scholarly journals European semester–spring package: recommendations for Poland on the socio-economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 340-350
Author(s):  
Maciej Serowaniec
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Member States ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Package Recommendations ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

Extraordinary circumstances, and the COVID-19 outbreak undoubtedly meets this criterion, therefore require extraordinary solutions, including in the EU and national decision-making process to prevent their escalation. Out of concern for the stability of the economic systems of European Union Member States, it has become necessary to introduce procedures to effectively counteract the effects of COVID-19, including in the area of economic activity. An important role in monitoring these initiatives is now played by the European Semester procedure, which allows Member States to discuss their policies, exchange best practices and agree on joint actions for the future to counteract the effects of COVID-19. This paper aims to present the recommendations for Poland, which were formulated in the framework of the 2020 Spring European Semester.

Political aspects of security of the European Union Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kusztykiewicz-Fedurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Security ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

Political security is very often considered through the prism of individual states. In the scholar literature in-depth analyses of this kind of security are rarely encountered in the context of international entities that these countries integrate. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to key aspects of political security in the European Union (EU) Member States. The EU as a supranational organisation, gathering Member States first, ensures the stability of the EU as a whole, and secondly, it ensures that Member States respect common values and principles. Additionally, the EU institutions focus on ensuring the proper functioning of the Eurozone (also called officially “euro area” in EU regulations). Actions that may have a negative impact on the level of the EU’s political security include the boycott of establishing new institutions conducive to the peaceful coexistence and development of states. These threats seem to have a significant impact on the situation in the EU in the face of the proposed (and not accepted by Member States not belonging to the Eurogroup) Eurozone reforms concerning, inter alia, appointment of the Minister of Economy and Finance and the creation of a new institution - the European Monetary Fund.

scholarly journals Competition Law and State Aid for Failing Banks in the EU and its Specific Implications for CEE Member States

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Virág Blazsek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Competition Authority ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bank Bailouts ◽  
The Eu

The bank bailouts following the global financial crisis of 2008 have been subject to prior approval of the European Commission (EC), the competition authority of the European Union. The EC was reluctant to reject rescue efforts directed at failing banks and so it consistently approved all such requests submitted by Member States. Out of the top twenty European banks, the EC authorized State aid to at least twelve entities. In this context, the paper outlines the gradually changing interpretation of EU State aid rules, the “temporary and extraordinary rules” introduced starting from late 2008, and the extension of the “no-State aid” category. The above shifts show that the EC itself deflected from relevant EU laws in order to systemically rescue important banks in Europe and restore their financial stability. The paper argues that bank bailouts and bank rescue packages by the State have led to different effects on market structures and consumer welfare in the Eurozone and non-Eurozone areas, mostly the Eastern segments of the European Union. As such, it is argued that they are inconsistent with the European common market. Although the EC tried to minimize the distortion of competition created as a result of the aforementioned case law primarily through the application of the principle of exceptionality and different compensation measures, these efforts have been at least partially unsuccessful. Massive State aid packages, the preferential treatment of the largest, or systemically important, banks through EU State aid mechanisms – almost none of which are Central and Eastern European (CEE) – may have led to the distortion of competition on the common market. That is so mainly because of the prioritization of the stability of the financial sector and the Euro. The paper argues that State aid for failing banks may have had important positive effects in the short run, such as the promotion of the stability of the banking system and the Euro. In the longrun however, it has contributed to the unprecedented sovereign indebtedness in Europe, and contributed to an increased economic and political instability of the EU, particularly in its most vulnerable CEE segment.

scholarly journals Russian-German initiative tackles infectious diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Member State ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Transnational Cooperation ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

Transnational cooperation is often essential when dealing with infectious diseases, and one challenge facing European Union Member States is finding ways to collaborate with partners outside the EU. An example of one Member State doing just this is the Koch-Metschnikow-Forum (KMF).

18. The Europeanization of National Economies?

2020 ◽  
pp. 422-451
Author(s):  
Vivien A. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Post War ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the impact of Europeanization upon the national economies of European Union member states. It considers how successful the EU has been in promoting its goal of building a single European economy out of the diverse national economies of its member states; how much convergence has occurred among EU member states, and how much divergence remains; and what impact the economic crisis beginning in 2008 has had on the EU and its member states. To answer these questions, the chapter traces the development of Europe’s national economies from the post-war period until today. It also analyses the impact of globalization and Europeanization on post-war varieties of capitalism before concluding with reflections on future patterns of political economic development in the EU in light of the economic crisis.

Comparison of Regulatory Requirements for Pharmaceuticals in Non- European Union Member States Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Shivani Jani ◽  
Nilesh Patel ◽  
Urvi Chotaliya ◽  
Ashok Patel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Member States ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

Background: Literature review suggested that regulatory guidelines should be harmonized for better processing of applications and for the upliftment of the regulatory field. Therefore it was thought worthwhile to compare the guidelines for countries where there is requirement of harmonization. Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia were selected because of being European countries and still they are not a part of EU. Introduction: Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia are small countries of Europe but they are not members of European Union. They have their own guidelines for the submission of MAA for marketing of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. They are trying to obtain the EU membership and therefore it was worthwhile to compare the guidelines of these countries. Method: The registration process of pharmaceuticals in Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia was studied throughly. Along with it, the guidelines for European Union were also studied. A comparison of guidelines of all the three countries with the guidelines of European Union for pharmaceuticals was carried out. Result: The comparison of guidelines showed that there are still some changes needed in the guidelines of Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia before they can merge with the guidelines of European Union. Some of the points in the guidelines are very different from the guidelines of EU. Conclusion: So it was worthwile to study the regulatory requirements of pharmaceuticals in Non- European Union Member States Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia.

scholarly journals The formation of interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine and the European Union member states in the digital economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Lyashenko ◽  
Iryna Pidorycheva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

By signing the Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine, Ukraine has demonstrated its intention and willingness to integrate into the system of formal institutions of the EU, to adopt the EU rules, norms, and practices, which will enable Ukraine to achieve significant economic benefits. One of those benefits is the opportunity to build a true scientific-educational and innovative partnership with the EU Member States within the European Research Area. This study considers opportunities and perspectives of creating an interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine as an associated country and the European Union Member States taking into account key priorities of the ERA and rapidly growing impact of digital technologies. Particular attention has been given to the establishment of a common Polish-Ukrainian scientific-educational space which could be complemented by the entrepreneurial component. The article has identified opportunities, existing prerequisites, directions, and priorities for building Polish-Ukrainian spaces. It has also defined the challenges of formation the European interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces as a whole. It has been suggested to develop hereinafter an interstate and cross-border high-tech clusters based on the interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces. The scheme and the main steps of formation a cross-border cluster of nano- and biotechnologies are proposed.

Wartości czy interesy? Przyczynek do rozważań o istocie procesów integracji w ramach Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-115
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Szczerba-Zawada
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
International Organization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Common Values ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this article is to try to outline the essence of membership of the European Union. This international organization, by virtue of the decision of its creators, i.e. the Member States, has been equipped with attributes, which have determined its unique – supranational – character. As a new legal order, the European Union has been granted some scope of autonomy, but ontologically it is dependent on the Member States. It is the Member States that have taken decision on setting up a new integration structure with a center of decision-making located not only outside but also above them, the scope of its competences and instruments of their exercising, and as “masters of the Treaties”, may decide to dissolve it. The decision to join the European Union seems to be determined pragmatically and praxiologically – upon benefits of cooperation within the framework of the EU. In this perspective solidarity, understood as the unity and equality of the Member States, based on common values, becomes a factor legitimizing the EU, and at the same time – a guarantor of its existence, especially in times of crisis.

The (Rebuttable) Presumption of the European Union Member States as ‘Safe Countries’ under the Dublin Regulation

2012 ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Cristina Contartese
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Court ◽  
Dublin Regulation ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze a particular aspect of the so-called Dublin Regulation, whose aim is to determine the European Union (EU) Member State responsible for examining an asylum application, that is, the presumption that the EU Member States are “safe countries.” Although the notion of “safe country” is on the base of the Dublin Regulation functioning mechanism, as it implies that any EU Member States can transfer an asylum seeker to any other EU country which is responsible, the authors contend that the safety of an EU Member State can be given as presumed for the purpose of asylum seekers. The analysis of the present work starts, firstly, with the examination of the notion of “safe country” under the Dublin Regulation. In the second part, relying on the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECHR) case-law, it will be discussed to what extent the Court of Strasbourg clarifies the notion of “safe countries” and the test it applies to it. Finally, the Commission’s proposal for a recasting of the Dublin Regulation will be analysed with the aim of foresee possible future developments of the EU law mechanisms to rebut such a presumption as applied to the EU Member States. It will emerge that in order to assess the safety of an EU Member State, attention has to be given to the prohibition of both direct and indirect refoulement as well as to the effective remedy at the EU Member State’s domestic level.

scholarly journals REVISION OF THE PACKAGE TRAVEL DIRECTIVE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CROATIAN TOURSIM LAW

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Travel Services ◽  
Package Travel ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Eu

The paper explores normative substance of the new Package Travel Directive (2015/2302/EU) and its influence on the Croatian Tourism Law. The new Directive was adopted on 25 November 2015, European Union Member States had to transpose it by 1 January 2018 and it is applicable from 1 July 2018. Internet as increasingly important medium for travel services resulted in surge of various forms of customized travel arrangements and rendered provisions of the old Directive obsolete to the needs modern tourist market. Although 23% of EU travellers still purchase traditional, pre-arranged packages, more and more either buy different parts of their trips separately or buy customized holidays, which are put together by one or more commercially linked traders to suit their needs and preferences. Vast majority of travellers buying packages and linked travel arrangements are consumers within the meaning of the EU Consumer Protection Law. Thus, new Package Travel Directive should result in the enhancement of the consumer protection. New legislation will extend protection of the of the 1990 EU Package Travel Directive to cover not only traditional package holidays, but also give clear protection to 120 million consumers who book other forms of combined travel. Scope of the new Package Travel Directive is substantially wider than the scope of the old Directive. The new Package Travel Directive applies to packages offered for sale or sold by traders to travellers and to linked travel arrangements facilitated by traders for travellers. The new Directive broadens the concept of package and now will apply to different sorts of travel combinations: pre-arranged packages; customised packages and linked travel arrangements. This paper elaborates on normative and substantive influence of the new Directive in Croatian Tourism Law. Following comparative legal overview current Croatian legislation of package travel including applicable sections of the Civil Obligations Act will be inspected.

scholarly journals Law Enforcement Cooperation of the Member States of the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Natalia Mushak ◽  
Anastasiia Zaporozhets
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
External Action ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of law enforcement cooperation of the European Union Member States. The main bodiesresponsible for cooperation in the EU have been identified.It has been determined that the main instrument of police cooperation is the European Police Office, which is a central elementof the wider European internal security architecture. CEPOL has been proven to be the agency that develops, implements and coordinatestraining for law enforcement officers. The EU Analytical Intelligence Centre (EU INTCEN) is not, strictly speaking, a policecooperation body, as it is the Directorate for European External Action Service (EEAS) and deals only with strategic analysis. On theStanding Committee to ensure the development and strengthening of operational cooperation on internal security matters within theUnion (COSI), it promotes coordination among the competent authorities of the member states.

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