scholarly journals Liquefaction Assessment Using the CPT and Accounting for Soil Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Bambang Setiawan ◽  
Mark Jaksa

Due to its continuous data recording capability, excellent repeatability and accuracy, relatively low cost and simplicity of operation, the cone penetration test (CPT) offers enhanced liquefaction assessment over its predecessor the standard penetration test (SPT). However, soil ageing, which influences the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), is difficult, if not impossible, to be detected by the CPT due to disturbance during the test. This situation may lead to excessively conservative estimation of CRR values which result in conservative assessment of liquefaction potential. This paper presents and discusses liquefaction assessment using the CPT and methods for accounting for soil ageing. A field study, conducted at Gillman, South Australia, is presented and the study site is assessed for liquefaction potential. This paper also explores the influence of soil ageing on the subsequent liquefaction assessment.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Nicky Fernando ◽  
Aniek Prihatiningsih

Likuifaksi merupakan fenomena dimana kekuatan tahanan tanah berkurang karena meningkatnya tegangan air pori saat gempa bumi berlangsung. Likuifaksi dibagi menjadi dua tipe berdasarkan proses kejadiannya yaitu flow liquefaction dan cyclic mobility. Hal pertama dalam analisis potensi likuifaksi adalah pemeriksaan kerentanan likuifaksi dari karakteristik tanah. Pemeriksaan kerentanan menggunakan empat metode yaitu Chinese criteria, metode Seed et al. dan metode Bray dan Sancio. Jika tanah menunjukan rentan terhadap likuifaksi, perhitungan evaluasi dapat dilanjutkan jika tidak maka perhitungan tidak dilanjutkan. Setelah menentukan kerentanan, tanah yang rentan likuifaksi akan ditentukan tipe likuifaksi menggunakan state criteria. Penentuan tipe likuifaksi dapat dilihat dari grafik hubungan deviatoric stress (q), mean effective stress (p’) dan axial strain (εa). Evaluasi potensi likuifaksi menggunakan metode cyclic strain approach. Metode ini menggunakan dua variabel yaitu cyclic stress ratio (CSR) dan cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) yang dapat ditentukan dari data tes lapangan untuk menentukan potensi likuifaksi setiap lapisan tanah. Tes lapangan yang digunakan adalah standard penetration test (SPT) dan cone penetration test (CPT). Penelitian ini menganalisa potensi cyclic mobility pada tanah kohesif serta faktor keamanan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tipe likuifaksi yang terjadi adalah cyclic mobility dan adanya potensi likuifaksi pada tanah kohesif.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Gea Nurbani ◽  
Yuki Achmad Yakin

ABSTRAKPada hari Minggu, 5 Agustus 2018 pukul 19:46 WITA, gempa bumi mengguncang wilayah Labuan, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat dengan skala magnitudo M7,0. Akibat guncangan tersebut, terjadi peristiwa likuefaksi di sebagian wilayah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dan menimbulkan kerusakan yang signifikan. Peristiwa likuefaksi dapat terjadi apabila mengalami peningkatan tekanan air pori yang dipicu oleh gempa bumi sehingga mengakibatkan tanah kehilangan kekakuan dan kuat geser tanah. Likuefaksi pada umumnya terjadi pada tanah pasir lepas dengan kondisi jenuh air. Dalam menganalisis potensi terjadinya likuefaksi di lokasi penelitian, digunakan nilai percepatan puncak di batuan dasar (PGA) sebesar 4,13 m/s2dan menggunakan data tanah hasil pengujian Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Hasil perbandingan antara ketahanan tanah atau Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) dengan kemampuan tanah terlikuefaksi atau Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) menunjukkan bahwa likuefaksi terjadi pada rata-rata kedalaman 5,5 m – 19.5 m.Kata kunci: likuefaksi, cyclic stress ratio (CSR), cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), faktor keamanan (FK) ABSTRACTOn Sunday, August 5 2018 at 19:46 WITA, an earthquake has shook Labuan, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara with magnitude 7.0 scale. As a result of the earthquake, liquefaction occurred in several regions of West Nusa Tenggara and caused severe damage. Liquefaction can occure when an increase in pore water pressure is triggered by an earthquake, which causes the soil losing its shear strength and stiffness. Liquefaction mostly occured in sand loose and saturated condition. Analysis of liquefaction based on Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at the research site 4.13 m/s2 were done according to the data of SPT (Standard Penetration Test). By comparing the value of soil resistance to liquefaction or Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) and the ability of soil to be liquefied or Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR), the analysis shows the soil in that area are liquefied at depth of 5.5 m – 19.5 m.Keywords: liquefaction, cyclic stress ratio (CSR), cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), safety of factor (SF)


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guangyin Du ◽  
Changhui Gao ◽  
Songyu Liu ◽  
Qian Guo ◽  
Tao Luo

Taking the project of the Su-xin highway treated by using the resonant compaction method as the reference, a new method for the evaluation of liquefaction potential is proposed based on the piezocone penetration test (CPTU) and the standard penetration test (SPT). The soil behavior type index (Ic) obtained from CPTUs and the standard penetration test index (N63.5), obtained from SPTs, are analyzed for saturated silty sand and silt. The analysis result reveals a linear relationship between N63.5 and Ic, given by N63.5=−18.8Ic+52.0. The larger the value of Ic is, the greater the viscosity of soil is, and the smaller the value of N63.5 is. According to the method, liquefaction assessment of saturated silty sand and silt foundation can be conducted by using N63.5 based on the Code of Seismic Design of Building. N63.5 is expressed by a single Ic, which is calculated from the CPTU data. Compared with existing evaluation methods, this method can provide continuous standard penetration test values, moreover, this method involves a simple calculation, and the results obtained using the method are reliable.


2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Yusa Muhamad ◽  
Bowman Elisabeth T. ◽  
Nugroho S.A

National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) statistics show that the majority of earthquake affected buildings are residential houses, whereas in practice, soil investigation is rarely conducted for residential houses in Indonesia. This study is preliminary work on the prospective of Swedish Weight Sounding (SWST) for liquefaction assessment for residential houses. Material used is poorly graded sand. The number of half turns from SWST (NSW) per meter for very loose and loose clean fine sand ranges from 4 to 168 (equivalent to SPT 0-30). Liquefaction potential was assessed using an indirect method by converting NSW into equivalent NSPT and direct method. In general, the factor of safety obtained from the direct method is more conservative (thus giving lower liquefaction potential index) than the indirect method. Torque measured for material in this study ranged from 6-54 Nm, equivalent to a specific energy range from 7-70 N/mm2. Liquefaction assessment using SWST data with torque measurement also indicated the soil is liquefiable. SWST also may be able to detect sand ageing. In summary SWS has a good prospect as a highly portable and low cost investigation tool for liquefaction assessment of residential houses in Indonesia.


2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Pedro Vencovsky Nogueira ◽  
Marcelo Peres Rocha ◽  
Welitom Rodrigues Borges ◽  
Eduardo Xavier Seimetz ◽  
Márcio Maciel Cavalcanti

ABSTRACT. The most common procedure for an engineering project/construction is the use of direct survey, borehole and Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Thisprovides punctual information of the geology at the site, and many boreholes are necessary along the construction site, representing a significant amount of the budgetfor the construction and to help develop a better geological understand/map of the site. The use of geophysical methods allows to study the subsurface by indirectmeans, with low cost, and enable to cover large areas if compared to direct surveys. Geophysical methods are increasingly being used in engineering works, however, inBrazil the use in engineering projects is still scarce. In this work was used shallow seismic refraction method to study the shallow subsurface in an area along the futuretrack of the subway system of Bras´ılia, Brazil. The refraction results (P-wave) were compared with previous existing data from Standard Penetration Test (SPT), and soilprofile description. The seismic was used to study the subsurface geology, and SPT data were used to compare the seismic results. We observed a good correlationfor the depths obtained through each method, mostly in the north portion of the line, when the SPT was near the line, indicating that its results are influenced by thesame mechanical parameters, related to soil strength. Our results motivate the use of seismic refraction as a tool to optimize the direct investigation methods for bettergeotechnical characterization of the medium.Keywords: shallow seismic refraction, standard penetration test (SPT), geotechnical study. RESUMO. O procedimento inicial mais comum em um projeto de engenharia é o uso de pesquisa direta, por meio de sondagens e Índice de Resistência à Penetração (SPT, em inglês). Estas ferramentas fornecem informações pontuais acerca da geologia local, sendo necessárias diversas sondagens para desenvolver um bom entendimento geológico/geotécnico da região, fazendo com que as sondagens representem uma quantidade significativa do orçamento da obra de engenharia. O usode métodos geofísicos permite estudar a subsuperfície por meio indireto, com baixo custo, e possibilita cobrir grandes áreas, quando comparado ao uso exclusivo desondagens diretas. Métodos geofísicos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados em obras de engenharia, no entanto, o seu uso em projetos de engenharia no Brasil aindaé escasso. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o método de sísmica de refração rasa para estudar a subsuperfície em uma área ao longo do futuro trecho do sistema de metrô de Brasília, Brasil. Os resultados de refração (onda P) foram comparados com os dados pré-existentes de SPT e descrição do solo. A sísmica foi empregada para estudara geologia da subsuperfície, os dados SPT foram utilizados para comparar com os resultados sísmicos. Observou-se uma boa correlação para as profundezas obtidas através de cada método, principalmente na porção norte da linha, região em que o SPT está mais próximo da linha, indicando que os seus resultados são influenciados pelos mesmos parâmetros mecânicos, relacionados com a resistência do solo. Nossos resultados motivam o uso de refração sísmica como uma ferramenta para aperfeiçoar os métodos de investigação direta, com objetivo de gerar uma melhor caracterização geotécnica do meio.Palavras-chave: sísmica de refração rasa, índice de resistência à penetração, estudo geotécnico.


2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Indah Sari

Earthquake disasters are some of the most frequent disasters in the world. One of the impacts of earthquakes is liquefaction. Indonesia is earthquake-prone and has been negatively impacted by liquefaction. Recently liquefaction resulting from an earthquake in Palu, Central Sulawesi caused losses in terms of material and lives motivating a more detailed study of this risk to reduce it in the future. In this study, an analysis of the liquefaction potential of sandy soil was carried out by varying the effective confining pressure to produce a graph relating fine contents (FC) to cyclic resistance ratio (CRR).The value of the cyclic resistance ratio is needed to determine the safety factor for potential liquefaction.


2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 708-713
Author(s):  
Jing You Hu ◽  
Jian Bin Xie ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Cheng Hui Li

The particle composition, physical and mechanical properties of tailings silt in Zhuziqing tailings dam were tested by means of field survey and lab test. And the liquefaction potential of tailings silt in Zhuziqing tailings dam were investigated based on field-performance data using standard penetration test (SPT) and wave velocity test (WVT) methods. Results show that the liquefaction potential of tailings silt in Zhuziqing tailings dam can be evaluated by means of SPT and WVT. Results also show that there is almost non liquefaction at the places in Zhuziqing tailings dam where are under the seventh sub-dam, and there is serious liquefaction in the new sub-dam and deposited beach, which locate at the places above the eleventh sub-dam.


2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Boulanger ◽  
I.M. Idriss

The cyclic resistance of sand unit 3c at Duncan Dam in British Columbia for overburden stresses of about 2 to 12 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) was evaluated previously using cyclic undrained direct simple shear (DSS) and cyclic undrained triaxial testing of samples obtained using frozen sampling techniques. The in situ standard penetration test (SPT) and laboratory testing results provide a unique set of data for evaluating how the effects of effective overburden stress are accounted for in liquefaction evaluation procedures. The present study re-examines the cyclic resistance of these sands based on the field and laboratory test data for the unit 3c sands underlying Duncan Dam relative to the site-specific procedures developed by Pillai and Byrne and the liquefaction triggering evaluation procedures presented by Idriss and Boulanger, Youd et al., and Cetin et al. The differences in the results and the reasons for the differences are discussed.


Author(s):  
K. Onder Cetin ◽  
Raymond B. Seed ◽  
Armen Der Kiureghian ◽  
Kohji Tokimatsu ◽  
Leslie F. Harder ◽  
...  

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