Analysis and Safety Assessment of Antioxidants Migrated from Polyethylene and Polypropylene Food Packaging Materials into Food Simulants

Abstract Biopolymers based on polylactic acid (PLA) and starch have numerous advantages, such as coming from renewable sources or being compostable, though they can have deficiencies in mechanical properties, and for this reason, polyester resins are occasionally added to them in order to improve their properties. In this work, migration from a PLA sample and from another starch-based biopolymer to three different food simulants was studied. Attention was focused on the determination of oligomers. The analysis was first performed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF–MS), which allowed the identification of the oligomers present in migration. Then, the samples were analyzed by two ambient desorption/ionization techniques directly coupled to mass spectrometry (ADI), direct analysis in real-time coupled to standardized voltage and pressure (DART-MS) and atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP-MS). These methodologies were able to detect simultaneously the main oligomers migrants and their adducts in a very rapid and effective way. Nineteen different polyester oligomers, fourteen linear and five cyclic, composed of different combinations of adipic acid [AA], propylene glycol [PG], dipropylene glycol [DPG], 2,2-dibutyl-1,3-propanediol [DBPG], or isobutanol [i-BuOH] were detected in migration samples from PLA. In migration samples from starch-based biopolymer, fourteen oligomers from poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) polyester (PBAT) were identified, twelve cyclic and two linear. The results from ADI techniques showed that they are a very promising alternative tool to assess the safety and legal compliance of food packaging materials. Graphical abstract

Download Full-text

Effect of Electron Beam and Gamma Radiation on the Migration of Plasticizers from Flexible Food Packaging Materials into Foods and Food Simulants

ACS Symposium Series - Irradiation of Food and Packaging ◽

10.1021/bk-2004-0875.ch018 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 290-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Antonios E. Goulas ◽

Kyriakos A. Riganakos ◽

Michael G. Kontominas

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Food Packaging Materials ◽

Food Simulants

Download Full-text

Safety Assessment of Food-Packaging Materials

international Food Safety handbook ◽

10.1201/9780203750346-17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 273-285

Author(s):

Susan M. Barlow

Keyword(s):

Safety Assessment ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Food Packaging Materials

Download Full-text

Study of the Migration of Photoinitiators Used in Printed Food-Packaging Materials into Food Simulants

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf8035758 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (20) ◽

pp. 9516-9523 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Ana Sanches-Silva ◽

Catarina Andre ◽

Isabel Castanheira ◽

José Manuel Cruz ◽

Sarah Pastorelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Food Packaging Materials ◽

Food Simulants

Download Full-text

Migration of Toxic Metals from Ceramic Food Packaging Materials into Acid Food Simulants

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/759018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhanhua Dong ◽

Lixin Lu ◽

Zhigang Liu ◽

Yali Tang ◽

Jun Wang

Keyword(s):

Toxic Metals ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Ph Value ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Incongruent Dissolution ◽

Food Packaging Materials ◽

Food Simulants ◽

Term Extraction ◽

Cobalt Nickel

Long-term extraction experiments were carried out on glazed tile specimens with 4 and 10% (v/v) acetic acid, 1% (w/v) citric acid, and 1% (v/v) lactic acid solution in three temperature conditions (20, 40, and 60°C) to investigate the effect of temperature and pH value on extraction of lead, cobalt, nickel, and zinc from ceramic food packaging materials and to study the extraction kinetics of toxic metals. Results showed that except at 60°C the amount of extraction of lead, cobalt, nickel, and zinc had linear dependence on time at longer times and removal of these toxic metals under other conditions increased linearly with the square root of the time, indicating a diffusion-controlled process. The amount of these toxic metals leached out from ceramic food packaging materials into the leachate, and the leaching rate increased with temperature and decreased with pH value of the food simulants. In addition, among these four toxic metals lead was the least leachable element, and nickel was the most leachable one. Disagreement between the ratios of the oxide of lead, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in the glaze and their release in the leachate suggested that extraction of these toxic metals was an incongruent dissolution process.

Download Full-text

A Review of the Applications and Biodegradation of Polyhy-droxyalkanoates and Poly(lactic acid) and Its Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13101544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1544

Author(s):

Jet Yin Boey ◽

Lydia Mohamad ◽

Yong Sen Khok ◽

Guan Seng Tay ◽

Siti Baidurah

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

The Past ◽

Food Packaging Materials ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Available Information ◽

Potential Food

Overconsumption of plastic goods and improper handling of petroleum-derived plastic waste have brought a plethora of negative impacts to the environment, ecosystem and human health due to its recalcitrance to degradation. These drawbacks become the main driving force behind finding biopolymers with the degradable properties. With the advancement in biopolymer research, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and poly(lacyic acid) (PLA) and its composites have been alluded to as a potential alternative to replace the petrochemical counterpart. This review highlights the current synthesis process and application of PHAs and PLA and its composites for food packaging materials and coatings. These biopolymers can be further ameliorated to enhance their applicability and are discussed by including the current commercially available packaging products. Factors influencing biodegradation are outlined in the latter part of this review. The main aim of this review article is to organize the scattered available information on various aspects of PHAs and PLA, and its composites for packaging application purposes. It is evident from a literature survey of about 140 recently published papers from the past 15 years that PLA and PHA show excellent physical properties as potential food packaging materials.

Download Full-text