at all three locations formed either positive or zero association, whereas negative associations between gastropod populations were not found. Keywords : community structure, gastropods, seagrass, Tongkeina, Manado ABSTRAK Komunitas gastropoda merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam rantai makanan di padang lamun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis gastropoda dan mengetahui kepadatan populasi, kepadatan relative populasi, keanekaragaman spesies, dominasi dan asosiasi antar spesies gastropoda yang telah dilakukan pada tiga lokasi penelitian di kelurahan Tongkeina kota Manado. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metoda sampling yang menggunakan teknik transek kuadrat. Waktu penelitian pada bulan November sampai Desember 2012. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh 20 spesies gastropoda yang terdiri dari 7 famili dalam 4 ordo. Kepadatan tertinggi dari semua stasiun adalah Stasiun Bahowo yakni 35,64 ind/m2, Stasiun Rap-Rap adalah stasiun yang memiliki kepadatan terendah dari ketiga stasiun penelitian yakni 14,84 ind/m2. Kepadatan relative tertinggi terdapat di Stasiun 1 (Batu Meja) yaitu pada spesies Columbella versicolor dengan kepadatan relatif 55,9 %. Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar 1,4786 (Batu Meja)–1,9382 (Rap-Rap). Stasiun Batu Meja dengan nilai indeks C=0,35 menunjukan 2 spesies yang mendominasi yakni Columbella vesicolor dan Columbella rusticoides. Asosiasi antara spesies gastropoda di ketiga lokasi membentuk asosiasi positif dan asosiasi nol, sedangkan asosiasi negative antara populasi gastropoda tidak ditemukan. Kata kunci : struktur komunitas, gastropoda, lamun, Tongkeina, Manado

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Methodological adaptation for nematodes extration in forest soils of the southern Mata Atlântica

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800027 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 975-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas Moser ◽

Silja Frankenbach

Keyword(s):

Forest Soils ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Serra Do Mar ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Nematode Abundance ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Sites ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

The Town

The objective of this work was to clarify whether the method to extract nematodes from European soils is suitable for forest soils and litter in the eastern of Paraná state, Brazil, and whether nematode abundance differs between sites with different ecosystems and levels of human interference. The study sites were situated in the coastal area of the Serra do Mar, near the town of Antonina, in Eastern Paraná, Brazil. Cobb's sieving and decanting method was more appropriate than ISO method, since extraction efficiency was higher and intra-sample variability was significantly lower. In order to achieve an extraction efficiency higher than 90%, Cobb's method was modified. For the extraction of nematodes from litter, the Baermann funnel, with an extraction time of 48 hours, yielded an extraction efficiency higher than 90%. Nematode abundance in litter was higher than in soil. The mean number of individuals extracted from the litter increased with the age stage of the forest sites sampled, and there was no difference in the number of individuals in the soil of the four forest sites. Mean nematode abundance in soil in banana plantations was about twice as high compared to the banana-palmito mixed stands and to the forest sites.

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Understory Vegetative Diversity of Post-Thinned Pine Plantations Treated with Fertilizer, Fire and Herbicide in East Texas

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2009/572480 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brian P. Oswald ◽

Betsy Ott ◽

Hans M. Williams ◽

Kenneth W. Farrish ◽

James E. Van Kley

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Prescribed Burning ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

Percent Cover ◽

East Texas ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Management Tools ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Number Of Individuals

This study assessed biodiversity in the understory of two pine plantations where different management tools (fertilizer, prescribed burning, and herbicide application) were utilized. During three growing seasons, species, percent cover, and number of individuals, and physical characteristics were recorded. Responses to treatment were examined based on comparison of species richness, evenness, diversity, and importance. Two years after treatment, fertilized plots showed a decline in species richness, evenness, and diversity. Prescribed burning and herbicide treatments increased species richness but decreased species evenness, resulting in no change in diversity index. Herbicide treatment reduced the importance of dominant shrubs and increased the importance of disturbance-adapted species.

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Short Communication: The species diversity and composition of roadside trees in five cities in Sumatra, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d190503 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 1615-1621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

WIRYONO . ◽

YANSEN . ◽

ADITYA . ◽

DAVID JUARA LAMHOT ◽

JURIAH HUTAHAEAN

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Introduced Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Short Communication ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Aesthetic Values

Wiryono, Yansen, Aditya, Lamhot DJ, Hutahaean J. 2018. Short Communication: The species diversity and composition ofroadside trees in five cities in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1615-1621. Roadside trees make living in a city more enjoyable dueto their aesthetic values and ecosystem services. The ecological benefits of roadside trees may be enhanced by increasing the speciesdiversity and the proportion of native species. The objective of this study was to know the species diversity and composition of roadsidetrees in the cities of Palembang, Bengkulu, Curup, Pematang Siantar and Argamakmur, in Sumatra Island, Indonesia, varying in size andaltitude. Data of trees were collected from selected streets and analyzed to determine the species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener index ofdiversity (Hʹ) and Ellenberg index of community similarity (ISE). The results showed that the species richness in a city ranged from 7 to26, with the diversity index between 1.05 and 2.08. The large and medium cities had higher S and Hʹ. More introduced species werefound, both in number of species and number of individuals, than the native ones. The similarity among cities in species compositionranged from 47 to 82%. Overall, Swietenia macrophylla, an introduced species, was the most abundant species. The S and Hʹ values ofall cities were considered low and the composition of tree species did not support the conservation of native species. It is, therefore,essential to increase the species diversity of street trees, especially by planting native species.

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Macrofungi of the altitudinal gradient, Northern Rocky Mountains

10.15788/8101 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

◽

John Keck ◽

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Standing Crop ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Elevational Gradient ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Subalpine Fir ◽

Rocky Mountain Region ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Study Sites

Macrofungal communities of four altitudinal zones of the Northern Rocky Mountain region are described and compared with respect to species richness, production (g/100m2/yr), functional structure (mycorrhizal vs. decomposer), seasonality of activity and relationship to temperature and rainfall. Two study sites of 100m2 were established in grasslands, Douglas-fir forest, subalpine fir (spruce-fir) forest and in the alpine. Each study site was visited fortnightly during the collecting season (May-September) in 1997 and 1998, monthly in 1999, with a limited number of trips to the alpine. All fungal sporocarps were collected, dried, weighed, and identified to species when possible. Soil moisture and soil temperature readings were taken at each visit during 1997 and 1998. Species richness varied with the elevational gradient from three species collected in grasslands, 60 species collected in Douglas-fir forests, 61 species collected in subalpine fir forests, and zero species collected in the alpine. Sixty-five species (out of 100 total species) fruited only during the wettest year of the study, 1997. Standing crop estimates ranged from 0.0002 to 0.005 g/100m2 in grassland, 0.01 to 2.16 g/100m2 in Douglas-fir forests, 0.04 to 1.63 g/100m2 in subalpine fir (spruce-fir forests) and no sporocarps were collected in the alpine. Standing crop was greatest in the grassland and forest sites in the wettest year, 1997. Species richness and production peaked earlier in the Douglas-fir forests (June), than in subalpine fir forests (August and September). With the majority of fungal species in the study fruiting only in the wettest year (1997), one might conclude that collecting sporocarps in a wet year provides a better indication of species richness than collecting in several typical (dry) years. The 100m2 plot size used in this study may bias for the sampling of saprophytic species, and may under-sample the more patchily distributed mycorrhizal species.

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Underwater video surveys provide a more complete picture of littoral fish populations than seine samples in clear Florida springs

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf18288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 1178

Author(s):

Kirsten Work ◽

Coramarie Jifu Jennings

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Water Clarity ◽

Fish Abundance ◽

Video Assessment ◽

Species Richness And Diversity ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Better Than

Traditional fish-sampling methods may be problematic because of public use or safety concerns. In this study, we compared one common sampling method with video assessment of fish abundance and diversity in three springs that differed in water clarity and structure. At each of four or five sites per spring, we placed one GoPro camera on each bank for 12min and followed the filming with seine sampling. On the video, we counted the maximum number of individuals of each species observed within one frame (MaxN) and summed these counts to produce an estimate of fish abundance (SumMaxN). Then we compared abundance (SumMaxN), species richness and diversity between seine and video samples across all three springs. Video produced higher estimates of abundance (SumMaxN), species richness, and diversity than did seine sampling. However, this effect was largely confined to species richness and diversity differences between sample methods in the structurally complex spring; differences were subtle or non-existent in the low-structure spring and in the turbid spring. In all three springs, video captured relatively more centrarchids; these taxa were captured only rarely in seine samples. Therefore, video sampling performed as well or better than did seine sampling for fish-assemblage assessment in these clear springs.

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Termite Diversity in Ecuador: A Comparison of Two Primary Forest National Parks

Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.1093/jisesa/iez129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cecilia A L Dahlsjö ◽

Cynthia S Valladares Romero ◽

Carlos-Iván Espinosa Iñiguez

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

National Parks ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Comparable Data ◽

Termite Species ◽

Feeding Group ◽

Forest Sites ◽

The Difference ◽

Termite Ecology ◽

Group Diversity

Abstract Termites are one of the key ecosystem engineers in tropical forests where they play a major role in decomposition rates, both above and belowground. The interest in termite ecology and biogeography has increased in the last few decades; however, the lack of comparable data has limited the wider impact of termite research. For Ecuador, termite studies are relatively rare and comparable data that are collected using standardized sampling methods are missing. In this study, we aim to 1) provide comparable data of termite species and feeding-group diversity from two primary forests in Ecuador and 2) explore the differences in termite species and feeding-group diversity between the two forest sites. Sampling took place in the national parks of Yasuní and Podocarpus where three belt transects (100 × 2 m) following Jones and Eggleton (2000) were conducted in each forest. We found that termite species richness was higher in Yasuní (56 species) than in Podocarpus (24 species) and that 57% of the sampled termite genera had never previously been recorded in Ecuador. The inter-site species dissimilarity was almost complete (Bray Curtis (±SD), 0.91 ± 0.01), which may have been linked to the difference in tree density and species richness in the two forests. Termite feeding-groups diversity was significantly higher in Yasuní than in Podocarpus with the exception of soil-feeding termites which may have been due to competition between humus- and soil-feeding species.

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